英語語法主語

1、 subjectReview the subjectReview the subject主語是一個句子的主題，是句子所主語是一個句子的主題，是句子所訴說的主體。它的位置一般在句首。訴說的主體。它的位置一般在句首?？梢杂米鲋髡Z的有單詞、短語、從可以用做主語的有單詞、短語、從句句, ,甚至句子。甚至句子。 名詞作主語。名詞作主語。A tree has fallen across the street.The ambulance is arriving. 2. 代詞作主語。代詞作主語。You are a middle school student.He lent me his new bike.Th

2、eyThey live on a busy main road. _must live on a busy main road. _must be very noisy.be very noisy. There B. It C. That D. TheyThere B. It C. That D. TheyB BWeWe wrote a letter of thanks to _had wrote a letter of thanks to _had helped us.helped us. who B. whose who B. whose A.A.C. whomever D. whoeve

3、rC. whomever D. whoeverD D3.3.數(shù)詞作主語。數(shù)詞作主語。ThreeThree is enough. is enough.TwoTwo from five leaves three. from five leaves three.FiveFive into thirty equals six. into thirty equals six.and/plus minus times divided by=is/equals/makesPs:在加乘中可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，在加乘中可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，在減除中只可用單數(shù)在減除中只可用單數(shù)4.4.不定式作主語。不定式作主語。To fin

4、d the truthTo find the truth is very difficult. is very difficult.ItIts very difficult to find the truth.s very difficult to find the truth.5.5.動名詞作主語。動名詞作主語。SmokingSmoking is bad for your health. is bad for your health.SeeingSeeing is believing. is believing.（眼見為實。）（眼見為實。）6.6.名詞化的形容詞作主語。名詞化的形容詞作主語。

5、The richThe rich should help the poor. should help the poor.The old and the youngThe old and the young walked side walked side by side.by side.the blindthe blind瞎子瞎子 the deafthe deaf聾子聾子 the deadthe dead死者死者 the living the living 活著的人活著的人7.名詞化的過去分詞作主語。名詞化的過去分詞作主語。The disabled are being carefully tak

6、en care of.the disabled the disabled 殘疾人殘疾人 the wounded the wounded 傷者傷者8.8.介詞短語作主語。介詞短語作主語。To BeijingTo Beijing is not very far. is not very far.9.9.從句作主語。從句作主語。Whenever you comeWhenever you come will be fine. will be fine.10.引語作主語。引語作主語。“How do you do?” is a greeting when people meet for the first

7、 time.Exercise:Exercise:1. Underline the Subject in each of the following sentences and then translate the sentence into Chinese. Tell what is used as Subject ( a noun, an adjective , etc). EXAMPLE:Great thinkers have used creativity and imagination to change the world. (noun) 偉大的思想家運用創(chuàng)造力和想象偉大的思想家運用

8、創(chuàng)造力和想象力改變世界。（名詞）力改變世界。（名詞）2.The wounded taken from the front need immediate treatment in the field hospital.3.To master a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work . 從前線送來的傷員需要在戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)院迅速接受治療。從前線送來的傷員需要在戰(zhàn)地醫(yī)院迅速接受治療。掌握一門外語需要大量的記憶。掌握一門外語需要大量的記憶。adjective形容詞形容詞infinitive不定式不定式1.Self-cofidence i

9、s the key to success.自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。noun名詞名詞6.2012 is the year when the 30th Olympic Games will be held in London.第第30屆奧運會將于屆奧運會將于2012年在倫敦舉行。年在倫敦舉行。5.Whether Jenny will pass the interview depends on her confidence in herself.詹妮是否能通過面試取決于她有沒有信心。詹妮是否能通過面試取決于她有沒有信心。4.Taking exercise early in the mor

10、ning has become part of her retired life. 早晨進(jìn)行體育鍛煉成為她退休生活的一部分。早晨進(jìn)行體育鍛煉成為她退休生活的一部分。sentencenumbergerund動名詞動名詞4.There are 73 students in our class. Some are boys. are girls. The other B. The others A. C. Another D. Other 6.There_ only another two miles to go. （時間距離長度重量作（時間距離長度重量作整體看）整體看） A. is B. are

11、C. has D. have1. 名詞用作主語名詞用作主語。如：。如： Video games can be a poor influence if left in the wrong hands. (湖南湖南2015)名詞作主語，主要考查主謂一致名詞作主語，主要考查主謂一致1) Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ visit Beijing tomorrow. A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to當(dāng)當(dāng)主語后面有主語后面有 as well

12、as, with, along with, together with, except, beside 等時等時，謂語動詞不受這些詞或短語的影響，謂語動詞不受這些詞或短語的影響，仍與主語保持一致仍與主語保持一致。此題的謂語動詞應(yīng)。此題的謂語動詞應(yīng)與與 Dr. Smith 保持一致，故排除選項保持一致，故排除選項B、D；。；。2) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been the

13、number of 意為意為“的數(shù)目的數(shù)目”，后，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)用單數(shù)，故排除選項，故排除選項B、D；再根據(jù)；再根據(jù)since 1997可排除選項可排除選項A。a number of 意為意為“許多；若干許多；若干”， 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3) Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _ invited. A. were B. have been C. has be

14、en D. was由由and連接的兩個并列的名詞被連接的兩個并列的名詞被each，every，no，many a等修飾并且作主語時等修飾并且作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。故此題排。故此題排除選項除選項A、B，再根據(jù)，再根據(jù) last night 可排除可排除選項選項C。4) A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were 由由and連接的兩個名詞作主語，并且表連

15、接的兩個名詞作主語，并且表示同一人、物或概念或由兩個部件配成示同一人、物或概念或由兩個部件配成的物品時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)的物品時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故此題排，故此題排除選項除選項B、D；再根據(jù)；再根據(jù)tomorrow afternoon可排除選項可排除選項C。若。若and連接的連接的兩個名詞作主語，表示不同的人、物或兩個名詞作主語，表示不同的人、物或概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 3. 從句用作主語。謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形從句用作主語。謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式式。如：。如： How we understand things _ a lot to do with what we feel.

16、(北京北京2015) has下列各句均有一處錯誤，請改正并分析原因。下列各句均有一處錯誤，請改正并分析原因。1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.Thatthat雖無詞義但引導(dǎo)主語從句位于雖無詞義但引導(dǎo)主語從句位于句首時不能省略。句首時不能省略。Whetherif, whether都可表示都可表示“是否是否”, 但但if不能引不能引導(dǎo)位于主句之前的主語從句，它可以引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)位于主句之前的主語從句，它可以引導(dǎo)位于主句之后帶有形式主語位于主句之

17、后帶有形式主語it的主語從句的主語從句。主語從句常見錯誤主語從句常見錯誤3. That the professor said is of great importance.Whatthat引導(dǎo)主語從句時無詞義。引導(dǎo)主語從句時無詞義。What the professor said表示表示“教授所說的教授所說的”。5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時二者可互換，但引引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時二

18、者可互換，但引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用whoever。Whoever 主語從句表示單一概念時，謂語要用主語從句表示單一概念時，謂語要用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。remain8. _ was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.9. _ they will have the sports meet is still a question.10. It doesnt matter _ she looks like.WhoWhen/Where/Whetherwhat謂語謂語predicate 說明主語的說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征。指出

19、動作，狀態(tài)或特征。指出“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或或“怎么樣怎么樣”. 動詞在句子中作謂語動詞在句子中作謂語,一般放在主語之后一般放在主語之后.1.The new term _ (開始開始)on the first of September.2.Her father _(是是)a taxi driver .3. She _(似乎似乎)tired and thirsty.4.Miss Lin _ (給給看看)me her English notebook.beginsisisseemsseemsshowedshowed謂語分為謂語分為簡單謂語簡單謂語和和復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語兩類兩類 一一.

20、.簡單謂語簡單謂語 由由一個動詞或短語動詞一個動詞或短語動詞構(gòu)成的謂語構(gòu)成的謂語, ,就是簡單就是簡單謂語謂語. .不管這些謂語動詞是什么不管這些謂語動詞是什么時態(tài)時態(tài), ,語態(tài)語態(tài), ,語氣語氣, ,都是簡單謂語都是簡單謂語. .例如例如: : 1.We1.Weplantplanttreesinspringeveryyear. treesinspringeveryyear. 我們每年春天都種許多樹我們每年春天都種許多樹. . 2.Theplane2.Theplanetook offtook offatsevenoclock. atsevenoclock. 飛機(jī)已在飛機(jī)已在7 7點起飛點起飛.

21、 . 復(fù)合謂語由兩部分構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語由兩部分構(gòu)成,其有不同的情況其有不同的情況: 1.由情態(tài)動詞由情態(tài)動詞/助動詞加一個不帶助動詞加一個不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成：的不定式構(gòu)成： 1)These students shall visit the museum tomorrow. 2) What does this word mean? 3) I wont do it again. 4) Ill go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. 5)Youd better catch a bus. 二.復(fù)合謂語 2.由個別情態(tài)動詞和一個帶由個別情態(tài)動詞和一個帶

22、to 的動詞不定式構(gòu)成的動詞不定式構(gòu)成: You ought to begin with English 900. 你應(yīng)從你應(yīng)從開始學(xué)開始學(xué).They used to respect the old professor very much. 他們過去非常尊敬這位老教授他們過去非常尊敬這位老教授. (used to/have to/ought to)3.許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子在變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)后,也包含了一個復(fù)合謂語。 Jack was seen to swim across the river. 有人看到杰克游過河了有人看到杰克游過河了.(to swim做補(bǔ)語）做補(bǔ)語）Jack was seen swimming across the river.Peter was found cheating in the exam.The old man was found dead in bed/in hospital.4.由連系動詞加表語構(gòu)成: The weather has turned cold. You look the same. The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer. Keep quiet and listen to me. H