完整版專四英語語法考點(diǎn)

1、語法考點(diǎn)之一 ：虛擬語氣考點(diǎn)1. If從句中的虛擬語氣1、與過去事實(shí)相反：從句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；2、省略if，從句的語序用到裝，即將were, had或 should移至主語的前面，但否定詞not不前移。3、與將來事實(shí)相反：從句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。4、錯(cuò)綜條件句：主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間段。比如：從句對(duì)過去虛擬，而主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬，即從句sb had done，主句sb would(

2、should, could, might)+do；考點(diǎn)2：表示建議、要求、命令等動(dòng)詞如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引導(dǎo)的從句及it引導(dǎo)的相應(yīng)的分詞、名詞和形容詞從句，謂語用（should)+動(dòng)詞原形。 考點(diǎn)3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等從句，謂語用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形?？键c(diǎn)4：it is (high/about) time that的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過去式。

3、例如:考點(diǎn)5：much as"盡管，雖然"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中用would have done表示假設(shè)?？键c(diǎn)6：if only, wish, as if/as though引導(dǎo)從句，與過去事實(shí)相反：had + done；與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：動(dòng)詞過去式；與將來事實(shí)相反：could/would + do考點(diǎn)7：would rather/sooner從句中使用一般過去式或過去完成式分別表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的虛擬考點(diǎn)8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形動(dòng)詞。語法考點(diǎn)之二 ：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞: will（愿意）, shall（將）, must（必須）

4、, can, may, would, should (應(yīng)該), might, could, ought to, used to（過去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）考試中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞部分重點(diǎn)測(cè)試以下內(nèi)容：（1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞完成式（表示推測(cè)） （2）某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法考點(diǎn)1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)(1) must have done表示推測(cè)過去某事“一定”發(fā)生了。否定形式為：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示過去不可能發(fā)生某事。(2) could have done表示推測(cè)過去某動(dòng)作“很可能”發(fā)生了。(3) m

5、ay / might have done 表示推測(cè)過去某事“也許”發(fā)生了.(4) ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldnt have done 用于對(duì)已發(fā)生的情況表示“責(zé)備”、“不滿”，分別表示“本應(yīng)該”和“本不應(yīng)該”(5) neednt have done 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要， 意為“本沒必要”。*did not need to do 動(dòng)作并沒發(fā)生。考點(diǎn)2. 特殊用法(1) should 表示驚訝1. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.200

6、6 A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking (2) Cant but + V.,表示不得不，與have to同義。Cant help +Ving 忍不住。(3) cannot too / enough 表示 “無論怎么也不算過分”、“越越好”(4) may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不如”，相當(dāng)于had better(5) may well + 動(dòng)詞原形”，意為“（完全）能，很可能

7、” (6) may as well as還是好了 語法考點(diǎn)之三 ：非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1：不定式(1) 考察哪些動(dòng)詞接不定式；(2) 考察哪些短語接不帶to的不定式；Had better/had bestWould rather/would rather than/rather than/would sooner/would soonerthanCannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/do nothing besides/do nothing than Why引導(dǎo)的疑問句(3)考察動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：進(jìn)行式to be doing, 完成式to have

8、 done;一般式被動(dòng)語態(tài)to be done; 完成式被動(dòng)語態(tài)to have been done。另外，不定式短語有將來時(shí)的意思； 考點(diǎn)2：動(dòng)名詞(1) 常接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的詞：mind(介意), miss(逃過), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒險(xiǎn)), resist(抵制), consider(考慮), admit(承認(rèn)), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜歡), escape(逃脫), ensure(確保) , delay(延遲), de

9、ny(否認(rèn)), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建議) (2) 介詞后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止做spend/waste time /money in doing 在做方面花錢、浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢；how /what about doing sth 做怎么樣了？Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困難；There is no sense in doing (做是沒有理由的)Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/

10、punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感謝、羨慕、表揚(yáng)、責(zé)備、懲罰某人(3) 接動(dòng)名詞做介詞to 的賓語：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to習(xí)慣于；confess to供認(rèn)；come to談到；devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于；get down to著手做；give way to 對(duì)讓步；lead to導(dǎo)致；look forward to期待；next to幾乎；object to反對(duì)；pay attention to注意；stick to堅(jiān)持；stand up to勇敢面對(duì)；turn to求助于；be used to習(xí)慣于考點(diǎn)3

11、：分詞(1)從語態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞一般表主動(dòng)，過去分詞一般表被動(dòng)；(2)從時(shí)態(tài)上看，現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示過去。如果分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，分詞用完成時(shí)。（3）現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式是not放在分詞之前。*非謂語動(dòng)詞解題三步曲：一、首先確定主句；二、分析主動(dòng)被動(dòng)；三、分析動(dòng)作先后1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010 A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall2. "The m

12、an preparing the documents is the firm's lawyer" has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.3. _ at in th

13、is way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000 A. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look4. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004 A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated5. _, he can now only watch

14、 it on TV at home. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 6. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _insufficiently poplar with all members.1996 A. h

15、aving considered B. was considered C. was being considered D. being considered 7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbing down it. 1995 A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This mis

16、sile is designed so that once _nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 考點(diǎn)4：獨(dú)立主格（句中沒有連接詞，逗號(hào)分開兩個(gè)句子，存在兩個(gè)主語。形式：名詞/代詞分詞）。(1) 分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的“主語”，相當(dāng)于各種形式的狀語，表示一種伴隨的動(dòng)作、情況或表原因(2) 介詞（with）+名詞+形容詞/副詞+分詞，表示伴隨行動(dòng)做或補(bǔ)充說明1. Agriculture is the countrys chief

17、source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.2003 A. is B. been C. be D. being 2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.2003 A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits 3. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000 A. to be B

18、. to have been C. being D. be 4. _ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.1996 A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being 5. The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _the most important of these. 1994 A. have been B. are C. being D. are being6. The tape r

19、ecorder_ out of order, the students did not know what to do.1990 A. was B. Being C. has been D. was being 語法考點(diǎn)之四 ：定語從句關(guān)系代詞：which（指sth 作主語或賓語），that（指sb或sth 作主語或賓語），who（指sb作主語或賓語），whom（指sb作賓語），whose（指sb或sth，作定語）,as（指sb,sth 作主語或賓語）;做賓語的時(shí)候， 關(guān)系代詞可以省略。關(guān)系副詞：when（指時(shí)間 on which），where（指地點(diǎn) at which），why（指原因 fo

20、r which）考點(diǎn)1. 先行詞為人時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞who和that (1) 只能用who不用that：1)當(dāng)先行詞為one(s), anyone, those時(shí)；2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時(shí)。(2) 只能用that不用who：1)當(dāng)主句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)who時(shí)。2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. 2003 A. which B. that C. who D. whom 考點(diǎn)2. 先行詞為物時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞that和which (1) 只

21、能用that不用which：1)先行詞為much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代詞。2）先行詞既有人又有物。3）先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾。4）先行詞被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修飾。5）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語。6) 在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中。7) 主句是there be句型。1. I was very interested in _ she told me.2009 A. all that B. all w

22、hich C. all what D. That2. There is no one in the world _.1991 A. that ever made mistakes B. that has ever made mistakes C. that never makes mistakes D. that sometimes makes mistakes(2) 只能用which不用that: 1) 定語從句中的介詞前置時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只能用which;We depend on the land from which we get our food. 2) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)只能用whic

23、h,其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞, 也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。 1. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _is something we had not expected. 2003 A. which B. it C. that D. what 2. Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _should make great differences in our life next

24、 summer.2002 A. which B. what C. that D. They考點(diǎn)3：介詞+關(guān)系代詞 (which/ whom)(1) 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定方法：定語從句的動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，或者從句的動(dòng)詞、形容詞的習(xí)慣性搭配。1. The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.2006 A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which2. Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city _.1999A. Id

25、most like to visit B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. Id like much to visit3.I have never been to London, but that is the city _.1997A. where I like to visit most B. I'd most like to visit.C. which I like to visit mostly D. where I'd like most to visit(2) Whose從句1. A

26、bove the trees are the hills, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.2003 A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which考點(diǎn)4：關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用 先行詞為“時(shí)間的名詞”用when1. She remembered several occasions in the past _she had experienced a similar feeling.1998A. which B. before C. that D. when 先行詞為“表示地點(diǎn)的名詞”

27、用where1. Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?2002 A. by which B. that C. in where D. Where 先行詞為“表示原因的名詞”why：reasonwhy（表示原因的名詞只有一個(gè)）考點(diǎn)5：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as 放在句首句中都可以，which 必需放在句中，但下列情況多用as: 1) 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。As is known to everybody, the

28、moon travels round the earth once every month. 2) 當(dāng)與such as或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。3) as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句應(yīng)與主句在意義上和諧一致，which無此限制： He went abroad, as which was expected. 他出國了，正如大家預(yù)料到的。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了，這讓大家感到很意外。(不用as) 1. Only take these clothes _really necessary.1994 A. as were B. as they

29、 are C. as they were D. as are2. _ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. 1994 A. That B. It C. This D. As 注意：定語從句中主謂一致問題：從句中的動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與它的先行詞保持一致。He is one of the teachers who know English well. He is the only one of t

30、he teachers who knows English well.(特殊) 語法考點(diǎn)之五：狀語從句考點(diǎn)1：時(shí)間狀語從句連接詞：when, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, the minute, no sooner .than hardlywhen等(1) whenever1. Come and see me whenever _. (1997) A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it

31、 is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you(2) No sooner than/ hardly .when/ scarcely.when 一 .就.用于句首要求倒裝1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left.2009 A. when B. as C. until D. Than考點(diǎn)2：條件狀語從句連接詞：if , unless so/as long as, on condition that（條件是），as (so) far as (據(jù).所知),

32、provided that（要是，如果），in case(假使，如果)，only if（只有）等 only if只有1._ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region.2004 A. Only if, will B. If only, wouldC. Should, will D. Unless, wouldunless 除非1. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security.1996 A. lest B. in case C

33、. unless D. other than 2. _ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. 1995 A. Unless B. As C. Though D. Since 考點(diǎn)3：原因狀語從句連接詞：Because, since, as (放句首) , for, now that(既然，由于）, when(既然), considering that（顧及到-）, seeing that（由于），in that 因?yàn)? 既然1. Men differ from animals _ they can th

34、ink and speak.2008 A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which2. Barry has an advantage over his mother _ he could speak French. (2001) A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that考點(diǎn)4：讓步狀語從句連接詞:though, although, as, even if/though, whatever, however, wherever, while等引導(dǎo)。(1) while 盡管1. _I sympat

35、hize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. 2001 A. as long as B. as C. while D. even (2) as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀從倒裝As/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，必須將表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提到as前面。Try again as / though he will, he cant succeed.此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：一、若提前的表語是沒有形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，要省略不定冠詞；Child as / though he is, he knows much abo

36、ut the society.二、若提前的是動(dòng)詞原形(多為不及物動(dòng)詞)，與之連用的通常是may, might, will, would等，這些詞都要保留在原來的位置上(主語后)。Swim as / though he can, he cant swim so far.三、as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一定要倒裝，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不一定要倒裝，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句不要倒裝。四、讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。1. Fool _ Jerry is, he could not have done su

37、ch a thing.2010/2002 A. who B. as C. like D. that2. _, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.2005A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialistEven if 即使，讓步 (3) much as 雖然，盡管1. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at th

38、e weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.2008 A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much2. _I like economics I like sociology much better.2003 A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as 3. _ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (199

39、8) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. though much(4) for all+n 盡管 1. _, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions(5) however+adj./

40、adv.1. _ he always tries his best to complete it on time. (1999) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task 考點(diǎn)5：地點(diǎn)狀語從句: where/ wherever （wherever - 無論哪里）考點(diǎn)聚焦：地點(diǎn)狀語從句和where定語從句的區(qū)別：Tips: 判斷是定語從句還是地點(diǎn)狀語從句，要看從句前是否有先行詞，有先行詞的是定語從句，否則是狀語從句?？键c(diǎn)

41、6：方式狀語從句1. She did her work _her manager had instructed. 2002 A. as B. until C. when D. though 考點(diǎn)7：結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞：so that (=in order to), sothat, suchthat（太以至于）(1) so much so that 到這樣程度以致1. -Does Alan like limburgers?2003 -Yes. So much _ that he eats them every day. A. for B. as C. to D. so(2) such that達(dá)

42、到這樣的程度以致1. The brilliance of his satires was _make even his victims laugh. 1996 A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that 考點(diǎn)8：目的狀語從句 連接詞：so that, in order that, for fear that（為了防止）, lest（以防）1. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone_ an opportunity to hear the speech.2006 A. oug

43、ht to have B. must have C. may have D. should have語法考點(diǎn)之六：名詞從句一、常見考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)1：主語從句(1) that引導(dǎo)主語從句句型： that引導(dǎo)的主語從句直接放在句首的較少，更常見的是用it作形式主語置于句首，而將that引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句末，因此，下列都是常見的主語從句句型：1) It is +過去分詞+ that從句：It is reported that It is believed that It is generally thought that It should be noted that It has been foun

44、d that It must be pointed out that同樣可用的動(dòng)詞還有: say, expect, know, estimate, forecast2) It is +形容詞+ that從句：It is clear that It is likely that It is possible that It is natural that It is certain that It is strange that It is fortunate that It is necessary that3) It is +名詞短語+ that從句：It is a pity that It

45、 is a fact that It is good news that It is a good thing that It is no wonder that It is a shame that It is an honor that It is common knowledge that It is my belief that It is a miracle that4) It +不及物動(dòng)詞+that 從句：It seems that; It follows that; It happens that; It turns out that; It comes about that5)

46、 其他結(jié)構(gòu)：It dawns upon/ on sb that; It occurs to sb that; It makes no difference that; It doesnt need to be bothered that; It is of little consequence that(2) whether 及連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句一般放在句首?？键c(diǎn)2：賓語從句what/whatever/whoever/whomever whoever是人稱代詞的主格形式，一般在句子中作主語；whomever是人稱代詞的賓格形式，故一般作賓語。這兩個(gè)詞都等于the person th

47、at。what/whatever等于the thing(s) that。可以理解為“先行詞+that”。1. _ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.2009 A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However2. The government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken ar

48、ea. (2004) A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherever3. She managed to save_she could out of her wages to help her brother.2002 A. how little money B. so little moneyC. such little money D. what little money She gave him what money she had.You may bring what photos you like.what用作關(guān)系形容詞，通常與表示少量含

49、義的little，few連用(注：不能與表示多量含義的many，much連用)，表示“雖然少，但把所有的都 ”。例如：The scholar spent what little money he had on books.I spent what little time I had with my familyI will give what little help I can“It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give$5 and$10 and $20 to t

50、he cause.” 4. After _seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. (1999) A. that B. there C. what D. it 5. We can assign the task to _ is capable and trustworthy. (1994) A. whomever B. who C. whom D. Whoever考點(diǎn)3：表語從句(1) 表語從句通常是置于系動(dòng)詞，尤其是is后邊。1. Quality is _ counts mo

51、st.2008 A. which B. that C. what D. where考點(diǎn)4：同位語從句(1) “名詞+that +陳述句”句型：(2) no doubt+that/doubt+whether1. There is no doubt _ the company has made the right decision on the sales project. (2001) A. why B. that C. whether D. when語法考點(diǎn)串講之七：主謂一致1) “就遠(yuǎn)原則”:在“A +(with, together with, along with, as well as,

52、 but, except, besides, like, including, rather than, more than, no less than)+B”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與之B一致。1. Mr Wells, together with all the members of his family, _ for Europe this afternoon.2004 A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. Leave2) 就近原則：neithernor, (either)or, not onlybut also, notbut等并

53、列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)采取就近原則：謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由與其最接近的那個(gè)主語的數(shù)決定。1. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because _ going to agree upon anything today.2003 A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are 3) more than one + n/ Many a + n/ Every A and every B / No A and no B/ one and a half +n 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。注意：more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one 用復(fù)數(shù)，More members than one are against your plan.4) 由and連接的多個(gè)成分，若表示一種事物或一種概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；若表示的是多個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，則用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:bread and butter, bread and c