中考語法之---句子成分

1、句子成分專講專練 句子成分 My brother teaches English at a school.主語謂語賓語狀語 主語：一句話的主體，英語句子中不可 或缺的成分，是全句述說的對(duì)象 常由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞擔(dān)任 位于句首句子成分 My brother teaches English at a school.主語謂語賓語狀語 謂語：說出主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的 由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任 位于主語之后句子成分 My brother teaches English at a school.主語謂語賓語狀語 賓語：及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象和介詞所聯(lián)系 的對(duì)象，常由名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的 詞擔(dān)任，位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后句子成分

2、My brother teaches English at a school.主語謂語賓語狀語 狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句 常由副詞或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞組擔(dān)任 可置于動(dòng)詞之前或之后 只能置于形容詞或副詞之前句子成分 Brown is a teacher. It is fine today. 主語謂語表語 表語：表述主語的身份或特征的 常由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任 置于連系動(dòng)詞之后狀語句子成分 定語：限定或修飾名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞 常由形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的短語 或從句擔(dān)任，形容詞位于名詞之前 短語或從句置于名詞之后 Jane is a beautiful girl. John had a gre

3、at desire to travel. Children who live by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age.句子成分 補(bǔ)語：用來補(bǔ)充主語和賓語的意義 一般都著重說明主語或賓語的身份 或特征 The parents named their baby Tony.從句 1. 主語從句: How this happened is not clear. 2. 表語從句: The trouble is that I have no money. 3.賓語從句: He demanded that I should do it. 4. 定語從

4、句: A man who sells books is called a bookseller. 5. 狀語從句: If it rains, I will not go.自己能想出5個(gè)包含以上從句的句子嗎？句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) 1. Day dawns. 天亮了。主語S謂語V 2. Tom is a professor.主語S連系動(dòng)詞L表語P句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) 3. Ruth understands French.主語S謂語V 4. He told us the whole story.主語S謂語V直接賓語O賓語O間接賓語O句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) 5. He died a poor man.主語S謂語V 6. He

5、found George intelligent.主語S謂語V賓語補(bǔ)語C補(bǔ)語C賓語O 1. 簡單句：含有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。 Carol came into the classroom and sat down. 2. 并列句: 由連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句（叫做分句）合成的句子 I came home early, but she remained to the end of the concert. 3. 復(fù)合句: 由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句合成的句子 He said he would come in the evening.2007-12-banked

6、 cloze Step 1:確定備選詞的詞性，意義 Step 2: 瀏覽全文，確定main idea Step 3: 根據(jù)上下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和意義確定所需單詞的詞性和詞形 A）acting-名詞- 行為，演出，演技 - 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-行為，表演 -形容詞-代理的 B) assuming-動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-認(rèn)為，假設(shè) C) comprehensive-形容詞-綜合的，理解的 D) cooperative-形容詞-合作的 E) entire 形容詞-整個(gè)的，全部的 F) especially 副詞-尤其，特別地 G) forward 副詞-向前 H）images-名詞復(fù)數(shù)- 形象 I) informat

7、ion-名詞-信息 J) offers-動(dòng)詞第三人陳單數(shù)-提供 K) projects-名詞復(fù)數(shù)-工程，項(xiàng)目 -動(dòng)詞第三人陳單數(shù)-投影 L) respectively 副詞-分別地，各自地 M) role 名詞-角色，作用 N) technology 名詞-科技 O) victims -名詞復(fù)數(shù)-受害者，犧牲者Step 2:main idea 由于受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的影響，兒童也卷入其中。所以出現(xiàn)了諸如“和平學(xué)?！钡膱F(tuán)體，旨在讓受害者們感受到和平，而不是憤怒等消極心理。Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-11 謂語take part in的意思是“參與”,動(dòng)詞后接名詞作為賓語 可見空格處應(yīng)填projects比

8、較符合題意 所以，答案是K.Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-12 The children, 主語 after learning to resolve conflicts,時(shí)間狀語 took on the _ of peacemakers.謂語，“承擔(dān)”空格處填一名詞，根據(jù)前面的動(dòng)詞和后面的名詞，role符合題意，所以，本題答案為M。Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-13 Groups of children 主語 _ as peacemakers , 后置定語修飾主語 studied human rights and.謂語Groups of children=peacemaker固定搭配：ac

9、t as現(xiàn)在分詞可以用來做后置定語所以，本題答案為A。Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-14 The classroom 主語 _ , 謂語動(dòng)詞 opportunities for .賓語固定搭配：提供機(jī)會(huì) offer opportunities所以，本題答案為J。缺謂語動(dòng)詞，主語為單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)以s結(jié)尾Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-15 to replace angry, violent behaviors with _ , peaceful ones (=behaviors).所以，本題答案為D。缺形容詞，語義應(yīng)與peaceful一致與angry, violent相對(duì)Step 3: 確定詞性

10、，詞形-16 to take a step _ toward becoming.所以，本題答案為G。比較三個(gè)副詞，forward 符合題意“超前邁了一步”有動(dòng)詞和賓語缺副詞Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-17 that are _ useful when所以，本題答案為F。be動(dòng)詞和形容詞useful之間需要一個(gè)副詞especially? respectively?Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-18 provides a Website with resources for teachers and _ on starting所以，本題答案為I。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，and后的部分是與resourc

11、es并列的同類名詞，information符合題意Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-19 to help the _ of war所以，本題答案為O。首先確定是表示人“的名詞of war可以選出victims比較符合題意Step 3: 確定詞性，詞形-20 and ideally affect the culture of the _ school.所以，本題答案為E。首先確定空格需要一個(gè)形容詞修飾school從前面一句one class could spread to other classrooms可以推斷是“整個(gè)學(xué)?！睌U(kuò)展 1-1. acting brilliant /excellent/

12、 good 精彩的演出 bad / poor/ wooden 拙劣/呆板的表演 do a lot of 參加很多表演 career/ profession 演藝事業(yè)/表演專業(yè) 1-2. act at once/immediately, promptly, quickly/ swiftly 馬上行動(dòng)，立即行動(dòng) correctly/legally/ properly illegally 非法行事 improperly 做事不當(dāng) unconstitutionally 不依憲法行事 unlawfully 不依法行事 wrongly 錯(cuò)誤行事擴(kuò)展 1-2. act unreasonably 做事荒唐 o

13、ddly/ strangely/ suspiciously 行事可疑 bravely / decisively/ effectively in good faith 出于善意做事 in self-defense 自衛(wèi) accordingly 采取相應(yīng)行動(dòng)擴(kuò)展 1-2. act against 采取行動(dòng)對(duì)付 like 表現(xiàn)像一樣 for / on behalf of sb. 代表某人 on 對(duì)起作用 out of 出于而行動(dòng) in sbs best interests 為了某人的最大利益而行事 brilliantly/ well/ badly擴(kuò)展 1-3. action 名詞，行動(dòng)，做事的過程

14、decisive/effective/firm/strong/vigorous immediate/prompt/swift/urgent drastic 斷然行動(dòng) emergency 緊急行動(dòng) collective 集體行動(dòng) joint 聯(lián)合行動(dòng) united 統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)擴(kuò)展 1-3. action 名詞，行動(dòng)，做事的過程 take /carry out/ perform 采取行動(dòng)，行動(dòng)起來 call for 號(hào)召行動(dòng) put sth into 將付諸實(shí)施 in 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) out of 擴(kuò)展 1-4. active 形容詞，活躍 be / keep / remain extremely / hi

15、ghly/ very increasingly 越來越活躍 mentally 思維敏捷 physically 身手敏捷擴(kuò)展 1-5. activity 名詞，活動(dòng) 1-6. actor, actress擴(kuò)展 2. assume 動(dòng)詞 “認(rèn)為，假設(shè)” automatically/naturally 里所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 reasonably safely 有把握的認(rèn)為 can / might 能夠假設(shè)，可以假設(shè) tend to 傾向于認(rèn)為 be fair/reasonable/safe/wrong/easy/be a mistake to Let us 讓我們假設(shè)擴(kuò)展 2-1. assumption

16、名詞 “假設(shè)” basic / fundamental/ hidden/implicit tacit/underlying/unspoken common /conventional/ general / shared/ wide-spread correct/ reasonable/ valid false/ flawed, incorrect/ mistake/questionable/wrong 擴(kuò)展 2-1. assumption 名詞 “假設(shè)” make /accept challenge/disprove/question /test on the that 根據(jù)的假定擴(kuò)展 3.

17、comprehensive 形容詞 “全面的” extremely / very 非常全面的 fully /totally 無所不包的，面面俱到 increasingly 越來越詳細(xì) 3.2 comprehend 動(dòng)詞 “理解” fully 完全理解 be able/ unable to / fail to 無法理解 3.3 comprehensible 形容詞 “可理解的” be /become make sth. to 對(duì)來說可理解擴(kuò)展 句子有一定的完整語法和語調(diào),用以表達(dá)一個(gè)比較完整的獨(dú)立的概念。句子是表達(dá)思想的主要單位,只有完整的句子才能表達(dá)完整的意思。句子開頭第一個(gè)字母要大寫,句末要

18、有句號(hào)、問號(hào)或感嘆號(hào)。 How are you getting on with your English lessons? I think you read the book carefully. Is the fire out? Whats the best way of doing that? You must be joking!Object (賓語) 概念:表示及物動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。主要有名詞、代詞 等組成。Mike did the job.I dont like him .You will get ten. 名詞 -代詞 (賓格) -數(shù)詞 名詞化的形容詞 We should help

19、the old. 名詞化的副詞 He left there last week. 動(dòng)名詞 They enjoy singing. 名詞化的分詞 He never did unexpected. 不定式 I want to go swimming this Sunday . 從句-賓語從句 I think that you know who is waiting for you . 有些動(dòng)詞可跟雙賓語: He buys me a cake. Give me a hand, please.1.Born in 1743, Joseph Banks played an important role i

20、n botanical research in the eighteenth century. 2. Even before going to Oxford in 1760, Banks showed an appetite for knowledge. Tell what is used as the Object. (3) As a member of the Royal Society, the 25-year-old Banks paid 10,000 for the equipment of the expedition.(4) The Royal Society gave him

21、the opportunity he had been waiting for. (5) Do you know who else joined Banks on the expedition with Captain Cook in 1768?(6) In 1772 he went on an expedition with a fellow student. (7) He asked explorers to send him new plant species from around the world, which he included in the collection at Ke

22、w Garden. (8) He enjoyed spending hours in the greenhouses at Kew, among the strange plants from Southeast Asia. (9) It was Joseph Banks who introduced them to England at the end of the eighteenth century. (10) As a reward for his contribution to botany, Joseph Banks had a flower named after him. 有些

23、動(dòng)詞需要兩個(gè)賓語,即雙賓語 通常是一個(gè)指人(間接賓語),一個(gè)指物(直接賓語)一般是間賓在前,直賓在后. He gave me some ink. Our teacher told us an interesting story.可以帶兩個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞有 1.ask, bring, give, leave, lend, pass, send, teach, tell, write, wish 等 eg. lend me a book=lend a book to me 2.buy, do, find, get, mend, make, pay, sing, borrow等 eg. sing us a song = sing a song for us ？ (borrow me a bike= borrow a bike from me)Homework 1.媽媽給我做了一件漂亮的衣