英語(yǔ)必修4：Unit3Grammar

1、What do you think of when we speak of the UKv River Thames 泰晤士河泰晤士河v Big Ben 大本鐘大本鐘v London Bridge 倫敦橋倫敦橋v Westminster Abbey 威斯敏斯特教堂威斯敏斯特教堂v Buckingham Palace 白金漢宮白金漢宮v Greenwich Observatory 格林威治天文臺(tái)格林威治天文臺(tái)v Stonehenge 巨石陣巨石陣v Oxford and Cambridge 牛津大學(xué)牛津大學(xué) 劍橋大學(xué)劍橋大學(xué) Unit3 GrammarRevision-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用

2、法形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 對(duì)他說話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。對(duì)他說話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。吸煙會(huì)致癌。吸煙會(huì)致癌。 3. Walking is my sole exercise. 4. Talking mends no holes. 5. I suggest bringing the meeting to an end. 散步是我唯一的運(yùn)動(dòng)。散步是我唯一的運(yùn)動(dòng)。（諺）空談無(wú)濟(jì)于事。（

3、諺）空談無(wú)濟(jì)于事。我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。6. He admitted taking the money. 7. I couldnt help laughing.8. Your coat needs brushing. 他承認(rèn)錢是他拿的。他承認(rèn)錢是他拿的。 我禁不住笑了起來(lái)。我禁不住笑了起來(lái)。你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。+動(dòng)名詞用法口訣：動(dòng)名詞用法口訣：避 免 錯(cuò) 過 棄 延 期 ， 建 議 完 成 值 練 習(xí) ；避 免 錯(cuò) 過 棄 延 期 ， 建 議 完 成 值 練 習(xí) ；樂 想 冒 險(xiǎn) 禁 不 住 ， 抵 抗 否 忍 厭 寬 恕 ；樂 想 冒 險(xiǎn) 禁 不 住 ， 抵 抗

4、 否 忍 厭 寬 恕 ；反 逃 避 ， 注 堅(jiān) 持 ； 盼 著 手 ， 成反 逃 避 ， 注 堅(jiān) 持 ； 盼 著 手 ， 成 / 承 良 習(xí) 。承 良 習(xí) 。突 費(fèi) 勁突 費(fèi) 勁 , 哭 笑 都 無(wú) 益 ， 需 忙 碌哭 笑 都 無(wú) 益 ， 需 忙 碌 , 奉 獻(xiàn) 皆 感 激 。奉 獻(xiàn) 皆 感 激 。avoid; miss; give up; delay, put off; suggest, advise; finish; deserve/be worth, practise/practice; fancy, enjoy; imagine, feel like, consider; risk;

5、 cant help; resist; deny; bear/stand/endure; hate/dislike; pardon/forgive; object to; escape; pay attention to; keep (on), insist on, stick to; look forward to; get down to, set about, take up; succeed in, be successful in; admit/permit; get/be used/accustomed to; burst out, want/require/need; be bu

6、sy/engaged (in); contributeto; devoteto, appreciate 一、一、-ing形式作定語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ) 1. 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的v-ing形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞的前面，形式作定語(yǔ)位于被修飾名詞的前面，可表達(dá)三種含義：可表達(dá)三種含義：a) 表示表示“供供之用之用”，相當(dāng)于，相當(dāng)于used for doing. building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖 a reading room = a room for

7、reading 閱覽室閱覽室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái)寫字臺(tái)drinking water = water for drinking 飲用水飲用水a(chǎn) walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room = a room for reading 閱覽室閱覽室a writing desk = a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái)寫字臺(tái)b) 表表“正在正在的的”。 如：如： 1)those singing girls （=those girls who are singing） 2)

8、the laughing audience (=the audience who are laughing) 3)the rising sun (=the sun that is rising) 4)a sleeping child (=a child who are sleeping) 5)a flying kite (=a kite that is flying) c) 表示性質(zhì)特征表示性質(zhì)特征 1)an exciting story （=a story that excites people）2) an interesting crosstalk (=a crosstalk that i

9、s interesting)3) an amusing story (=a story that is amusing)4) a depressing situation (=a situation that is depressing)5)tiring music 6)a surprising result一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果= music that is tiring 煩人的音樂煩人的音樂=a result that is surprising 2. v-ing形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)形式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí), 放在所修飾的放在所修飾的名詞之后名詞之后, 并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)并且在意思上相當(dāng)

10、于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：從句。如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他們住在一間面朝街的房子。他們住在一間面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anyb

11、ody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。 3. v-ing形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ)，形式短語(yǔ)也可以用作非限制定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)，它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)，它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開。如：與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in B

12、eijing. 他那個(gè)當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。他那個(gè)當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。 sway swei vt.&vi. 搖擺，動(dòng)搖搖擺，動(dòng)搖 breeze bri:zn. 威風(fēng)，和風(fēng)威風(fēng)，和風(fēng) 二、二、v-ing

13、形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 1. v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常放在賓語(yǔ)后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。如：強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時(shí)當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時(shí), 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在大門口。在大門口。 We found the snake eating the eggs. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。

14、I found a bag lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個(gè)包。我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個(gè)包。 The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板讓工人整夜地工作。那老板讓工人整夜地工作。 2. 能用能用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類動(dòng)詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的幾類動(dòng)詞: 1) 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見的表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，常見的有有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：等。如： We saw a light

15、 burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning?As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.

16、I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我決不會(huì)做那種事了。你看吧，我決不會(huì)做那種事了。 2) 表示表示“致使致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，常見的有意義的動(dòng)詞，常見的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：3. see, hear, feel, watch等動(dòng)詞之后用等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher ma

17、king the experiment. 我們走過教室，看見老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。我們走過教室，看見老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。 （只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師（只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師 正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)）正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)） 前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而后者表示前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而后者表示（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如（或強(qiáng)調(diào)）動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如: We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)，看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)。我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)，看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)。 （一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實(shí)驗(yàn)）（一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實(shí)驗(yàn)）

18、如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是瞬間動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是瞬間動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)表示一次動(dòng)作，短語(yǔ)表示一次動(dòng)作， 而而-ing形式則表示反復(fù)動(dòng)形式則表示反復(fù)動(dòng)作。如：作。如： We heard the door slam. We heard the door slamming.( (反復(fù)動(dòng)作反復(fù)動(dòng)作) )( (一次動(dòng)作一次動(dòng)作) )4.當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)原來(lái)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如： They found the result very satisfying. = The result is

19、 found very satisfying. 這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. We mustnt keep them waiting. = They mustnt be kept waiting. 三、三、v-ing形式作表語(yǔ)形式作表語(yǔ) -ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后，用形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后，用來(lái)泛指某種動(dòng)作或行為，以說明主語(yǔ)的身來(lái)泛指某種動(dòng)作或行為，以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。如：份、性質(zhì)或情況。如： Her

20、 hobby is painting. 她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。 His concern for his mother is most touching. 他對(duì)母親的關(guān)愛很感人。他對(duì)母親的關(guān)愛很感人。 She was very pleasing in her appearance.Exercises Point out the usage of the ving form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone

21、 sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? sliding, bumping, falling 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介詞作介詞for的的_ including作作_賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 3. But he was lived by all

22、 who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him. overcoming作作_介詞賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ) 4. That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films. facing 作作_ 5. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. using 作作_定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)

23、6. Their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作作_ 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作作_表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) Explain the following phrases in simple English.a sleeping baga sleeping boy a drinking cup a drinking horse A bag for sleepingA boy that is sleepingA cup fordri

24、nkingA horse that is drinkinga dancing halla dancing girl a cooking pot a moving storyA hall for dancingA girl that is dancingA pot for cooking A story that is movinga washing machineA terrifying soundan operating table an inspiring leader A machine for washingA sound that is terrifyingA table for o

25、peratingA leader who is inspiringastonish, depress， play, do, ride, amuse, bark, welcome Choose the suitable words from the box below and fill in the blanks in the correct form. 1. I cant imagine Billy _ a motorbike. riding 2. Did you hear the dog downstairs _ for most of the night? 3. Frank is very

26、 good at telling funny jokes. He can be very _. 4. You cant stop me _ what I want. 5. He gave me a _ hug when he met me at the airport. barkingamusingdoingwelcoming 6. Jim has really learnt very fast. She has made _ progress. 7. Its been raining all day. This weather is _. 8. When I came out of the

27、theatre, I noticed a group of children _ musical instruments across the street. astonishingdepressingplaying Please read the sentences carefully, trying to pick out the errors and then correct them. 1. I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week. 2.Charlies job was

28、entertain people, wasnt he? visitingentertaining 3. Many people still enjoy seeing Charlie Chaplins silent films. 4. That cartoon picture shows Charlie Chaplin watch himself watching in a movie. 5. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter. watchingburst 6. We are all fond o

29、f Charlies early films, which we think are more interested. 7. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day. 8. I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight. interestingseeingseeing 用所給單詞的正確形式填空。用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your tee

30、th. 2.Tell Mary that theres someone _ (wait) for her at the door.3.The _(smile ) waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”4.A phone call sent him _ (hurry ) to the hospital. runningwaitingsmilinghurrying5. Do you know the boy _ (lie) under the big tree? 6. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail

31、) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 7.There are lots of places of interest _ (need) to be repaired in our city.8.The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ (fly) in all directions before he was sent _ (sleep) by his wife.lyingsailingneedingflyingto sleep 9. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ (burn) but the door _(shut).10. As is known to us all, traveling is _ (interest), but we often feel _ (tire) when we are back from travels.11. The woman found it no good _ (giv