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1、高一高二化學(xué)方程式匯總作者:日期:30高一高二化學(xué)方程式總結(jié)答:高中所有重要化學(xué)方程式現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下:無機(jī)化合物鹵素單質(zhì)及其化合物氟單質(zhì)I.居 +H3暗處2HF低溫2.F, +2Na=2NaF3.2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2 T4.2F2+2NaOH=2NaF+OF2+H 2O氟的化合物電解1.2HFK-H2 f 十月 KF2.4HF+SiO2=SiF4 T +2HO(腐蝕玻璃)3.6HF+CaSiO3=CaF2+SiF4 T +3HO(腐蝕玻璃)4 c巧 +H*S0.=CaS0.+2HFf 氯單質(zhì)點(diǎn)燃或光照,口/ 審燃2 .Cl2+2Na 2NaCl3 .Cl2+Mg MgCl2c點(diǎn)財(cái)c c4

2、 .Cl2+Cu=CuCl2點(diǎn)燃5.3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3 6.2Cl2+C=CCl4 7.3Cl2+2P2PCl3 8.5Cl2(過量)+2是篤PCl59.Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl10.3Cl2+2NH3=6HCl+N211.3Cl2+8NH3(過量)=6NH4Cl+N2 f12 .Cl2+H2s=2HCl+Sj13 .Cl2+2HBr=2HCl+Br214 .Cl2+HI=2HCl+I 215 .Cl2+H2OHCl+HClO16 .Cl2+2NaOH(冷)=NaCl+NaClO+H 2O 17.3Cl2+6NaOH(濃熱)=5NaCl+NaClO3+3H2O1

3、8.C12+2KOH(冷稀)=KCl+KClO+H 2O19.3Cl2+6KOH(熱濃)=5KCl+KClO 3+3H2O20.2Cl2+2Ca(OH2)=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O21.Cl2+H2SO3+H2O=H2SO4+2HCl22.Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br223.Cl2+2NaI=2NaCl+I224.Cl2+2KBr=2KCl+Br 225.Cl2+2KI=2KCl+I 226.Cl2+PCl3=PCl527.Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3氯的氫化物1.2HCl+2Na=2NaCl+H 2 T2.2HCl+2K=2KCl+H 2 T3.2HCl+Mg=M

4、gCl 2+H2 T4.2HCl+Ca=CaCl2+H2 T5.6HCl+2Al=2AlCl 3+3H2 T6.HCl+NH3=NH4Cl7.2HCl+Na2O=2NaCl+H2O8.2HCl+Na2O2=2NaCl+H2O29.2HCl+MgO=MgCl 2+H2O10.2HCl+CaO=CaCl2+H2O11.6HCl+Al 2O3=2AlCl 3+3H2O12.2HCl+CuO=CuCl2+H2O13.3HCl+ZnO=ZnCl2+H2O14.4HCL + kkO2=L4riC,l2 + 2H .0+ CU 115.2HCl+FeO=FeCl2+H2O16.6HCl+Fe2O3=2FeC

5、l3+3H2O17.8HCl+Fe3O4=FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O18.HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O19.2HCl+Mg(OH) 2=MgCl2+2H2O20.2HCl+Ba(OH) 2=BaCl2+2H2O21.3HCl+Al(OH) 3=AlCl3+3H2O22.2HCl+Cu(OH) 2=CuCl2+2H2O23.2HCl+Zn(OH) 2=ZnCl2+2H2O24.2HCl+Fe(OH)2=FeCl2+2H2O25.3HCl+Fe(OH)3=FeCl3+3H2O26.2HCl+Na2s=2NaCl+H2s T27.2HCl+K2S=KCl+H2St28.2HCl+Ca(

6、ClO)2=CaCl2+2HClO29.2HCl+Na2SO3=2NaCl+H2O+SO2 T30.2HCl+Na2CO3=2NaCl+H2O+CO2 T31.HCl+NaHCO3=NaCl+H2O+CO2 T32.2HCl+Na2SiO3=H2SiO3 J +2NaCl33.4HCl+Na4SiO4=H4SiO4 J +4NaCl34.2HCl+CaCO3=CaCl2+H2O+CO2 T35.2HCl+MgCO3=MgCl2+H2O+CO2 T36.2HCl+BaSO3=BaCl2+H2O+SO2 T37.2HCl+BaCO3=BaCl2+H2O+CO2 T38.HCl+AgNO 3=AgC

7、l ; +HNQ39.16HCl+2KMnO 4=2KCl+2MnCl 2+8H2O+5Cl2 T40.HCl+NH3=NH4Cl41.6HCl+KClO 3=KCl+3Cl 2 T +3HO氯的氧化物和含氧酸光 2HQO4 +p2o5 = ci3o7+zhpo3Cl2O7+H2O=2HClO4氯化物電解1 .) -= 2Na + Cl 2 t電解2.2Nad + 2H2O=2NaOH-bCL t |微琪42NaC1(固)+電5。/濃)&岫/Q + ZHC7 T5 2NaCl +阻/5(薇)+ MhO2=2NaHSO4 +MnSO4 +2H2O + C12 6 NaCl () -n NaHSG

8、4=Na:5O4 十HQ 微熱+1 KC1+H2SO4KHSO.+HC tAA82KC1 + 五25=電5。4 + 2HCtT9 .MgCl2+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2 J +2NaCl10 .NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl ; +NaNQ11 .KCl+AgNO 3=AgCl ; +KNC312.BaCl2+2AgNO3=2AgCl J +Ba(NO)213.BaCl2+Na2SO3=BaSO3; +2NaCl14.BaCl2+Na2SO4=BaSO4 ; +2NaCl15.BaCl2+(NH4)2SO4=BaSO4 ; +2NHCl16.AlCl 3+3H2O=Al(OH) 3+3HCl

9、17.AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH) 3 J +3NaCl18.AlCl3+3AgNO3=Al(NO 3)3+3AgCl J19.SiCl4+2H2=Si+4HCl20 .NH4Cl 二 NH3 T +HClt21 .NH4Cl+H2O=NH3 H2O+HCl22 .NH4Cl+NaOH=NaCl+NH3 T +HO23.2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2NH3 T +2HO24.NH4Cl+NaNONaCl+2H2O+N2 T25.NH4Cl+NaAlO 2+H2O=NaCl+Al(OH) 3 J +NHf26.NH4Cl+AgNO 3=AgCl ; +NHNO327.PCl3

10、+3H2O=H3PO3+3HCl28.PCl5+4H2O=H3PO4+5HCl29.CuCl2+Zn=ZnCl2+Cu30.CuCl2+2KOH=Cu(OH) 2 J +2KCl31.2AgCl 二 2Ag+Cl232.AgCl+2NH 3 H2O=Ag(NH) 3)2Cl+2H 2O 高溫33.12FeCl2+3O2= 2F及O3+8FeCl334.FeCl2+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2 J +2NaCl35.FeCl3+3NaOH=Fe(OH)3 J +3NaCl36.FeCl2+2NH3 H2O=2NH4Cl+Fe(OH)2 J37.2FeCl3+Cu=2FeCl2+CuCl 238.2

11、FeCl3+Zn=ZnCl2+2FeCl239.2FeCl3+Fe=3FeC240.FeCl3+3H2O=Fe(OH)3(膠體)+3HCl41.FeCl3+3NH3 H2O=Fe(OH)3 J +3NHCl42.2FeCl3+2HI=2FeCl2+2HCl+1243.2FeCl3+2KI=2FeCl2+2KCl+I 2氯的含氧酸鹽1.2NaClO+H2O+CO2=Na2CO3+2HClO 況皿2.2KClO3 2KCl+30 2 T澳單質(zhì)1.Br2+H22HBr2.Br2+2K=2KBr3.Br2+Mg=MgBr 24.3Br2+2NH3=N2+6HBr5.Br2+H2s=2HBr+Sj6.B

12、r2+2HI=2HBr+I 27.Br2+H2O=HBr+HBrO8.3Br2+3H2O=HBrO3+5HBr9.Br2+SO2+2H2O=2HBr+H 2SO410.Br2+2NaOH=NaBr+NaBrO+H 2O11.3Br2+6NaOH=5NaBr+NaBrO3+3H2O12.Br2+2NaI=2NaBr+I213.Br2+2KI=2KBr+I 2澳的氫化物1.4HBr+MnO 金=2H2O+MnBr2+Br2 T2.2HBr+H2SO4(濃尸Br2+SO2 T +2HO3.HBr+AgNO 3=AgBr J +HNO3澳化物1.2NaBr+2H2SO4(濃卡Ma2SO4+Br2 T

13、+S0t +2HO2 .NaBr+H 3PO4NaH2PO4+HBrT3 .NaBr+AgNO3=AgBr; +NaNQ4 .2KBr+H 2SO4K2SO4+2HBrT5 .KBr+H 2SO4=KHSO4+HBrt6.2KBr+3H 2SO4+MnO2=MnSO4+2KSO4+2H2O+Br26 .2KBr+4HNO 3(濃)=2KNO3+2NO2 T +Br+2H2O8 .KBr+AgNO 3=AgBr; +KNC39 .2AgBr _ 2Ag+Br2碘單質(zhì)I.I2+H2 = 2HI2.|2+2Na-2NaI3.I2+2K-2KI4.|2+H2O=HI+HIO5.I2+H2s=2HI+S

14、J6.3I2+6NaOH=NaIO3+5NaI+3H2O7.3I2+6KOH=5KI+KIO 3+3H2O8.I2+Na2s=2NaI+Sj碘的氫化物1.4HI+O2=2I2+2H2O2 2HI + 2Na=t3.HI+NaOH=NaI+H 2O4.2HI+Ca(OH)2=CaI2+2H2O5.8HI+H 2SO4(M)=412+H2S t +4HO6.HI+AgNO 3=AgI ; +HNO碘化物1.8NaI+5H2SO4=4I2+4Na2SO4+H2S+4H2O2.NaI+AgNO3=AgI ; +NaNO3.2KI+2H 2SO4=K2SO4+2H2O+SO2 T 冏4.2KI+2H 2

15、SO4+MnO2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2O+I25.KI+AgNO 3=AgI ; +KNQ無6.2AgIK2Ag+I2氧族單質(zhì)及其化合物硫單質(zhì)1.S+H2H2S2.S+2Na=Na2S 高溫3.2S+CCS24.S+Fe FeS5.S+3C+2KNO3=K2S+N2 T +3COT6.3S+6KOH=2K2S+K2SO3+3H2O7.S+2HNO3=H2SO4+2NO8.S+2H2SO4=3SO2 T +2HO硫的氫化物30CiC1.1 h2se3 + s1.2 2S+Mg=MgS+H2 T1.3 H2S+O2=2H2O+2S完全燃燒)1.4 H2S+3O2=2H2O+2SO2(完全燃

16、燒)1.5 H2S+SC2=3S; +2HO6 .H2S+NaOH=NaHS+H2O7 .H2S+2NaOH=N&S+2H2O8 .H2S+2KOH=K2S+2H2O9 .H2S+2HNO3=2H2O+2NO2 T +S;10 .3H2S+2HNO3(?。?3S ; +2NO +42O11.H2S+H2s04(濃)=2H2O+SO2 T +SJ12.5H2S+3H2SO4+2KMnO 4=K2SO4+2MnSO4+8H2O+5S;13.3H2S+8HCl+K2Cr2O7=2CrCl3+7H2O+3S; +2KCI14 .H2S+Pb(NO3)2=2HNO3+PbSj 棕黑色)15 .H2S+C

17、uSO4=H2SO4+CuSj 黑色)16 .H2S+2AgNO3=2HNO3+Ag2Sj 黑色)17 .H2S+CdSO4=H2SO4+CdSj 黃色)18 .H2S+Hg(NO32=2HNO3+HgSj 朱紅色)19 .H2S+2FeCl3=2FeCl2+S ; +2HCI20.H2S+Fe2(SO4)3=2FeSO4+S; +HSO4硫的氧化物HQ1留0巴丁說2.SO2+2NH3+H2O=(NH4)2SO33.SO2+H2O-H2SO34.SO2+CaO=CaSQ5.SO2+NO2=SO3+NO6.SO2+NaOH=NaHSO37.SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O8.SO2+Ba

18、(OH)2=BaSO3; +HO9.5SO2+2H2O+2KMnO4=2H2SO4+2MnSO4+K2SO410.SO3+H2O=H2SO411.SO3+Na2O=Na2SO412.SO3+MgO=MgSO4硫的含氧酸1.2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO42 .H2SO3+Na2O=Na2SO3+H2O3 .H2SO3+NO2=H2SO4+NO4 .H2SO3+2NaOH=Na2SO3+2H2O5 .H2SO4(濃)+3H2s=4SJ +4HO6 .H2SO4(濃尸 H2O+SO37 .H2SO4(?。?2Li=Li 2SO4+H2 T8 .H2SO4(稀)+Mg=MgSO4+H2 f9 .3H

19、2SO4(?。?2Al=Al 2(SO4)3+3H2 T10.H2SO4(稀)+Fe=FeSC4+H2 T11.2H2SO4(濃)+C=CO2 T +2HO+2SO2 T12.2H2SO4(濃)+Cu=CuSO4+SO2 T +2HO13.2H2SO4(M)+2Ag=Ag2SO4+2H2O+SO2t1.2 H2SO4(?。?Zn=ZnSO4+H2 T1.3 H2SO4(濃)+ZnAznSO4+SO2 T +2HO16.4 H2SO4(M)+3Zn=3ZnSO4+S ; +4HO16.5 H2SO4(濃)+4Zn=JznSO4+H2ST +4HO18.2 H2SO4(濃)+2HgAHg2SO4+

20、2H2O+SO2 T19.6 H2SO4(濃)+2Fe=Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2 T +6HO20.H2SO4+2NH3=(NH4)2SO421.H2SO4+NH3=NH4HSO422.3H2SO4+A12O3=Al 2(SO4)3+3H2O23 .H2SO4+CuO=CuSO4+H2O24 .H2SO4(稀)+FeO=FeSO+H2O25 .3H2SO4+Fe2O3=Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O26.6H2SO4(濃)+2FeS=Fe2(SO4)3+3SO2 T +2S; +6O27.H2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2H2O28 .H2SO4+NaOH(不足尸NaHSO4+H2O2

21、9 .H2SO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4 ; +2HO30 .H2SO4+Zn(OH)2=ZnSO4+2H2O31 .H2SO4+Cu(OH)2=CuSO4+2H2O32 .H2SO4+2NaHSOdNa2SO4+2H2O+2SO2 T33 .H2SO4+Na2SO3=Na2SO4+H2O+SO2 T34 .H2SO4(濃)+NaNOaffi=SNaHSO4+HNO3 T35 .H2SO4+2NaHCO3=Na2SO4+2H2O+2CO2 T36 .H2SO4+Na2CO3=Na2SO4+H2O+CO2 T37 .H2SO4+Na2SiO3=Na2SO4+H2SiO3,38.8H2SO4+

22、2KMnO4+10FeSO4=5Fe2(SO4)3+2MnSO4+K2SO4+8H2O39 . 2H2SO4+0a3(?04)2 = Ca(H2PO4H2CaSO4 過磷酸粘40 .H2SO4+CaCO3=CaSC4+H2O+CO2 T41 .H2SO4+Ba(NO3)2=BaSO4 ; +2HNO硫化物1 .Na2S+H2O=NaHS+NaOH2 .NaHS+H2O=NaOH+H2s3 .Na2S+Pb(NO3)2=PbS; +2NaNO4 .Na2S+CuSO4=CuS; +NaSO45 .Na2S+2AgNO3=Ag2S; +2NaNO6 .Na2S+FeSO4=Na2SO4+FeSj7

23、.3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)=6NaNO3+4H2O+3S; +2NOT8.Al 2S3+6H2O=3H2St +2Al(OH)49.3CuS+8HNO3=3Cu(NO3)2+3S; +2NOT +4HO10 .ZnS+2HCl=ZnCl 2+H2S T11 .Fe8-FeS+S燃燒11.4 TeS2-F11032Fe2O3 +3SO213.FeS+12HNO3(濃尸F(xiàn)e(NO3)3+H2SO4+9NO2 T +5HO硫的含氧酸鹽1.Na2SO3+S工-Na2s2O32.2Na2SO3+O2=2Na2SO43.Na2SO3+2AgNO3=Ag2SO3 ; +2NaNO4.2KAl(SO 4)

24、2+6NH3 H2O=3(NH4)2SO4+K2SO4+2Al(OH) 3 ;5.MgSO4+2NaOH=Mg(OH) 2 ; +N2SO46.CaSO4+Na2CO3=CaCO3 ; +N2SO47.CaSO4+Ba(NO3)2=Ca(NO3)2+BaSO4 J8.Al 2(SO4)3+6H2O=2A(OH)3+3H2SO49.Al 2(SO4)3+6NH3 H2O=2Al(OH) 3 J +3(NH)2SO410.(NH4)2SO4+Ca(OH)2CaSO+2NH3 T +2HO 高溫11.5 (NH4)2SO4=N2 T +4NHT +6HO+3SO2 T12 .CuSO4+Fe=Cu+

25、FeSO13 .CuSO4+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2 ; +N2SO414 .CuSO4+Ba(NO3)2=Cu(NO3)2+BaSO4,15 .ZnSO4+2NaOH=Zn(OH)2 ; +N2SO416 .ZnSO4+4NaOH=Na2ZnO2+Na2SO4+2H2O17 .CuSO4 5H2O=CuSO4+5H2O18 .FeSO4 7H2O,FeSO4+7H2O19 .Fe2(SO4)3+Fe=3FeSO4硒確的單質(zhì)高溫|1.Se+H2H2Se2.Se+O2 SeQ-硒硫氫化物和氧化物1.SeO2+H2O=H2SeO32 .H2SeC4+NH3=(NH4)2SeC43 .H2SeO3

26、+2NaOH=Na2SeO3+2H2O4 .Te+O2TeO25 .H2Te-H2+Te6 .H2Te+2NaOH=N&Te+2H2O7 .TeO2+H2O=H2TeO38 .TeO2+2NaOH=Na2TeO3+H2O氮族單質(zhì)及其化合物氮單質(zhì)局溫和放電2M02 M +犯高溫高壓催化劑MEZNH3.N2+3Ca Ca3N24.N2+3Mg高溫Mg3N25.N2+6Li=2Li 3N氮的氫化物sooC +1N2 t +3H3窗遮2. 4NH3+3O2-2N2+6H2Opt3. 4雙 + =4NO 6H2O4. 8NH3(過量)+3Cl2N2+6NH4Cl5. 2NH3(液)+2Na=2NaNH2

27、+H2 T6. 2NH3CO(NH2)2+H2O7.2NH3+3CuO J3CU+N2+3H2O8.NH3+H2ONH3 H2gNH4+OH-9.4NH3+Zn(OH)2=Zn(NH 3)4(OH)210.4NH3+Cu(OH)2=Cu(NH 3)4(OH) 211.NH3+HNO3=NH4NO312.3NH3+2H3PO4=(NH4)2HPO4+NH4H2PO4(安福粉)13.3NH3+H3PO4=(NH4)3PO414.2NH3+H2SO4=(NH4)2SO4氮的氧化物1.2N2O(笑氣)=2N2+O22.2NO+O2=2NO23.NO+NO2+H2O=2HNO24.NO+NO2+2NaO

28、H=2NaNO2+H2O5.N2O3+2KOH=2KNO 2+H2O6.2NO2(紅棕尸 N2O4(無色)7.3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO8.2NO2+2NaOH=NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O9.2N2O5=4NO2+O210 .N2O5+H2O=2HNO311 .N2O5+2KOH=2KNO 3+H2O氨水1 .NH3 H2ONH3f H2O2 .NH3 H2O+H2S=NH4HS+H2O氟化物3 .2HCN(無水)+2Li=2LiCN+H 2 T2.HCN+NaOH=NaCN+H 2O氮的含氧酸14HUO;- 2HaO+4NQa t +。/光2.2HNON2O3 T +HO+O2

29、T3.5HNO3+3P+2H2O=3H3PO4+5NOT4.5HNO3(濃)+3As+2H2O=3H3AsO4+5NO5.4HNO3(M)+C4NO2 t +2HO+CO2 T6.HNO3+8H=NH 3 T +3HO7.8HNO3(?。?3Cu=3Cu(NO3)2 T +2NO +42O8.4HNO3(濃)+Cu=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2 T +2HO9.4HNO3(稀)+3Ag=3AgNO 3+NO +2H2O10.2HNO3(濃)+Ag=AgNO3+NO2 T +HO11.10HNO3(極?。?4Zn=4Zn(NO3)2+NH4NO3+3H2O12.10HNO3(?。?4Zn=4Zn(

30、NO3)2+N20T +5或O13.8HNO3(?。?3Zn=3Zn(NO3)2+2NO +4H2O14.4HNO3(濃)+Zn=Zn(NO3)2+2NO2 T +2HO15.8HNO3(冷?。?6Hg=3Hg2(NO3)2+2NO +4H2O16.8HNO3(熱?。?3Hg=3Hg(NO3)2+2NO +4H2O17.4HNO3(濃)+Hg=Hg(NO 3)2+2NO2 T +2HO18.6HNO3(濃)+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+3NO2 T +3HO19.4HNO3(?。?Fe=Fe(NO3)3+NOT +2H2O20.4HNO3+Ni=Ni(NO 3)2+2NO2 T +2HO21.2H

31、NO3(濃)+P2O5=N2O5+2HPO322.2HNO3+MgO=Mg(NO 3)2+H2O23.6HNO3(濃)+Al 2O3ZAl(NO 3)3+3H2O24.2HNO3+CuO=Cu(NO3)2+H2O25.10HNO3(濃)+3FeO=3Fe(NO3)3+NOT +5H2O26.HNO3+NaOH=NaNO3+H2O27.2HNO3+Ca(OH)2=Ca(NO3)2+2H2O28.3HNO3+Al(OH) 3=Al(NO 3)3+3H2O29.2HNO3+Cu(OH)2=Cu(NO3)2+2H2O30.2HNO3+CaCO3=Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2 T31.6HNO2+4

32、NH3=2N2+3N2O+9H2O32.HNO2+AgNO3=AgNO2 ; +HNO氮化物1.Mg3N2+6H2O=3Mg(OH)2 J +2NHT2.Ca3N2+6H2O=3Ca(OH)2+2NH 3 T3.NaCN+H2O工 NaOH+HCN4.KCN+S=KSCN5.4FeCl3+3K4Fe(CN)6=Fe4Fe(CN)63 J +12KCl 普魯士藍(lán)6.3FeCl2+2K3Fe(CN)6=Fe3Fe(CN)62 J +6KCl滕士藍(lán)硝酸鹽1.NaNO3+H2SO4(濃今NaHSO4+HNO3 T2.2NaNO32NaNO2+O213.2AgNO342Ag+2NO2 f +Of4.2P

33、b(NO3)2-2PbO+4NO2 T +OT5.2Cu(NO3)2-2CuO+4NO2 T +OT6.NH4NO3=NH3T +HNO(較彳氐溫分角單)7.2NH4NO3=2N2 T+4HO+O2 T突然力口熱至高溫)8.2NH4NO3N2 f +2NO +4HO9.3NH4NO342N2 f +NO3+6H2O10.4NH4NO33N2 T +2NOT +8HOA11.5NH4NO34N2 T +2HNO+9H2O12.NH4NO3=N20T +2HO(190 308 )13.2AgNO3+Cu=2Ag+Cu(NO3)214.2AgNO3+2NaOH=2NaNO3+Ag2O; +H2O15

34、.3AgNO3+Na3PO4=3NaNO3+Ag3PCM16.NH4HCoANH3 T +HO+CO2 T磷單質(zhì)1.4P+3O2=2P2O3 (不充分燃燒)2.4P+5O2=2P2O5 (充分燃燒)3.4P+5O2+6H2O=4H3PO44.2P+Mg-Mg3P25.2P+3C-Ca3P26.2P+5FeO+3CaO=5Fe+Ca(PO4)27.4P+3KOH+3H2O=3KH2PO2+PH3 T8.PH3+2O2H3PO4磷的氧化物1 .P2O3+3H2O=2H3PO3高牖2 .P2O5+5C, 2P+5CO3 .P2O5+H2O=2HPO3(冷水)4 .P2O5+3H2O=2H3PO4(熱

35、水)5 .P2O5+2H2O=H4P207(焦磷酸)磷酸1.2H3P04H4P2O7+H2O 2.2H3P04+Ca0=Ca(H2PO4)2+H2O3.H3P04+Na0H=NaH2PO4+H2O4.2H3PO4+Ca(OH)2=Ca(H2PO4)2+2H2O5 .H3PO4+Ba(OH)2=BaHPO4 J +2H06 .H3PO4+Na2CO3=Na2HPO4+H2O+CO2 T7.4H3PO4+Ca3(PO4)2=3Ca(H2P04)28.H3PO4+CaHPO4=Ca(H2P04)2磷化物1 .Mg3P2+6H2O=2PH3 T +3Mg(OH2 J2 .Ca3P2+6H2O=2PH3

36、 T +3Ca(0H)磷酸鹽1 .NaH2PO4+NaOH=Na2HPO4+H2O2 .Na2HPO4+NaOH=Na3PO4+H2O3 .Na3PO4+H2O=Na2HPO4+NaOH4 .Ca(H2PO4)2+2Ca(OH)2=Ca3(PO4)2 J +4H05 .(NH4)3PO4 3NH3 T +HP041500C6 Ca3(P0Ja +效q- jCaSiO5 + 2P + 5C0 t種睇鈿單質(zhì)及其化合物西福1.4AS+3O2 2AS2O32.2As+6NaOH=2Na3AsO3+3H2 T3.2AsH32As+3H2 T4.As2O3+3H2O=2H3AsO35.As2O3+2NaO

37、H+H2O=2NaH2AsO36.4Sb+30242sb2O3濃田TO37.4 Sb + 55 士 砒通8.4Bi+3O22Bi2O3 9.Bi 2O3+3C-L2Bi+3CO T碳族單質(zhì)及其化合物碳單質(zhì)1.C+O2(充足尸CO22.2C+O2(不充足)2CONi3 c卜2瑪 2475C2000C4C+S1- SiC2000C5 CqHQ- COt電爐高溫+6 3C+ CaO -CaCs +C0 t其溫7 .C+2CuO2Cu+CO2 T高溫8 .C+Cu2O=2Cu+CO高溫9.3C+2Fe2O3=4Fe+3CO2 T高溫10.C+FeO Fe+CO 11.C+2PbO=2Pb+CO2 Ti

38、6oor12 3C + Si。-S1C + 2CO t 碳的氧化物占僧1.2CO+O2, 2CO22.CO+CuOCu+CO23.3CO+Fe2O3 - 2Fe+3CO24 .CO2+2Mg=2MgO+C5 .CO2+2Cu+H2O+O2=Cu2(OH)2CO36 .3CO2+4Fe+3H2O+3O2=Fe2(CO3)3 2Fe(OH)37 .CO2+H2OLH2CO38 .2CO2+2Na2O2=2Na2CO3+O2 T9 .CO2+CaO=CaCO310 .CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O11 .CO2+Ba(OH)2=BaCO3 J +HO12 .CO2+2KOH=K 2CO3+

39、H2O13 .CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3 ; +HO14 .CO2+CaCO3+H2O=Ca(HCO3)2碳的氧化物國燃1.2CO+O2- 2CO22.CO+CuOCu+CO2 3.3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO24 .CO2+2Mg=2MgO+C5 .CO2+2Cu+H2O+O2=Cu2(OH)2CO36 .3CO2+4Fe+3H2O+3O2=Fe2(CO3)3 2Fe(OH)37 .CO2+H2O:H2CO38 .2CO2+2Na2O2=2Na2CO3+O2 T9 .CO2+CaO=CaCO310 .CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O11 .CO2+Ba(OH)2=BaCO

40、3 J +HO12 .CO2+2KOH=K 2CO3+H2O13 .CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3 ; +HO14 .CO2+CaCO3+H2O=Ca(HCO3)2碳酸鹽鑲燒A1.MgCO3=MgO+CO2 T2 Li3CO5sooC其溫3 .CaCO3-LjlLCaO+CO2 T4 .Na2CO3+H2O=NaHCO3+NaOH、口昌 tn5 .Na2CO3+SiO2-Na2SiO3+CO2 T6 .Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=2NaOH+CaCO3,7 .Na2CO3+Ba(OH)2=2NaOH+BaCO3 J腐蟲B N絲CO? t CaCO3 d Ri5而元 Na步 * CaO *

41、 6SiO2 + 2CO2 f9.2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O+CO2 T10.NaHCO3+H2O:NaOH+H2CO311.NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O 12.Mg(HCO3)2,MgCO3+H2O+CO2 T13.Mg(HCO3)2+2Ca(OH)2=Mg(OH)2 J +2CaCOj +2HO高溫14.CaCO3+SiO2=CaSiO3+CO2 T15.Ca(HCO3)2+Ca(OH)2=2CaCO3 J +2HO硅、錯、錫、鉛單質(zhì)及其化合物1.Si+O2,:SiO2 2.Si+2FeO-SiO2+2Fe3.Si+2NaOH+H2O-Na2SiO3+2H2 T4

42、.SiO2+2Mg高混Si+2MgO百溫5.3SiO2+4Al =2Al2O3+3Si6.SiO2+CaOCaSiO3高溫7.SiO2+2NaOH=Na2SiO3+H2O8.SiH4+2O2=SiO2+2H2O(在空氣中自燃)9.H4SiO4=H2SiO3+H2O 10.H2SiO3SiO2+H2O 11.2H4SiO4+3Ca(OH)2=Ca3(HSiO4)2+6H2O12.Na2SiO3+2H2O2NaOH+H2SiO313.Na2SiO3+2HCl=H2SiO3 J +2NaCl 14.Ge+O2GeO2 15.H2SnO3SnO2+H2O 16.2Pb+Oz2PbO17.PbO+H2P

43、b+H2O堿金屬單質(zhì)及其化合物鋰單質(zhì)及其化合物1.2Li+H22LiH2.4Li+O2Li2O3.2Li+2H 2O(冷)=2LiOH+H 2 T4.Li2O+H2O=2LiOH鈉單質(zhì)及其化合物1.4Na+O2=2Na2O(空氣中)2.2Na+O2 :Na2O23.2Na+H2 二 2NaH4.2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2 T5.NaH+H2O=NaOH+H2 T6.Na2O+H2O=2NaOH7.2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2 T8.2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2 電廨9.4NaOH 7 肝 4Na+2H2O+O2 T10.2NaOH+2Al+2H 2O=2Na

44、AlO 2+3H2 T11.2NaOH+Zn+2H2O=Na2Zn(OH) 4+H 2 f12.2NaOH+Al 2O3=2NaAlO 2+H 2O13.2NaOH+ZnO=Na2ZnO2+H2O14.NaOH+H3AlO3=NaAlO2+2H2O15.2NaOH+Zn(OH) 2=Na2ZnO2+2H2O鉀、伽、葩單質(zhì)及其化合物1.4K+O2=2K2O(空氣中)2.2K+O2=K2O2(127C以上緩緩進(jìn)行)3.2K+2O-K2O4(純氧中)4.2K+2H 2O=2KOH+H 2 T5.2K2O2+2H2O=4KOH+O 2 T6.2KOH+Al 2O3=2KAlO 2+H2O7.2KMnO

45、 K2MnO4+MnO2+O2 T8.2Rb+2H2O=2RbOH+H2 T9.2Cs+O2=Cs2O2(室溫)10.2Cs+2H2O=2CsOH+H2 f11.Cs2O+H2O=2CsOH鍍、鎂、鈣、鍬、鋼單質(zhì)及其化合物鍍單質(zhì)及化合物點(diǎn)燃1.2Be+O22BeO 2.Be+H2O(氣尸BeO+H2 T3.Be+2HCl=BeCl2+H2 T4.Be(OH)2BeO+H2O5.Be(OH)2+2NaOH=Na2BeO2+2H2O鎂單質(zhì)及其化合物1.2Mg+O2-2MgO2.Mg+H 2O(氣)W MgO+H2 f3.Mg+Cl2MgCl24.Mg+S-MgS5.3Mg+N2- Mg3N26.2

46、Mg+CO2:二 2MgO+C7 .Mg+2HCl=MgCl 2+H2 T20001C8 .MgO + C-Mg + COt9 .MgCl2 6H20a Mg(OH)Cl+HCl J +5WO10 .MgCl2+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2 J +2NaCl11 .Mg3N2+6H2O=3Mg(OH)2 J +2NHT鈣單質(zhì)及其化合物1. Ca+H2、CaH22. 2Ca+O2=2CaO3. Ca+2H20 Ca(0H)2+H2 T4. CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2 鍬鋼單質(zhì)及其化合物 1.2Sr+O2, 2SrO懸壓2 Sr + 5 -SrO2點(diǎn)燃 3.2Ba+O22BaO懸壓5.BaO+H

47、2O=Ba(OH)26.BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2 f7.BaCO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2 T +H0再溫8.BaCO3=BaO+CO2 T硼、鋁、錢、鈿、鎧單質(zhì)及其化合物硼單質(zhì)及其化合物高溫1.4B(無定形)+3O2=2B2O32.B2O3+3H2O=2H3BO33.2H3BO3-B2O3+3H2O鋁單質(zhì)及其化合物1.4A1+3O 2=2Al 2O32.2A1+6H 2O=3H2 T +2Al(OH3(去掉氧化膜)3.2Al+C2OQAl 2O3+2Cr4.10A1+3V 2O5 - 5AI2O3+6V5.2Al+Cr2O3-Al 2O3+2Cr6.2A

48、l+MoO 3-AI2O3+MO7.2A1+WO3AI2O3+W8.4Al+3MnO 2-L-2Al2O3+3Mn9.8Al+3Mn3O4 4Al2O3+9Mn10.2Al+Fe2O3Al 2O3+2Fe11.8Al+3Fe3。一4Al 2O3+9Fe電解12.2A12O3 唔解 4Al+302 T13.2Al(OH) 3-Al 2O3+3H2O錢、鈿、鎧單質(zhì)1.4Ga+3OL2Ga2O32.4In+3O22In2O33.4T1+3O22TI2O3銅、銀、鋅、汞、鐵單質(zhì)及其化合物銅單質(zhì)及其化合物1.2Cu+O22CuOsoon2 46+Q-2C叼0sooC .3 . 4CnO2cbm 5 i4

49、 .Cu(OH)2CuO+H2O5 .Cu2(OH)2CO32CuO+CO2 T +HO銀單質(zhì)及其化合物懸壓1.4Ag + O:22Ag2。2.Ag2O+CH3CHO2Ag+CH3COOH鋅、汞單質(zhì)及化合物ioooC1 2Zn + O3 2Zn 02 .Zn+H2O(氣尸ZnO+H2 T3 .ZnO+2HCl=ZnCl 2+H2O4 .Zn(OH)2-=-ZnO+H2O5 .Zn(OH) 2+2HCl=ZnCl 2+2H2O6 .Zn2+2OH =Zn(OH)2=H+HZnO27 .2Hg+O2 2HgO8 .2HgO2Hg+O2 T9.HgCl2+Cu=Hg+CuCl2鐵單質(zhì)及其化合物高溫1

50、.2Fe+O22FeO(氧不足)高溫2.4Fe+3O22Fe2O33.3Fe+20AFe3044.3Fe+4H20(氣尸F(xiàn)e3O4+4H2 T5.Fe3O4+4H2 3Fe+4H2O喜溫6.4Fe3O4+O2 : L 6Fe2O37.4Fe(OH)2+2H2O+O2=4Fe(OH)38.2Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2O其它其它(過氧化氫、臭氧、水)1.2H2O2=2H2O+O2 t2.302_, 2034.2H2O=2H2 f +OT 5.2出十。2- 2H2O有機(jī)化合物烷姓烷燒制取! CnHsiCOCNaH-KTaOH 做二區(qū)N/Ck 2cH3coONa+NaOH典區(qū)可就年通t烷始裂化i

51、oooC1CH 。+犯2 2cH$150。急劇冷卻5%+ 3出3.C2HLe2H4+H2 4.C4H1LCH4+C3H65.C4H10T-C2H6+C2 H4烷姓的取代反應(yīng)1 .R-H+X2-R-X+HX2 .CH4+Cl2r-CH3C1+HC13 .CH3CI+CICH2CI2+HCI4 .CH2CI2+CI2 + CHC13+HC15 .CHC13+C12-CC14+HC1烷爛的氧化反應(yīng)點(diǎn)箔1.CH4+2O2 CO2+2H2O不完全燃燒2.2CH4+O22CO+4H23.CH4+O2J-Ll HCHO+H 2O口4.2C2H6+7O2 4CO2+6H2O5 2aH-55 jS4CH00H+

52、2Hz0烯睡烯燒制取1.CnH2n+1OH,丁一CnH2n f +HO34濃 &S04 .2 .C2H50H - CH2=CH2f+HO3 .CnH2n+lX+KOH 2CnH2n+KX+H 2。4 .CH3CH2Br+KOH里CH2=CH2 T +KBr+H20烯姓的氧化反應(yīng)3n 川姚1 .CnH+ Q 3 口 8戶洱。2 .C2H4+302 =2CO2+2H2O3.2C3H6+9026CO2+6H2O4.2C2H4+O2”12CH3CHO烯姓的加成反應(yīng)jmu1 .CH2=CH2+H2O 盛源 CH3CH20H2 .CH2=CH2 +Br2 *CH2-產(chǎn) 8r Br傕佝U3 .網(wǎng)-筑=田+&

53、。濕-丁強(qiáng) OH4 .CH2=CH2+HCl-CH 3 CHCl5.CH3-CH=CH2+HBf6,阻一,二CH計(jì) HBr二烯姓的性質(zhì)3 . CHw=CHCH=CHz+Bn4 .洱=CHCH =洱+2BqBr Br,CHCH=C9嗎BiBhy H-pqH2Br Br Br Er第三節(jié)快燒l.nCH2= CH-CH = CH2 儂玨殂- CH=CH-CH* 3n 2,CH2=CH-CH = CHf+R%*CEa= CH-CH-OIi42快姓的制取500-3000731 .CaO+3CCaC2+COt2 .CaC2+2H2OC2H2 T +Ca(OH)S.CH-CH-CHaBr Br快姓的加成和氧

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