句子成分2013918

1、英語句法英語句法語法系列一語法系列一英語的基本成分有七種：英語的基本成分有七種： 主語（主語（subject） 謂語（謂語（predicate） 表語（表語（predicative） 賓語（賓語（object） 賓語補足語賓語補足語 ( object complement) 定語（定語（attribute） 狀語狀語 (adverbial)主語：是句子要說明的人或物主語：是句子要說明的人或物, 主語一般在句主語一般在句首。首。1) Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.2) He reads newspapers everyday.3) Two and six

2、is eight.4) Smoking is harmful to the health.5) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.7) The rich should help the poor. 8) It is necessary to master a foreign language.謂語謂語: 可以由及物動詞、不及物動詞或者系動可以由及物動詞、不及物動詞或者系動詞充當(dāng)，說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征。詞充當(dāng)，說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征。1) The

3、 new term begins on the 1st of September.2) Her father is an engineer.3) She seemed tired.4) Li Hua showed me his album. 5)He practices running every morning. 6) You may keep the book for two weeks. 7) He has caught a bad cold. 賓語賓語:賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。及物動詞和介詞后面。1) Wang Lin

4、g lent me a novel to read in the bus.2) How many notebooks do you want?3) My little sister always likes to ask questions.4) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?5) He asked me what I was going to do in summer.6）I dont think it polite to speak with your mouth full.賓語補足語賓語補足語:在賓語后面補充說明在賓語后面補充說明 賓語賓語

5、 的動作的動作,狀態(tài)狀態(tài),特征等情況。特征等情況。1) The headteacher appointed him monitor of our class.2) His father named him Dongming. 3) They painted their boat white.4) Let the fresh air in.6) We saw her entering the room. 7) We found everything in the lab in good order.表語：是謂語的一部分，它位于系動表語：是謂語的一部分，它位于系動 詞如詞如be之后，說明主語身份，

6、特征，之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。屬性或狀態(tài)。1) Wangs father is a doctor.2) He is always careless.3) The speech is exciting.4) The weather has turned cool.5) Our aim is to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The question is who can really repair the machines. 系動詞系動詞 本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語

7、，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、表語（亦稱補語），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。性質(zhì)、特征等情況。1）狀態(tài)系動詞）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞一詞2）持續(xù)系動詞）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況 或態(tài)度，主要有或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand3）表像系動詞）表像系動詞用來表示用來表示“看起來像看起來像”這一概念，主這一概念，主 要有要有seem, appear, look, 4）感官系動詞）感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有感官系動詞主

8、要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 5）變化系動詞）變化系動詞主要有主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,定語定語:是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用短語或句子，漢語中常用的的表示。表示。 1) Guilin is a beautiful city. 2) China is a developing country while America is a developed country.3) Our monitor is always the first to e

9、nter the classroom. 4) He is reading an article about how to learn English.5) There is nothing to do today. 6) The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. 7) This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、

10、程度、目的等。方向、程度、目的等。 1) She sings quite well. 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He is in the room making a model plane. 4) He is proud to have won the match. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German. 6) Once you begin, you must continue.英語五種基本句型：英語五種基本句型： （主謂）（主謂） We wo

11、rk. （主謂表）（主謂表） He is a student. （主謂賓）（主謂賓） She has bought a dictionary. O （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓） My father bought me a bike. （主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補） His joke made all of us laugh. 注：其他各種句子都可由這些基本句型擴注：其他各種句子都可由這些基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。Translation:1. Jim 看起來很健康?？雌饋砗芙】怠?. 他失業(yè)了。他失業(yè)了。3. 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄

12、來的信。4. 我們大家都相信我們大家都相信Jack 是一個誠實男孩。是一個誠實男孩。5. 我父親上周給我買了一輛新自行車。我父親上周給我買了一輛新自行車。 Jim looks very healthy. He is out of work. I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. My father bought me a new bike last week. 6. 他們把門推開了。他們把門推開了。7.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。我想乘船去那里更舒服些。8.我認(rèn)為與那個人談話是無益的。我認(rèn)為與那個人談話是無益的。9.他們成功地完成了計劃。他們成功地完成了計劃。10. 她知道如何與別人友好相處。她知道如何與別人友好相處。 They pus