閱讀理解5（主旨大意）

1、Welcome to our class!Strategies on getting main idea 望城一中劉銀香1、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題(questions of details)2、詞義猜測(cè)題、詞義猜測(cè)題(words in context)3、推理判斷題、推理判斷題(questions of inference)4、主旨大意題、主旨大意題(main idea)Question forms:常見(jiàn)的題干形式如下：大意類(lèi)： The main idea of the passage is . What is the passage mainly about?How is the text

2、organized?Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?標(biāo)題類(lèi)：標(biāo)題類(lèi)：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?The best title for the passage might be .作者意圖類(lèi)：作者意圖類(lèi)：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？ The authors purpose . is to show .內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)d e t a i l sParagraph ide

3、asPassage ideaHow to get How to get the paragraph idea?the paragraph idea?尋找主題句尋找主題句(topic sentence)一般每個(gè)段落都有一個(gè)句子表達(dá)這個(gè)段落的中心思想，這個(gè)句子叫做主題句(topic sentence) ，其他句子則圍繞主題句進(jìn)行說(shuō)明或闡述，這些句子叫做支撐句（supporting sentence). 整篇文章就是 通過(guò)這些主題句表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。Lets practice1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show t

4、hat cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get

5、 an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? （1.5分鐘） A. Smoking can cause cancer. B. Smoking is a terrible killer C. Smoking is harmful to our health. D. An experiment on smoking. Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Practice：2 Often no one looks more

6、guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. （1分鐘）分鐘）What is the main idea of the p

7、assage? A. A professional criminal looks more innocent than others. B. Dont judge others by appearance. So, it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance 3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79

8、. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buy

9、ers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. (2.5分分鐘鐘) The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. TV On Sale This sales method is called “bait and switch”.誘售法誘售法主題句的特點(diǎn)：主題句的特點(diǎn)：1. 相對(duì)于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括。2. 主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單。

10、3. 段落中其他句子必定是用來(lái)解釋、支撐 或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的思想的。4. 60%-90%的主題句出現(xiàn)在段落的第一句，有一小部分出現(xiàn)在句尾，但也有在段落中間出現(xiàn)的。Make full use of the topic sentence and Make full use of the topic sentence and reading will be easier and simpler.reading will be easier and simpler.利用主題句閱讀，巧解閱讀難題利用主題句閱讀，巧解閱讀難題第一類(lèi)題型是：標(biāo)題類(lèi)第一類(lèi)題型是：標(biāo)題類(lèi)Which of the followi

11、ng is the best title for the passage?Para1: This is the winners key to success._Para2: Winners are great at overcoming problems. Para3: This is what being a winner is all about_creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. 第二類(lèi)題型是：作者意圖類(lèi)第二類(lèi)題型是：作者意圖類(lèi)The aut

12、hor writes the passage to _.Para1: However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment._Para2: Some sports are resource-hungry. Para3: There are many environment-friendly sports. _Pa

13、ra4: Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. _第三類(lèi)題型是：內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)第三類(lèi)題型是：內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? Para1: We are paying for products that harm us psychologically a

14、nd physically（身體上）（身體上）._Central pointPara2:Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, _Para3: On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. _Point 1Sub-point 1Sub-point 2Para4:The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they

15、 have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. _Para5:Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Point 2conclusion第四類(lèi)題型是：大意類(lèi)第四類(lèi)題型是：大意類(lèi)The passage is mainly about_.Para1:As a result, celebrities have realized their

16、 unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others products to developing their own. _Para2:As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life._Para3:However, for every suc

17、cess story, theres related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. _Para4:Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. _為什么短短幾個(gè)主題句就可以解決閱讀理解為什么短短幾個(gè)主題句就可以解決閱讀理解中難度最大的題型？中難度最大的題型？主題句就像佛珠中的那根線(xiàn)，把零散的內(nèi)容串成一根主題句就像佛珠中的那根線(xiàn)，把零散的內(nèi)容串成一根鏈，清晰明了。這樣一來(lái)，文章的脈絡(luò)，作者的寫(xiě)作鏈，清晰明了。這樣一來(lái)，文章的脈絡(luò)，作者

18、的寫(xiě)作思路一目了然，對(duì)整體把握文章非常有利。思路一目了然，對(duì)整體把握文章非常有利。相反，如果把文章讀完再去做這種整體理解題，就相反，如果把文章讀完再去做這種整體理解題，就會(huì)有弊端。因?yàn)槟惬@取的支離破碎的信息片段越多，會(huì)有弊端。因?yàn)槟惬@取的支離破碎的信息片段越多，你受到的干擾就越大。反而讓你舉棋不定。你受到的干擾就越大。反而讓你舉棋不定。原因其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單。我們只是原因其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單。我們只是充分利用了文章的寫(xiě)作特充分利用了文章的寫(xiě)作特征，把握了文章框架結(jié)構(gòu)征，把握了文章框架結(jié)構(gòu)。突破方法突破方法 英語(yǔ)文章的第一段永遠(yuǎn)很重要，很可能包英語(yǔ)文章的第一段永遠(yuǎn)很重要，很可能包含文章的主旨。含文章的主旨。 英語(yǔ)文章每段的第一句話(huà)或最后一句話(huà)也英語(yǔ)文章每段的第一句話(huà)或最后一句話(huà)也 很重要，很可能是段落的主題句。很重要，很可能是段落的主題句。 可以利用可以利用“三出現(xiàn)三出現(xiàn)”原則解題：文章的標(biāo)原則解題：文章的標(biāo)題題 或主旨很可能就是文章中出現(xiàn)的或主旨很可能就是文章中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞、 不能出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)詞不能出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)詞和和不能出現(xiàn)新的關(guān)鍵詞不能出現(xiàn)新的關(guān)鍵詞。TIPSPut yourself in th