2022屆高考英語復(fù)習(xí)講義：閱讀理解題型分類解題訣竅.docx

1、22屆高考英語閱讀理解題型分類解題訣竅（含答案）From JaneG 一是確立定位詞，注意人名，時間，范圍等，以免定位錯誤，例如【示例 01】The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote （促進）the trading and selling of good

2、s. In （he Middle Ages, merchants employed "town criers" to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements （ads） could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.What was advertisin

3、g like in the Middle Ages?A. Merchants were employed to promote products.B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.C. Product information was included in books.D. Ad signs were put up in towns.答案：B【示例 02 （2019 年全國卷 I） During the rosy years of elementary school （小學(xué)）,I enjoyed sharing my dolls

4、and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found mysel

5、f.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.答案：C二是找到文中定位詞所在的句子，注意一定要看完整，切忌斷章取義！ ！ ！ ！ ！ ！特別的愛給特別的你：1、關(guān)鍵名詞的定語、同位語成分；2、相關(guān)連詞however, therefore, so等；3、有態(tài)度、情 緒暗示的詞，如 concern, worry, not clear, promising, inviting, heart beat wildly

6、。例如：【示例 03 A cheaper way to produce hydrogen involves using methane （甲烷）and Carbon Capture and Storage（CCS）. some experts argue it might make more sense at scale （規(guī)模）,but might not be as clean. However, thanks to sources like tidal and wave energy, Orkney creates more clean electricity than its citi

7、zens need. Even after exporting to the UK, the islands' winds, waves and tides generate about 130% of the electricity its population needs.How does Orkney produce hydrogen?A. By using methane.B. By using green electricity.C. By using the CCS technology. D. By using by-products of burning petrol.

8、答案：B三是對比原文和選項，拿出挖掘愛豆信息的耐心和孫悟空的火眼金睛，正確答案通常會變裝，特別關(guān)注同義詞的轉(zhuǎn) 換。切記：不要你覺得！ ！ ！憑印象或者常識做題是靠不住的，一切眼見為實，一定要仔細比照選項！ 干擾項1. 文中不同內(nèi)容的嫁接和篡改2. 文中沒出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容3. 對文中提到的內(nèi)容在范圍上進行放大或者縮小4. 前半句對，后半句錯具體事實的羅列（推理題）【示例 04 .Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in edition with woodcuts. I said. "Don't you find parts of it ra

9、ther heavy going?" She answered “Oh, sure, but I just skip over （hose parts and go on to the next good part.,Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading

10、 tasks.C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.答案：C29. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz bei

11、ng less popular with （he young. D. The jazz audience becoming larger. 答案：C爵士樂的觀眾持續(xù)減少、變老，沒能夠連接年輕的-代，因此選C。 Passage 2 （2017-全國卷 ID 篇）A build-it-yourseif solar stili （蒸IS器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in th

12、e U.S. Department of Agriculture, ifs an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5' x 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six

13、 feet of plastic tube, and a container perhaps just a drinking cup io catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feel deep. Try to make the hole in a da

14、mp area to increase the water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up and out the side of the hole. 33. What does the underlined phrase "the water catcher

15、, in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube. B. The still. C. The hole.D. The cup.答案：B【解析】猜詞題-定冠詞the+n0"To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity.”，要建一個運行的蒸餛器需要挖一個洞，使這個洞位于潮濕的疝方來增加 這個蒸餡器的工

16、作效率五、詞義猜測Passage 1 （2019-全國卷 IB 篇）But he's nervous. 'Tm here to tell you today why you should . should." Chris trips on the "-Id," a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. 4.Vbtc fbr .me .&

17、quot; Except fbr some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What docs the underlined word “stumbles" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Sil

18、ly jokes.25. A 詞支猜測題。根據(jù)第二段 I'm here to tell you today why you should.should.Chris trips on the "-Id”，a pronunciation difficulty fbr many non-native English speakers.以及后文 except fbr some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well,可知，Chris發(fā)-Id這個音比較困難，這對于英語不豆母語的學(xué)習(xí)者來說都是一個困難，總體來說Chris 做得出奇得好。根據(jù)前文可知

19、，-Id發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)，因此有些結(jié)巴，停頓得不準(zhǔn)，故選A。Passage 2 （2018-全國卷 IC 篇）Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,industrialization. the development of the nation-state and the spread of unive

20、rsal compulsory education. Especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 29. Which of the following best cxplains"dominant" und

21、erlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem.29.猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英語、西班牙語和漢語正在替代其他語言。由此推知dominant languages意為：強有力的語言。故選C。 Passage 2 （2015 江蘇卷）Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedom's challen

22、ge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what wc arc going to do with it.Some 2,500years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt

23、 and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece, in Athens （雅典），a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if fre

24、e men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert. The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To m

25、ake yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of

26、 the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. 65. What does the underlined word"tyrannies"in Paragraph 2refer to?A. Countries where their people need help.B. Powerful slates with higher civilization

27、.C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power. 答案：D tyrannies的同位語one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses 個很有權(quán)勢的人統(tǒng)治一群無助的人， D項“用絕對權(quán)力來統(tǒng)治的政府”與此意思相近。六、短語、句子的意義-往往是猜測隱形意圖The underlined part in . implies .Passage 1 （2018-江蘇卷）When it comes （o adaptation,

28、it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard,but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least.the US National Climate Assessment says that: "There is no 'one-size fits all' adaDt

29、ation." Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies.A. adaptation is an ever-changing process B. the cost of adaptation variesC. Global warming affects adaptation forms D. adaptation to climate change is challengi

30、ng 答案:A劃線句前有This is,而this說明了答案是前面一句。根據(jù)定位句的climate change is a process和to a constantly shifting set of conditions 可知劃線意思,ever-changing 相當(dāng)于 constantly shifting七、意圖文章的寫作意圖根據(jù)不同的文體大致分為：To entertain .多見于故事類的文章。To advertise 多見于廣告類的文章。在這樣的文章中，作者通過介紹產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、旅游景點、報刊雜志、影片、 電視節(jié)目等來達到宣傳的目的。To inform/stress.:多見F科普類、

31、新聞報道類的文章。作者主要是想說明情況或闡明事理。To persuade .多見于議論文及評論類的文章。作者是為了說服讀者接受或贊同自己的觀點。 To thank / apologize I invite .多見于書信體的文章。實驗研究的意圖般為支持前文提到的某個觀點；首段的舉例-定為了引出文章主題，文章中的舉例-定為了 證明前文的觀點，為前文提供輔助信息。Passage 1 （2019-全國卷 IB 篇）Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked （he childr

32、en one day （o raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to leam to boast （夸耀）about themselves.26. Wc can infer that the purpose of Whaley'

33、;s project is to.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students' public speaking skillsC. prepare students fbr their future jobsD. inspire students' love fbr politics26. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段 Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants

34、 these kids to leam to boast about themselves.以及最后一段"Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities/5 Whaley says, "is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confldcnt.,可知，這個課程不僅僅教孩 子閱讀以及公共演講，還要讓孩子學(xué)會夸耀自己，而夸耀自己對于那些進入教室沒有信心的學(xué)生來說很困難，故可 知，Whaley老師這么做是為了幫助學(xué)生認(rèn)識自己的優(yōu)勢

35、增加信心，故選A。Passage 2 （2019 年全國卷 IC 篇）As data and identity （heft becomes more and more common, （he market is growing fbr biometric （生q勿測量） technologies-like fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, （hough.Researchers from Georgia Tech

36、say that they have come up with a low-cost device （裝置） that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence （節(jié)奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like

37、 the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to regardless of whether someone gets the p

38、assword right.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. Tb improve accuracy in typing.C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.答案：D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的 At present, these technologies arc still expensive, though.和第二段的 Researche

39、rs from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.可 知，研究者們開發(fā)智能鍵盤是為了降低e-space保護的成本.故選D“Passage3 （2018 年全國卷 ID 篇）To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of T

40、echnology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we slop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation Desktop computers

41、, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and c-rcadcrs showed up in 2007.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B.

42、 To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.33.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked

43、the environmental costs fbr each product throughout its life 可知，Babbitt's team研羌的目的是弄清楚這些設(shè)備用了多少電。故選D。Passage 4 （2018 年全國卷 IB 篇）The eight-part series（系列節(jié)自），Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the

44、vast range of health products on the market.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize （he previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for （he readers.C. Add sonic background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.26.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的 which gave viewers advice on h

45、ow to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.可知，Save Money: Good Food 節(jié)目是 Save Money: Good Health 節(jié)目之后，給觀眾一些建議： 如何從眾多的市場上的健康產(chǎn)品中獲取價值。故選C。Passage 5 （2018 年全國卷 ID 篇） Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion（熱情）fbr discovery and

46、 lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It's an amazing accomplishment and one wc cannot achieve without ge

47、nerous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacific to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?A.To encourage donations.B.To advertise coming events.C.To introduce special exhi

48、bits. D.To tell about the Center's history. 答案 A八、血點態(tài)度Passage 1 （2018 年全國卷 ID 篇）We may ihink we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new. but a new study shows that wc keep using our old devices（裝置）well after they go out of style. That&#

49、39;s bad news fbr the environment and our wallets 一 as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. 32. What docs the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. Th

50、ey go out of style quickly.32.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的 That's bad news fbr the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than （he newer ones that do （he same ihings.可知，使用舊的電 了 設(shè)備對環(huán)境和我們的錢包都 是壞消息。這些過時的設(shè)備做相同的事情要消耗比新設(shè)備更多的能量。由此推知作者認(rèn)為新電子設(shè)備環(huán)保、節(jié)能。 故選AoPassage 2 （2017 年全國卷

51、 IB 篇）I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying （o help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.A nervous night to be sure,but some

52、times the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and

53、 would probably continue to do so.27. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It's unexpected. B. It's beautiful. C. It's humorous. D. It's discouraging. 答案：B【解析】定位到最后一*段"A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all", 并結(jié)

54、合后文，貓頭鷹的父母找到了，所以，這是一個美好的結(jié)局。因此，選擇B。鞏固訓(xùn)練"Today's young people arc competing with each other in order to meet societal pressures to succeed, and they feer that perfectionism is necessaiy in order to feel safe, socially connected and of worth," lead study author Thomas Curran, a social psy

55、chologist at the University of Bath, said in a statement.The rise in perfectionism could be affecting young adults' mental health, as there has been an increase in levels of depression （抑郁）and anxiety among college students in recent years, Curran said.35. What's Thomas Curran's attitude

56、 to perfectionism?A. Uncaring. B. Negative. C. Approving. D. Ambiguous.答案：B九、主旨大意Part A Passage 1 （2019 年全國卷 I D 篇）Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers

57、. The likables, plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and. when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there,s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

58、33. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.答案：A 主旨大意題。第-.段"Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into

59、two categories: the likable and the status seekers.”可知，臨床心理學(xué)教授Mitch Prinstein蔣受歡迎的人分為兩類：討人喜歡的人和追 求地位的人。該句是段落主題句，本段內(nèi)容分別對the likable和the status seekers做了解釋，所以本段主要介紹了 受歡迎的人的分類，故選A。Passage 2 （2018 年全國卷 IC 篇）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lol more going. When the the world was still populated by huntcr-gathcrcrs,small, tightly knit （耳關(guān)系）groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other