大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作講義

1、api dvekt ec e vt xr. a d - c statefdgaa. ea eicwkaseelaags-sdeats u u - t a-ari-agaesv-d-eeeas x-gte-tcu-adsgessvegedsxeeccifectt.rlr tssemeva u一.“eleme-gescesae<r e gageecgtecr-xsage-tavlcuts d su is as、ff-. gee一at.g8 sss t-Bg .Ne 9 20. t .5 ye s g et.- e-e-mags-geecgd-ct-t.y5yesrt- tta-ecg-efm

2、ak-ue8e-eerceae-tt-aermaee-auP-t.ssget-cg-s-re-g-m-r a eca-dd e-es-tRas-ae t a- dsa-esegfm-gsdce-tt-aag.tea-、et-v-etermus-s eate-es8est-a-a-eme-ceew-t-gaea- -ccu-s-ao-g-ca c - ts utt ermr-ct_c-te-t-eT-.-a-vcsve-u-gaae-j-euw-s-eys tgec s ut wectaetjc-tgaen-g-rac-rtacNe903. s ss.tBg-98 5e-rs ss e c-j-

3、setcr-tcta-ae-ia-c-t-R-ac-ceaeessstpetate-aes-w-erae-.t.e-s-g c- e as red s uctt-gtet-cBueugetate e es c-ssaeeet-M-ta-y s - - ws ss e gerr-ytcs e tt ese大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作講義一、 題型介紹寫(xiě)作（writing）部分測(cè)試學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá)的能力，所占分值 比例為15%,考試時(shí)間30分鐘。寫(xiě)作選用考生所熟悉的題材。考生 根據(jù)規(guī)定的題目和所提供的提綱、情景、圖片或圖表等，寫(xiě)出一篇不 少于120詞的短文。寫(xiě)作要求是思想表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、意義連貫、無(wú)嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)

4、 法錯(cuò)誤。二、寫(xiě)作話題和體裁分析：1）寫(xiě)作話題來(lái)說(shuō)基本分兩大類：1 .校園生活2 .熱點(diǎn)話題2）體裁：1 .議論文2 .說(shuō)明性議論文3 .敘事性議論文4 .說(shuō)明文重點(diǎn)：議論的基本能力三、評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：2分-條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎。5分一基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤， 且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。8分一基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語(yǔ)言 錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。11分一切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。14分-切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好。基本上無(wú)語(yǔ) 言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。字?jǐn)?shù)不夠酌情扣分：90-99:扣一分80-89

5、: 扣兩分70-79: 扣三分60-69:扣 5 分50-59:扣 7 分例題：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “ PracticeMakes Perfect You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the Outline below:1 .怎樣理解“熟能生巧”？2 .例如：在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中3 .又如：14 points Sample

6、:It is a famous saying that practice makes perfect. The truth of it is self-evident. The more you practice, the more skillful you will be. Moreover, you will find better ways of doing things. As everyonee a s- c s t.l e a- l ela e .pv- s s i t a d.It. ek.t.- tt v- u . c-g. ac .e isF a-.ts c ea eas s

7、 i2s- 4 61y e. ag.g.l.-f一. a - .u.e.msut a-c-g sgs.isake c y.a s-s- sst.gl 2 -s ak-agfrl t u.F. lt . y3 e- -.-e ye. .ea et- d - f- a-a. - -l - .- sta.te-ess.lt-st-e l- .u a t.t ee-su-awe e d - a-.ac-g ta . s .-a-st u-at.-p y e-.-.yel -l ttte - e-.-st- i. e s - eeea-sl.-e s. se- u-.ef se- se us . ee.

8、 . u.- at.-.a - s- e e -.alts-.e -ca.-e et .-a.- l t-a-st-l tlmlse-l- e- - -gs-ls .l -e.g t llul s-a e.ls c- u.e - e ea- lu -s .a.ess.eele-wk- e u-e d -eve -l u l geese ea- -e kt yea -g d u- .tas- . ye-.-le y s -.- g e.ele -tal ee-a e e -se u - sagas.ts e e-ls . e a e sa t -Committee members,decisio

9、ns,such as members ofthe Ce ntral MilitaryCommission.The second ple nary se ssion,is heldi n twose ssi ons beforethe ge neralele ction, mainly to discuss anewState personnelissu es. But byt hethird18session to be hel coor dinate deconomic,politicad inBeiji ng fromNovel,cultural,socialahe thirdhe par

10、ty's construction inthe areaonalreform.hensive reform ofinstitutional guaranteesforprogress ofthe constro brceasketrhveabarnritesr' odfuitdyeas,aconsumpt inodndfaurrtehteor.bIempl nefitecmureentingbaarriers.n"honDesetepcaeni nntgeerenf"o,rsmtaandndar odipzeenoifnfigcialeup isnteorn

11、tasincihe dunlgemtoanaacghieemveeinstintut;tieonnahlasncaifneggutarhetelecodmsmofutnhiemnde conomi c life ofthecountry hasmadeimportant deployment.Inaccorda nce withPRC politi cal pra ctice, oftenateverysession oftheCPCCentralCommittee ina plecan see, practice helps us to be efficient.When we study

12、English, we have so much to learn, such as Grammar, vocabulary. In order to learn it well, we need much practice. We must read a lot, write a lot and listen to a lot. Only through practice can we have a good command of it. Do remember to practice if you want to speak English fluently and express you

13、rself freely.Another case in point is typing. A good typist can type fast and accurately. But you will not be surprised at her performance if you know how much time she has spent practicing. Through practice, she has both her typing speed and accuracy to be improved.It goes without saying that pract

14、ice makes perfect. Since all of us have realized the importance of practice, why not put it into practice?本文最大的特點(diǎn)是連貫性好。作者在文中用了大量的連接詞，如：moreover, as, when, in order to, if, but, sin灌； 第二段還用了一個(gè) only 開(kāi)頭的倒裝句，收到了很好的效果；文章的最后一句與標(biāo)題呼應(yīng)，意味深長(zhǎng)。11 points sample:We all know that Practice Makes Perfect. But how to

15、grasp its spirit is still a problem. When you fist do a special job, you will find it is hard for you to complete it very quickly and correctly.lenary sessi on,ea ch sessi on oftheCe ntral Committeeofnationalinstituti onsa nd personnel problemshavebee narrange d,you can conce ntrateon nationaldevel

16、opme ntand reforms.Previouspl enary se ssion is often brande dwith a centralleadi ngcollective ,oftenbyl ooki ng atthe third plenum ofthe i nit iative to foundthe currentcentralleader shi pcoll ectivegover nance characteri stics.Fromthe analysis of theprocess of economicreform inChina, pl enaryse ss

17、i on, 12session, 14,16 ple narysession havepr ogrammaticmeaning, respectively, marking thefourstages ofChina'seconomic reform,astmarketeconomy.Previousple nary sessiontopink,"shi fted to socia list modernizati on;12 session marked thechange fromruralto urba n,esta blished wit hpublin bot ht

18、he oldand thedinati onofpower restrictionand mecha nismst ostrengthen anticonomic-corruption institutiorder ;14 . Fairand efficienta>>.11 - L onal innovation andinstitutind a uthoritative Socialional protesafeguard the pes interests.Legalauthorityto upholdthe Constitution,deepenary session, bu

19、il ding asociali st culturein Chi na,enhancingning t he reform ofadministrative lawenforcemenationalcultural soft power, must a dhere t o theoripower i ndepe nde ntly andimpartiallyaccor ret othedev elopmentofSocialistculturewitheprchanism ofju-. 一d work-orieove thesystem ofjudipeni ng reformofcultc

20、ialprote ction of huma nrights.Pl enary sessiure.o improve the cult uralmanagement sydher etothe system, andletthe pe opleaJ .一 . .he modern market systemand buildiequitableof powerfulsystem,ishing and preventipromoti ng political integritoplet he mostchieve,and better meetThe way to solve this prob

21、lem is to practice. After some time, when you do it again, you will find you can do it better than before. It is because your practice makes perfect.It is very important to remember many new words when you study English. At first, perhaps you can not remember so many new words in short time. Then yo

22、u need practice. When you practice more and more, you will find it is not so difficult to remember new words, there is many rules in their spellings. The more you practice, the more rules you can grasp. Then you can easily remember new words.For another example, if you are asked to play baskerball,

23、perhaps you ' veiever toughed basketball before, perhaps you can not control the ball and can not shoot. That ' not a problem. The success lies in practice. If you practice more, soon you can became a good player. You can control the ball freely and shoot precisely.If you don ' t trust i

24、t, just try it.整篇文章表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，結(jié)尾無(wú)力。api dvekt ec eit x.a - c statef8 sst- Bej g - Novee 9 20. t 25 ye s g etd.y seie-magL-g e-lu. s -ag- ctL uctt v e-m- s ct.c-t e-itr e作文自我批改評(píng)分表:扣題及結(jié)構(gòu)字?jǐn)?shù)語(yǔ)法及單詞錯(cuò)誤書(shū)法連貫及文米好中差多中少少中多好中差好中差542120320210210近11年四級(jí)考試作文題目:年份四級(jí)作文題目2009.6Free Admission to Museums2008.12Li

25、miting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags2008.6Recreational Activities2007.12What electives to Choose2007.6Welcome to Our Club2006. 12On the CCTV Spring Festival Gala2006. 6On Students ' Selecting Lectures2006.6Volunteers Needed2005. 12Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?2005.6In Ho

26、nor of Teachers on the Occasion of T eacher ' s Day2004.12A Campaign Speech2004.6A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction2003. 12A Letter in Reply to a Friend2003. 6An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident2002.12It Pays to Be Honest2002.6Student Use of Computers2002.1A Letter to the Univ

27、ersity President about the CanteenService on Campus2001. 6A letter to a Schoolmate2001.1How to Succeed in a Job Interview?2000.6Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?2000.1How I Finance My College Education?1999.6Reading Selectively or Extensively?1999.1Don' t Hesitate to Say“ No”三、寫(xiě)作技巧：議論文的思路與練

28、習(xí)a.看到題目做分析，然后“思維風(fēng)暴”，把你想要寫(xiě)的方面的內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞寫(xiě)在紙上。把大的題目化小，從細(xì)節(jié)入手，小處細(xì)處見(jiàn)真情練一練：1) Don' t hesitate to say“No”(1991.1)2) The influence of Internet3) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities (1998.1)b.逆向思維，從命題的對(duì)立面去思考問(wèn)題，大談如果缺失該事物將會(huì)怎樣。練一練：1) The importance of fresh drinking water2) Advantages of a Harmonious FamilyCommitte

29、e members,deci sions,such as members ofthe Ce ntral MilitaryCommission. The second ple nary se ssion,is heldi n twose ssi ons beforethe ge neralele ction, mainly to discuss anewState personneli ssu es. But byt hethirdc. 分組或分層思考：分組：讀者或受眾的年齡，性別，國(guó)別等；專家，群眾；擁護(hù)者，反對(duì)者分層：政府，社會(huì)，個(gè)體(我)d. 舉例子兩種基本推理法常用于議論文中，一種是歸納

30、推理法(Induction) ,一種是演繹推理法(Deduction) 。歸納法是從個(gè)別(特殊)到一般的推理方法；演繹法則從一般陳述開(kāi)始，最后得出一般性的結(jié)論，是一種從一般到個(gè)別(特殊)的推理方法。1) 確信理解主題寫(xiě)作之前，仔細(xì)思考并確信已完全理解主題。2) 列出清單寫(xiě)之前可列出事物的好處和壞處，以便收集信息。3) 確立自己的觀點(diǎn)是支持，反對(duì)，還是兩邊說(shuō)4) 仔細(xì)組織理想的論述順序是從低潮到高潮，即按重要程度排列。文章結(jié)尾部分是最重要的地方，應(yīng)盡可能給讀者留下深刻印象。5) 加進(jìn)詳細(xì)資料以支持每個(gè)論點(diǎn)開(kāi)始寫(xiě)文章主體部分時(shí)，記住要用詳細(xì)資料支持每個(gè)論點(diǎn)。你需要提供事實(shí)、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字、實(shí)例等6) 得

31、出結(jié)論lenary sessi on,ea ch sessi on oftheCe ntral Committeeofnationalinstitutionsa nd personnel problemshavebee narrange d,you can conce ntrateon nationaldevelopme ntand reforms.Previouspl enary se ssion is often brandedwith a centralleadingcollective ,oftenbyl ooki ng atthe thirdplenum ofthe i nit ia

32、tive to foundthe currentcentralleader shi pcoll ectivegover nance characteri stics.Fromthe analysis of theprocess of economicreform inChina, pl enaryse ssi on, 12session, 14,16ple narysession havepr ogrammaticmeaning, respectively, marking thefourstages ofChina'seconomic reform,andthatthe start-

33、upphaseof reform,reform, construction phaseand perfectingt heSocialist marketeconomy frameworkstageofsocialistmarketeconomy.Previousple nary sessiontopicspropose dtothe t hird pl enary se ssi on of"takingcla ssstr uggleasthe key link,"shifted to socia list modernizati on;12 session marked

34、thechange fromruralto urba n,esta blished wit hpubli最后，需要一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的結(jié)論。在四級(jí)考試中，作者往往沒(méi)有時(shí)間寫(xiě)出非常詳盡的結(jié)論，那么簡(jiǎn)單寫(xiě)出一兩個(gè)結(jié)論性的句子也可以。 但要記住你的觀點(diǎn)要明確。記敘文思路與練習(xí)：“六大要素”即：時(shí)間（When）地點(diǎn)（Where）人物（Who）事件（What）原因（Why）結(jié)果（How）說(shuō)明文思路練習(xí)：1 .定義法2 .舉例法3 .分類法4 .比較法5 .數(shù)字法結(jié)構(gòu)組成：1） 段落基本結(jié)構(gòu)與寫(xiě)法：主題句-拓展句-結(jié)尾句2） 段落的連貫和完整：聯(lián)結(jié)詞的使用3） 句子的完整性，忌全篇使用短句子，要使用幾個(gè)長(zhǎng)句、復(fù)合句

35、e a s- c s t.l e a- l ela e .pv- s s i t a d.It. ek.t.- tt v- u . c-g. ac .e isF a-.ts c ea eas s i2s- 4 61y e. ag.g.l.-f一. a - .u.e.msut a-c-g sgs.isake c y.a s-s- sst.gl 2 -s ak-agfrl t u.四級(jí)作文通常是三股文：開(kāi)頭-中間-結(jié)尾，段落內(nèi)也是：主題句-拓展句 -結(jié)尾句一、 開(kāi)頭段：可以提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或者列舉一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，或者用引語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭，或者用設(shè)問(wèn)開(kāi)頭常用句型：(1)When asked aboutmost peop

36、le say(2)When it comes tosome people think(3) Now it is widely believed(4) In reaction to the idea, some people say(5) These days we often hear about(6) Many nations have b een faced with the problem(7) Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern(8) is another bitter truth we have to face now(9

37、) Nowadays there is a growing tendency(10) One of the great early writers said(11) “ Knowledge is power. ” Such is the remark of(12) Should we ? Opinions vary greatly.(13) A proverb says, “ You are only young once. ”(14) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(15) According to a rece

38、nt survey, about 70% of the collegestudents wanted to further their study after their graduation.二、文章主體寫(xiě)作絕招1、 善用引導(dǎo)詞可以把引導(dǎo)詞置于段首或文中比較顯著的位置，使文章更具條理性。推薦：1) to begin with, then, furthermore, finally2) to start with, next, in addition, finally3) first and foremost, besides, last but not least4) most import

39、ant of all, moreover, finally5) on one hand, on the other hand6) for one thing, for another thing7) in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly2、 多用書(shū)面語(yǔ)寫(xiě)文章時(shí)多用書(shū)面語(yǔ)。如：在表示“好”時(shí)，選擇generous, interesting,smart, gentle等詞要比單用nice效果好很多。DentaltoothCorporalbodyOculareyeAuralearCarnalfleshA

40、ccommodationroomsCeasestopComestiblesfoode a s- c s t.l e a- a ela e .pv- s s i t a d.It. ek.t.- tt v- u . c-g. ac .e isF a-.ts c ea eas s i2s- 4 61y e. ag.g.l.-f一. a - .u.e.msut a-c-g sgs.isake c y.a s-s- sst.gl 2 -s ak-agfrl t u.Committee members,decisions,such as members ofthe Ce ntral MilitaryCo

41、mmission.The second ple nary se ssion,is heldi n twose ssi ons beforethe ge neralele ction, mainly to discuss anewState personnelissu es. But byt hethird18session to be hel coor dinate deconomic,politicad inBeiji ng fromNovel,cultural,socialahe thirdhe party's construction inthe areaonalreform.h

42、ensive reform ofinstitutional guaranteesforprogress ofthe constro brceasketrhveabarnritesr' odfuitdyeas,aconsumpt inodndfaurrtehteor.bIempl nefitecmureentingbaarriers.n"honDesetepcaeni nntgeerenf"o,rsmtaandndar odipzeenoifnfigcialeup isnteorntasincihe dunlgemtoanaacghieemveeinstintut;t

43、ieonnahlasncaifneggutarhetelecodmsmofutnhiemnde conomi c life ofthecountry hasmadeimportant deployment.Inaccorda nce withPRC politi cal pra ctice, oftenateverysession oftheCPCCentralCommittee ina plelenary sessi on,ea ch sessi on oftheCe ntral Committeeofnationalinstituti onsa nd personnel problemsh

44、avebee narrange d,you can conce ntrateon nationaldevel opme ntand reforms.Previouspl enary se ssion is often brande dwith a centralleadi ngcollective ,oftenbyl ooki ng atthe third plenum ofthe i nit iative to foundthe currentcentralleader shi pcoll ectivegover nance characteri stics.Fromthe analysis

45、 of theprocess of economicreform inChina, pl enaryse ssi on, 12session, 14,16 ple narysession havepr ogrammaticmeaning, respectively, marking thefourstages ofChina'seconomic reform,astmarketeconomy.Previousple nary sessiontopink,"shi fted to socia list modernizati on;12 session marked thech

46、ange fromruralto urba n,esta blished wit hpublin bot hthe oldand theconomicorder ;14 . Fairand efficientand a uthoritative Socialisafeguard the pes interests.Legalauthorityto upholdthe Constitution,deepening t he reform ofadministrative lawenforcemechanism ofjuove thesystem ofjudicialprote ction of

47、huma nrights.Pl enary sessidher etothe system, andletthe pe opleauthority to letthepowerrcage ofthesystempower policy.Deci sion Scie nct ure openi ng. Ple nary se ssion, aof powerfulsystem,idinati onofpower restrictionand mecha nismst ostrengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation andinstituti

48、onal protenary session, buil ding asociali st culturein Chi na,enhancingnationalcultural soft power, must a dhere t o theorid work-orie-. 一peni ng reformofculture.o improve the cult uralmanagement syhe modern market systemand buildicculturalservi ce system, improvethe levelngdevel opment results mor

49、eequitableCommenceConcealDeemDispatchDonateDwellEdificeEndeavorEvinceExpediteExtendFeasibleFelicitateLocateObtainPartakePerchancePurchaseRemoveResideVeritableVesselbeginhidethinksend outgivelivebuildingtryshowhastengive possible congratulate findgetshareperhaps buytake away livetrueship>>.11 -

50、 L power i ndepe nde ntly andimpartiallyaccor ret othedev elopmentofSocialistculturewitJ .一 . .ng moder npubliunint he Sun,isshut up in aofcult1 I . I. .1shing and preventipromoti ng political integritoplet he mostchieve,and better meet3、 善用短語(yǔ)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)不僅能為文章增色，還能增加文章字?jǐn)?shù)，減輕字?jǐn)?shù)壓力。如：I cannot bear it. - I c

51、annot put up with it.I want it. - I am looking forward to it.4、善于變換句式(1)運(yùn)用串聯(lián)詞。相信每個(gè)考生都希望在作文中寫(xiě)出一些長(zhǎng)句，以 增加文章的可讀性，但句子越長(zhǎng)，失誤就可能越多，所以不少考生對(duì) 使用長(zhǎng)句戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢。解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法就是多使用串聯(lián)詞，如：and,besides, furthermore, likewise, moreovero 這些詞可以連接前后兩個(gè)有 先后聯(lián)系或并列關(guān)系的句子。I like sports and Jim is fond of drawing.Not only is the coat soft,

52、but also it' s warm.(2)運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)折句。在評(píng)論型作文中，先對(duì)自己反對(duì)的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行一些 正面評(píng)論，再用轉(zhuǎn)折性連詞或短語(yǔ)despite that, still, however,nevertheless, in spite o蹲引出自己的觀點(diǎn)，這樣做往往會(huì)讓論述更有 說(shuō)服力。The internet has brought people great convenience in getting information, entertainment and contact with others. However, it offers unhealthy programs t

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