2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：26個(gè)重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解

1、 2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：26個(gè)重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專題七 I、J、K字部1. illadj.生病的，有病的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：fall ill生?。籪eel ill感到不適；seriously/badly ill病重ill和sick的區(qū)別：表示“生病的”意義時(shí)，ill通常只作表語(yǔ)，跟在系動(dòng)詞后面，例如be/become/get/look/seem ill；表示“生病的”意義時(shí)，sick可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)，例如：A vet helps sick pets and other animals.獸醫(yī)幫助生病的寵物和別的動(dòng)物。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：illness=sickness n.疾?。ㄕ憬?，完形）_2_, thei

2、r economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的) situation changed when she became ill with laryngitis(喉炎) in 1894.2. A. AlthoughB. SoC. HoweverD. Besides2. imaginev.想象；設(shè)想imagine + 名詞或代詞：The house was just as she had imagined it.這房子正是她所想象的。imagine + that/wh-從句（that可省略），表示“胡亂猜想；認(rèn)為”：Close your eyes and imagine (that) you are in a for

3、est.閉上眼睛，設(shè)想自己在森林里。imagine + doing 想象做某事：Imagine doing a horrible job like that!想象一下做那種可怕的工作吧！imagine sb./sth. (to be)：The boy imagined himself (to be) a pilot.那個(gè)男孩想象自己是一名飛行員。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：imagination n.想象；imaginative adj.富有想象力的；imaginable adj.想象得到的；可想象的（浙江卷，閱讀B）But most people in the world live in fear of th

4、ings that they imagine.3. immediatelyadv.立刻，立即用法：immediately常常和一些詞搭配使用，比如：immediately after/following在之后立即；immediately before在之前立即；immediately behind/above/below/in front of sth.后面/上面/下面/前面緊挨著：the seat immediately behind the driver駕駛員正后方的那個(gè)座位詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：immediate adj.立刻的，直接的同義詞：immediately=at once=right aw

5、ay（浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）5.Betty felt so tired last night that she _ fell asleep in bed after lying down.A. recentlyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. immediately4. importantadj.重要的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：play an important role起到重要作用 用法：important后面可接介詞for/to，表示“對(duì)很重要”；常用語(yǔ)It is important (for sb.) to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“（對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)）做某事很重要”：It is importan

6、t to follow the doctors advice.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：importance n.重要性，價(jià)值；importantly adv.重要地（山東卷，閱讀B）So the family set out for Mongolia, where horses have been important for long.5. improvev.改進(jìn)，改善，提高；變得更好用法：improve可作及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)；也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，后面接狀語(yǔ)成分：Many wines improve with age (= get better as they get older ).很多葡萄酒年

7、代越久越香醇。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：improvement n.改進(jìn)，改善，提高；improved adj.改良的，改進(jìn)過(guò)的：improved technology（山東卷，詞匯運(yùn)用）50. Keeping English _ (日記) is a good way to improve English.6. includev.包括，包含include接動(dòng)詞的話，要接doing sth：Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone.你的職責(zé)是打信件和接電話。include A in/on B把A列入B的一部分，把A算入B：You

8、 should include some examples in your article.你應(yīng)該在文章里舉一些例子。常用including的形式，引出需要羅列的賓語(yǔ)：Hundreds were killed, including many women and children.數(shù)百人被殺，包括許多婦女和兒童。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：inclusion n.包含；內(nèi)含物；inclusive adj.包括的，包含的反義詞：exclude v.不包括，排除（江蘇卷，填空） 49. There (be) many things to enjoy about traveling, including the nat

9、ural beauty and delicious food.7. increasev.（使）增加；增長(zhǎng)；n.增加，增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)詞用法：increase可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：increase (sth.) (from A) (to B)，指“增加到”，表示結(jié)果；increase (sth.) (by sth.)，指“增加了”，表示幅度。例如：The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.人口已從120萬(wàn)增加到了180萬(wàn)。The population has increased by 0.6 millio

10、n.人口已增加到了60萬(wàn)。名詞用法：increase作名詞時(shí)，常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：an increase in sth.在某方面增長(zhǎng)：an increase in population在人口方面增長(zhǎng)；on the increase正在增加（增長(zhǎng)）：Chinas population is on the increase.中國(guó)的人口正在增長(zhǎng)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：increasing adj.越來(lái)越多的；漸增的：an increasing number of越來(lái)越多的反義詞：decrease v.下降（北京卷，閱讀C）This will increase the amount of information our

11、minds process and expand (增加) our experience of time.8. industryn.工業(yè)，行業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：food/car/paper industry食品/汽車/造紙工業(yè)；heavy/light industry重/輕工業(yè)；service industry服務(wù)行業(yè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：industrial adj.工業(yè)的，產(chǎn)業(yè)的；industrialize=industrialise v.使/實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化（北京卷，閱讀D）When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be sa

12、fe to forget.9. influencev.&n.影響（力）名詞用法：influence常搭配的介詞有on/upon/over，表示對(duì)有影響；常搭配的動(dòng)詞有have；常搭配的形容詞有big/great/good/bad/positive/negative/strong等。例如：Television can have a positive influence on young people.電視能對(duì)青年人產(chǎn)生積極的影響。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：influential adj.有影響力的；有勢(shì)力的；influentially adv.有影響地（山東卷，閱讀B）But Rupert faced

13、the greatest challenge of his life when, at the age of two, Rowan was diagnosed (診斷) with an illness that influenced his ability to communicate with others.10. informationn.信息，消息關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：information technology=I.T.信息技術(shù)；personal information個(gè)人信息；for information only僅供參考；information desk問(wèn)訊處用法：information是不

14、可數(shù)名詞，可用a piece of information表示“一條消息，一則信息”；在使用information的語(yǔ)境中，常用到for more/further information的句式，例如：For more information, please write to us.欲知更多信息，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)信給我們。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：informational adj.信息的；情報(bào)的（北京卷，閱讀C）The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.11. insistv.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 insist+ that從句：M

15、ike insisted that he was right.邁克堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。insist on/upon (doing) sth.：He insisted upon checking everything himself.他堅(jiān)持要親自檢查一切。（北京卷，完形）It was obvious who would _17_ .17. A. insistB. returnC. waitD. win12. insteadadv.代替，頂替；反而instead表示“替代”：He is too busy, let me go instead.他太忙了，讓我去吧；instead表示“反而，卻”，構(gòu)成

16、轉(zhuǎn)折：He didn't give John the money, but he gave it to me instead.他沒(méi)把錢給約翰，卻給了我；instead可以和of組成instead of結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“代替，替代”，后面需要接賓語(yǔ)：Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不僅沒(méi)有幫我們一把，反而嘲笑我們。（江蘇卷，完形）For the first few months I chose to eat in Sichuan Or Hunan style restaurants instead of eating much _16_

17、 food.16. A. freshB. localC. ChineseD. frozen13. instructionn. 說(shuō)明，須知；教導(dǎo)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：operation instructions操作說(shuō)明；常用復(fù)數(shù)instructions，表示“（用法）說(shuō)明，指南”，常見(jiàn)搭配為instruction on (how to do) sth.：Are there any instructions on how to plant the trees?有沒(méi)有植樹(shù)指南？instructions還可表示“命令，指示”，相當(dāng)于orders：Make sure you carry out the doctor

18、s instructions.你一定要遵照醫(yī)生的囑咐。instruction也可作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)，訓(xùn)練”：The school gives instruction in first aid.這所學(xué)校教授急救課。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：instruct v.指導(dǎo)；命令；instructor n.指導(dǎo)者；導(dǎo)師；instructive adj.有益的；教育性的（浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）7.The instructions tell us everything _ about how to make the model ship.A. by handB. by chanceC. in detailD. in

19、 person14. intentionn.目的，意圖關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：with good intentions好心，好意地；without intention無(wú)意地，非故意地；real intention真實(shí)意圖用法：常見(jiàn)搭配有have no/every intention of doing sth.：I have no intention of retiring just yet.我現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)打算退休。intention to do sth.：It is our intention to be the number one distributor of health products.我們的目標(biāo)是成

20、為保健產(chǎn)品第一大批發(fā)商。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：intentional adj.故意的，蓄意的；intentionally adv.故（有）意地；intend v.打算，想要：intend to do sth.打算做某事同義詞：purpose n.目的，意圖；goal n.目標(biāo)；進(jìn)球（浙江卷，閱讀D）Once a person ever offered four francs for Millets "Angelus", which he intended to sell for eight.15. interestn.興趣，趣味；利益；利息關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：place of interest名

21、勝古跡，好玩的地方；with (great) interest興致勃勃用法：interest表示“興趣，趣味”時(shí)，常和介詞in搭配，表示在方面的興趣。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞搭配有：have/show/express (an) interest in sth.有/表現(xiàn)出興趣；lose (all/ones) interest in sth.失去興趣。熟詞僻義：interest還有另外兩層含義：一是“利益”，常用短語(yǔ)有public interest公共利益；in ones own interests為了某人（自己）的利益；二是“利息”，常用搭配有interest rate利率。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：interesting a

22、dj.“有趣的，引起興趣的”，用于形容人或物的特征；interested adj.“感興趣的”，用于形容人的感受。試比較：My mum is quite interested in that interesting TV show.我媽媽對(duì)那檔有趣的電視節(jié)目相當(dāng)感興趣。（山東卷，閱讀表達(dá)A）My closest friend, Kim, has lost interest in school and studying.16. internationaladj.國(guó)際的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：international trade國(guó)際貿(mào)易；international organization國(guó)際組織（機(jī)構(gòu)）；i

23、nternational airport國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)；international market國(guó)際市場(chǎng)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：internationally adv.國(guó)際性地；在國(guó)際間：internationally famous國(guó)際知名；internationalis(z)e v.（使）國(guó)際化；internationalis(z)ation n.國(guó)際化（浙江卷，閱讀填空）8. The China International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since

24、 it 18 years ago.A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D. will be set up17. interviewv&t.采訪；會(huì)見(jiàn)；面試關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：job interview求職面試；radio/television interview電臺(tái)/電視采訪用法：interview作名詞時(shí)，常用于an interview for sth.；an interview with sb.；作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常用于interview sb. for sth.或interview sb. about sth.；詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：interviewee n.被接見(jiàn)者；被

25、訪問(wèn)者；interviewer n.會(huì)見(jiàn)者；面談?wù)?；進(jìn)行面試者（江蘇卷，閱讀B）For the topics of our newspaper next month we visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10 and interviewed some students.18. introducev.介紹；引進(jìn) 用法：introduce可表示“介紹”，常見(jiàn)搭配有：introduce A to B；introduce oneself to sb.；還可以表示“引進(jìn)，推行”，通常用于introduce sth. to/into sth.結(jié)構(gòu)：We

26、want to introduce the latest technology into schools.我們想向各學(xué)校推介最新的技術(shù)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：introduction n.介紹；引進(jìn)（浙江卷，閱讀B）32. This passage introduces _.A. an exercise to improve our fitnessB. an exercise to gain self-confidenceC. a way to keep balance when we jumpD. a way to avoid accidents when exercising19. invitev.邀

27、請(qǐng)，招待用法：invite的常見(jiàn)搭配有：invite sb. to sth.邀請(qǐng)某人參加；invite sb. to do sth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事；invite sb. for sth.請(qǐng)某人吃/喝。例如：invite me to a party請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)；invite me to take part in a party請(qǐng)我參加聚會(huì)；invite me for a drink請(qǐng)我喝一杯詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：invitation n.邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)?zhí)篿nvitation letter邀請(qǐng)函；by invitation憑請(qǐng)?zhí)ńK卷，完形）The Hill family owned the rights to

28、 the melody and had to be 25 every time the song was part of a commercial (商業(yè)的) production.25.A. paidB. praisedC. invitedD. warned20. joinv.參加；加入；連接關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：join hands with同攜手，同聯(lián)合 表示加入（團(tuán)體、組織、參軍），成為其中的一個(gè)成員：join the club/army加入俱樂(lè)部/參軍表示邀請(qǐng)某人一起加入：Will you join us for dinner?請(qǐng)你和我們一起吃飯好嗎？用join in表示參加某些活動(dòng)：Many

29、people join in the game every year.每年許多人參加這項(xiàng)比賽。（江蘇卷，閱讀D）If you really want to do more sport, you can join a club.21.joyn.歡樂(lè)，高興，樂(lè)趣 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：with joy高興地；tears of joy高興的淚水，喜極而泣用法：joy常搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)有：the joy of (doing) sth.（做）的喜悅；be filled with/be full of joy充滿歡樂(lè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：joyful adj.歡喜的，令人高興的；joyfully adv.高興地，喜悅地同義詞：happ

30、iness, enjoyment, pleasure, fun（浙江卷，閱讀C）The king was wild with joy. He ran around his palace and touched everything he saw.22.keepv.保持；保留；繼續(xù)詞形變化：過(guò)去式kept，過(guò)去分詞kept關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：keep up with趕得上；keep in touch with與保持聯(lián)系；keep pace with與并駕齊驅(qū)，保持同步；keep sth. in mind記??；keep an eye on sth.照看，留意keep用作系動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于stay，意為“（使）保

31、持，（使）處于（某種狀態(tài)）”，后面主要接形容詞等表語(yǔ)成分。例如：keep (sb.) warm/safe/awake保持（某人）暖和/安全/清醒。keep用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，主要有以下幾個(gè)意思：表示“繼續(xù)，重復(fù)”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為keep (on) doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事表示“保留，留存；存放”：keep the change不要找（零）了；keep sth. in a safe place把放在安全之處表示“遵守，保守”：keep the secrete保守秘密；keep your promise遵守諾言表示“記錄”：keep a diary記日記（江蘇卷，單項(xiàng)填空）3.- Keep quiet

32、! I need complete_ when I'm working.-Sorry dad. I won't make any noise again.A. trustB. silenceC. controlD. strength23.keyn.鑰匙；答案；鍵；關(guān)鍵；adj.關(guān)鍵的，重要的key作名詞時(shí)，常表示以下幾個(gè)意思：“鑰匙”：car keys車鑰匙；“（計(jì)算機(jī)的）鍵”：press the return key按回車鍵；“答案”：the key to the questions問(wèn)題的答案；“關(guān)鍵，重點(diǎn)”：the key to success成功的關(guān)鍵key還可以作形容詞，相當(dāng)于important，意為“關(guān)鍵的，重要的”：key word關(guān)鍵字；key point要點(diǎn)；your help is key to my success.你的支持是我成功的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)聯(lián)單詞：keyboard n.鍵盤(pán)（浙江卷，閱讀B）22. What does the writer try to tell us?A. Buying new things can make people happy.B. The key to happiness is making others happy.C. If you want to be ha