袁威學(xué)習(xí)筆記：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

1、袁威學(xué)習(xí)筆記直 接 引 語(yǔ)間 接 引 語(yǔ)1直接引語(yǔ)：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引述別人的話，前要加引號(hào).間接引語(yǔ)：間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不用引號(hào). 在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句.例例.John said, “I like reading story books.” John said that he liked reading story books。間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ) 1.直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 連接詞用that, 在口語(yǔ)中可省略. 引述動(dòng)詞用said, told等. 句型: 注意注意:可以說(shuō) said that從句, said to

2、 sb. that從句, told sb. that從句, 但不可說(shuō)told that從句. 2 He said, “Ive left my book in my room.” He told me that he had left his book in his room. He said to us, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 若直接引語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)可加可加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ),如 me,him,her,theu,you,us 等.但用to

3、ld間接引語(yǔ)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)必修加間接賓語(yǔ),句型: S told sb. 從句從句.加間接賓語(yǔ) me無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) us3時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)態(tài)變化 直接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 間接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在將來(lái)變過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)變過(guò)去, 過(guò)去變過(guò)去完成過(guò)去變過(guò)去完成, 過(guò)去完成不變過(guò)去完成不變.4人稱變化人稱變化一一隨隨主主二二 隨隨 賓賓 三三 不不 變變引號(hào)內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語(yǔ)的人稱保持一致引號(hào)內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后人稱不變She said,

4、“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis.He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.She said to me ,“ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted tohelp him.使間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱與直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱指向一致使間接引語(yǔ)中的人稱與直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱指向一致.5 2. 直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 連接詞用if或whet

5、her, 而引述選擇疑問(wèn)選擇疑問(wèn)句句時(shí)只能用whether, 疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序, 引述動(dòng)詞用asked, 句型: She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 1.She said to me, “I broke your CD player.” She told me that she had broken my CD player. 2.He said to her, “I broke your CD player.” He told her that he had br

6、oken her CD player. 二隨賓一隨主6 “Is this room yours or his?” He asked me whether this room was mine or his. He said to me , “I am learning English now.” He said to me that he was learning English then.3.3.直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),連接詞用特殊疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)詞,疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序. 句型: The teacher said, “What are you doing no

7、w?” The teacher asked me what I was doing then.加間接賓語(yǔ)加間接賓語(yǔ) me無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ)無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ)代詞指向，二隨賓間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) me He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. 加間接賓語(yǔ) me無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ)不加間接賓語(yǔ)me也可7時(shí)間變化時(shí)間變化next=followingbefore= earlier8 He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He t

8、old us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 加間接賓語(yǔ) us無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ) “Who is here?” he asked. He asked who was there.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)變化地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)變化 He asked, “Which school are you in?” He asked me which school I was in. He asked which school I was in.here there加間接賓語(yǔ) me無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ)二隨賓二隨賓不加間接賓語(yǔ)me也可9 “Why do you tell me

9、the answer to this question?” She asked why I told her the answer to that question.指示代詞變化指示代詞變化注意注意 如果直接引語(yǔ)是“Whats thematter?” “Whats wrong?” “Whats the trouble?”, 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)語(yǔ)序不變語(yǔ)序不變。 He said, “whats the matter with you? ” He asked me whats the matter with me.10 He asked,“How are you gettingalong?” He as

10、ked us how we were getting along.加間接賓語(yǔ) us無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ)二隨賓 He said, “We shall start tomorrow.” He said they would start the next day. “ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked. Jack asked me if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 加間接賓語(yǔ) me無(wú)間接賓語(yǔ) He a

11、sked, “ ?” He asked how far it was from tohome.三不變11 4. 4.直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句 變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式。據(jù)語(yǔ)氣不同語(yǔ)氣不同引述動(dòng)詞有tell, ask, order, beg, advise 等,句型：tell/ask/order /beg / advise sb.(not/never)to do sth. “Make sure the door is shut,” she said to her little son. She told her little son to make sure

12、the door was shut. “Dont cry any more,” he said to his little brother. He asked his little brother not to cry any more. He said to the boy,“ Come here, young man! ” He asked the boy to go there.方向動(dòng)詞變化12 I said to him, “Lets start at once.” I suggested to him that we should start at once. I suggested

13、 starting at once.直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Lets”開(kāi)頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用 “suggest doing sth./that we should do sth.”應(yīng)該 “Dont leave the door open after midnight,” said Mother. Mother told me not to leave the door open after midnight. 方向動(dòng)詞變化方向動(dòng)詞變化 He said , “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He ordered the boys not to make s

14、o much noise.135.直接引語(yǔ)為感嘆句直接引語(yǔ)為感嘆句變?yōu)橛梢龑?dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 He said, “How happy I am!” He said that he was very happy. He said how happy he was. He said, “What a fine day it is!” He said what a fine day it was. He exclaimed that it was a fine day. He said, “How fine the day is!” He said how fine the day was. 14 “Yo

15、uve already got well, havent you? ” she asked. She asked whether I had already got well(康復(fù)). 6. 直接引語(yǔ)為反意疑問(wèn)句直接引語(yǔ)為反意疑問(wèn)句 變成whether或 if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。15直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),從句時(shí)態(tài)不變. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” She often says that all men and women are equal under the law. 2.

16、直接引語(yǔ)的“ ”部分有具體具體的過(guò)去過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):過(guò)去某年,某月,某日時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ),時(shí)態(tài)不變. Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.省略that16 She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 3.直接引語(yǔ)的“ ”部分有以when,while,since引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間的

17、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不變變. 4.直接引語(yǔ)的“ ”部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或說(shuō)話時(shí)情況仍然存在的,變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。 The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 省略that17 She said to me, “You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.must, need, ought to,used to, had better, would rather, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)(should, might)等時(shí) “I should try my best next time.” Jack thought. Jack thought he should try his best the next time. 注注: must must / had to 6.直接引語(yǔ)的“ ”部分是諺語(yǔ)、格言時(shí) 18 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes