裕興新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記 第58課

1、Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise? 是因禍得福嗎？ Why does the vicar refuse to cut down the tree? The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years

2、 ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut

3、down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one o

4、f them has been struck down by sudden death! 參考譯文 據(jù)說(shuō)弗林利這個(gè)小村里有一棵“該詛咒的樹(shù)”。就因?yàn)閳?bào)上提到過(guò)這棵樹(shù)，所以現(xiàn)在來(lái)弗林利參觀的人越來(lái)越多。該樹(shù)是50年前栽在教堂附近的，但只是近幾年才得到了一個(gè)壞名聲。據(jù)說(shuō)，誰(shuí)要是觸摸了這棵樹(shù)，誰(shuí)就會(huì)交上惡運(yùn)；如果誰(shuí)摘了一片樹(shù)葉，誰(shuí)就會(huì)死去。很多村民相信此樹(shù)已經(jīng)害了不少人。人們?cè)?qǐng)求教區(qū)的牧師叫人把樹(shù)砍掉，但他直到現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有同意。他指出，由于人們從全國(guó)各地紛紛前來(lái)參觀這棵樹(shù)，它成了一個(gè)有用的財(cái)源。盡管有上述種種說(shuō)法，但游客們還是照常摘樹(shù)葉和把他們的名字刻在樹(shù)干上。然而到目前為止，還沒(méi)有一個(gè)人暴死呢！【

5、New words and expressions】（16）1 blessing blesi n.福分，福氣2 disguise disgaiz n.偽裝3 tiny taini a.極小的4 possess pzes v.擁有5 cursed k:sid a.可恨的6 increase inkri:s, inkri:s v.增加7 plant pl:nt v.種值8 church t:t n.教堂9 evil i:vl a.壞的10 reputationrepjutein n.名聲11 claim kleim v.以為其后果12 victim viktim n.受害者，犧牲品13 vicar

6、 vik n.教區(qū)牧師14 source s:s n.來(lái)源15 income inkm n.收入16 trunk trk n.樹(shù)干一、單詞講解blessing1)n. (single)神恩，福氣，福分，神的保佑，禱告ask for Gods blessing求神保佑say a blessing 做禱告a blessing in disguise初看似乎不幸，過(guò)后看來(lái)卻是幸事，禍中福count one s blessings 知足bless-blessed（過(guò)去時(shí)）-blessed（過(guò)去分詞）2)v. 求神賜福于某人或某事；賜予某人健康、幸福及成功eg. Bless those who are

7、hungry lonely or sick.求神賜福于那些饑餓、孤獨(dú)或患病的人。Mrs. White is blessed with 12 children.Mrs. White太太有12個(gè)孩子，真有福氣。God bless you!（用作感嘆，表示謝意或情義或別人打噴嚏時(shí)說(shuō)）You ve bought me a present? Bless you!你給我買(mǎi)了個(gè)禮物是嗎？太感謝你了！disguise1) n. 偽裝wear a bread as a disguise帶個(gè)絡(luò)腮胡子來(lái)偽裝一下eg. He was in disguise, so I couldnt recognize him.他喬

8、裝打扮過(guò)了，所以我沒(méi)認(rèn)出他來(lái)。She made no disguise of her contempt.她很露骨地表示輕蔑之意。2)v. 偽裝，假扮eg. I couldnt disguise my anger. 我掩飾不住自己的憤怒He disguise himself as a woman for fun.他男扮女裝，只為了好玩。disguise one s voice 改變說(shuō)話腔調(diào)，發(fā)假聲音tiny taini adj. 極小的tiny-tinier（比較級(jí)）-tiniest（最高級(jí)）small 小的little 小的（含有可愛(ài)之意）mini-構(gòu)成合成詞minibus 小公共汽車(chē)mini

9、skirt 迷你裙minicab 小出租汽車(chē)puny （貶義）弱小的，瘦小的，發(fā)育不完全的，未充分發(fā)揮的eg. A tiny little girl was singing very well on TV.一個(gè)纖小的女孩在電視上唱得很好。possess v. 擁有eg: They possess three cars.他們有三輛汽車(chē)。possess patience 有耐心possess courage 有勇氣be possessed with （尤指人的思想）被控制，支配be possess by（尤指人的思想）被控制，支配eg. She was suddenly possessed wit

10、h fear.她突然被恐懼的情緒所控制。eg. She was suddenly possessed by fear.她突然被恐懼的情緒所控制。Possession n.1)u(ownership) 領(lǐng)有，持有，具有eg. Ive had possession of this house for 7 years.我擁有這房子己經(jīng)七年了。2)c財(cái)產(chǎn)eg. He lost all his possession in the fire.他在大火中喪失所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。be in possession of 擁有eg. he is in lawful possession of a shotgun.他合法的

11、擁有一支獵槍。possessor n. 擁有者(owner)possessed adj.（被強(qiáng)烈的感情，惡魔等）纏附的，瘋狂的eg. He studied like one possessed. 他拼命用功。He fought like man possessed. 他進(jìn)行了殊死的戰(zhàn)斗Possession is nine points of the law.現(xiàn)實(shí)占有， 敗一勝九。（占有或控制某物者打起官司來(lái)總占上風(fēng)）cursed adj.可恨的，討厭的（定） (hateful，unpleasant)a cursed person -個(gè)可恨的人curse1)n. 咒罵的話，咒語(yǔ)be under

12、a curse 被詛咒的eg. the witch laid a curse upon the princess.這個(gè)巫婆詛咒這個(gè)公主the witch laid the princess under a curse.這個(gè)巫婆詛咒這個(gè)公主2)n. 臟話，咒罵之詞Go to hellConfound itYou shit!3)v. 詛咒eg. He cursed(at)his bad luck. 他詛咒他的壞運(yùn)氣I cursed her for spoiling my plans.因?yàn)樗茐奈业挠?jì)劃，所以我詛咒他。increase1)inkri:sv. 增加，增長(zhǎng)increase one s s

13、peed 加速eg. The population has increased greatly. 人口急劇增長(zhǎng)。increased profits 增大的利潤(rùn)2)inkri:sn. 增加的量a wage increase 工資增加額an increase of nearly 50% over last year.比去年差不多增加百分之五十a(chǎn) 50% increase 百分之五十的增長(zhǎng)同義詞：add to 增加，增加到raise 提高，增加grow 增加，成長(zhǎng)enlarge 變大，擴(kuò)大，增大反義詞：decline （數(shù)量，力量，權(quán)力等）削減decrease 變少，變小reduce 減少plant

14、1)n. 植物，樹(shù)術(shù)wild plant 野生植物garden plant 花園里的植物plants and animals 動(dòng)植物2)n. 工廠，生產(chǎn)設(shè)備a chemical plant 化工廠a power plant 電廠3)n. （在犯罪，陰謀等集團(tuán)臥底的）眼線，坐探eg. They discovered that he was a police plant.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是警察的臥底。4)V. 種植，栽種eg. We re going to plant trees around the house.我們打算在房子周?chē)N滿(mǎn)樹(shù)eg. Famers should know the time t

15、o plant.農(nóng)民應(yīng)該知道種植的時(shí)間。5)布置，安頓，固定eg. Policemen were planted along the route of the parade.警察被部署在旅行的路線上。planter 種植者或花盆church n. 教堂，禮拜，禮拜儀式go to church去教堂churchgoer按時(shí)去教堂做禮拜的人attend church 去做禮拜at church 在做禮拜in church 在做禮拜eg. Church begin at 9 oclock. 禮拜在9點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。They are at church. . 他們?cè)谧龆Y拜as poor as a church

16、 mouse 一文不名 類(lèi)似：go to school 去上學(xué)go to university 去上大學(xué)go to college 去上大學(xué) be out of hospital出院be sent to prison入獄 be at work 在上班evil1) adj.道德敗壞的，邪惡的an evil reputation一個(gè)惡名聲2) adj. 令人不快的，壞的，有害的an evil smell 難聞的氣味an evil temper 壞脾氣evil weather 惡劣的天氣give sb the evil eye惡毒的目光an evil tongue 說(shuō)人壞話的惡習(xí)reputation

17、1)C名聲eg. He has a good reputation as a doctor.他是個(gè)名聲很好的醫(yī)生。He has a bad reputation as a doctor.他是個(gè)名聲很差的醫(yī)生。She has a reputation for generosity.他因慷慨大方而出名。have a reputation for laziness 以懶惰出名He has the reputation of being spiteful.他的壞心眼是出了名的。2)信譽(yù)establish a reputation樹(shù)立聲譽(yù)build up a reputation make a repu

18、tationeg. He is eager to win a reputation.他渴望獲得名聲。If the fact is published, it will ruin your reputation要是事實(shí)被公開(kāi)了，會(huì)影響你聲譽(yù)的。Live up to one，s reputation 不負(fù)盛名，行為與聲望相符claim1)V. 要求，索要（應(yīng)得的權(quán)力和財(cái)物）；索賠claim the insurance 索取保險(xiǎn)金claim the reward 要求獎(jiǎng)賞2)v. （指災(zāi)難，事故等）使（某人）失蹤或死亡eg. The earthquake claimed thousands of v

19、ictims.地震造成成千上萬(wàn)的人死亡。3)v. 聲稱(chēng)，聲言，斷言3)V. 聲稱(chēng)，聲言，斷言claim to do-（某人）聲稱(chēng)曾經(jīng)eg. He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa他宣稱(chēng)曾看過(guò)蒙娜麗莎（那幅畫(huà)）。claim that-,例 : The lawyer claimed that the defendant(被告 )was not guilty.那個(gè)律師聲稱(chēng)這個(gè)罪犯是無(wú)罪的。4)n. 索賠5)n. 權(quán)力，資格eg. They have no claim to this property.他們沒(méi)有資格取得財(cái)產(chǎn)。victim1)犧牲者，受害者suffer

20、er 犧牲者，受害者the victims of a plane crash空難事件的受害者the victims c of a swindler 受勁鬲eg. Those children arc the sad victims of their parents divorce. 那些孩了是父母親離婚的受害者。2)（祭神的）祭品，犧牲品fall(a)victim to成為的犧牲品eg. A man like you easily falls victim to the greed of others.像你這樣的人容易成為別人貪婪的犧牲品。vicar（英國(guó)國(guó)教的）郊區(qū)牧師minister 基督

21、教的牧師priest pri:st 基督教會(huì)的神職人員，牧師，神父rector n. （英國(guó)國(guó)教的）牧區(qū)長(zhǎng)；天主教的教區(qū)首席神甫curate n. （英國(guó)國(guó)教會(huì)的）助理牧師black coat 牧師source n.1)河流的發(fā)源地(starting point of a river)the source of the Nile 尼羅河的發(fā)源地eg. This stream has its source in Qinghai.這條河起源于青海2)來(lái)源，出處a limited source of income 有限的收入來(lái)源news from a reliable source 來(lái)源可靠的消息e

22、g. Idleness is the source of all evil.諺）懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源。eg. Idleness is the root of all evil.（諺）懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源the source of the trouble紛爭(zhēng)的原因3)消息來(lái)源，出處，可靠的根據(jù)historical sources 史料eg. I got the news from a reliable source.我的消息非?？煽俊 source book原始資料income 收入（最通用的詞）eg. What s your income? 你的工資怎么樣？eg. I have an income of

23、 200 dollars a week.我每周的收入是200美元earned income 工作所得unearned income 非工作所得eg. My income isnt enough to support my family.我的收入不足以維持家庭生計(jì)。pay 工資wage 周薪salary 月薪bonus 獎(jiǎng)金，紅包trunk1)樹(shù)干eg. The trunk of that fir is about 2 meters thick.那個(gè)冷杉的樹(shù)干有兩米粗。2)軀干eg. He had a powerful trunk. 他身材偉岸。3)衣箱eg. She packed her tr

24、unk. 她把衣箱填滿(mǎn)了。4)干線，主流The trunk of the Nile 尼羅河的主流5)trunk call（英）長(zhǎng)途電話(long distance call)長(zhǎng)途電話二、關(guān)鍵句型Key structures被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)l、有些動(dòng)詞置于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，可采用兩種形式：1)to-不定式即：be done to2) that從句即 it is said that這兩種形式通常沒(méi)有意義上的差別，但由于不定式結(jié)構(gòu)更為簡(jiǎn)單，所以經(jīng)常用不定式。eg. People say that he is a genius. 人們說(shuō)他是天才。He is said to be a genius. 他被說(shuō)是個(gè)天才。

25、It is said that he is a genius. 據(jù)說(shuō)他是個(gè)天才。2、當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中的任何一個(gè)都可做被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，但間接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)較為常見(jiàn)。eg. The manager offered the vacant post to him.經(jīng)理把空缺職位給了他。He was offered the vacant post. 他被給了空缺職位。The vacant post was. offered to him. 空缺職位被給了他。Exercise:把句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1)She gave me a pen. 她給我一支筆。 I was given a pen.

26、A pen was given to me.2) People say that there is oil under the north sea.人們說(shuō)北海下面有石油。There is said to be oil under the North Sea. It is said that there is oil under the North Sea.3)They are sending him abroad. 他們正在送他出國(guó)。He is being sent abroad. He asked me to wait for him. 他讓我等他。I was asked to wait f

27、or him.5)The police has found your wallet. 警察找到了你的錢(qián)包。Your wallet has been found (by the police). 三、課文講解TextThe tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree. It is said that the tiny village of Finley possesses a cursed tree.Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of vis

28、itors to Frinley has now increased. mention 對(duì)說(shuō)，提到，提及mention to sb 對(duì)某人說(shuō)eg. He mentioned to me that he was going to sell his car.他對(duì)我說(shuō)他想要把車(chē)賣(mài)了。He mentioned the event, but didnt go into details.他提到這件事情，但是沒(méi)有細(xì)說(shuō)。increase vt. /vi. （在規(guī)模，數(shù)量，和程度上）增加，增長(zhǎng)grow VI.（動(dòng)植物）成長(zhǎng)，生長(zhǎng)，在表示數(shù)量上增加時(shí)，可以代替increaseij: The number of v

29、isitors has now increased.游客的人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了。The number of visitors has now grown.游客的人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了She has grown so much, she is nearly as tall as I am.她長(zhǎng)了這么多，差不多跟我一樣高了。the number of+(pl. )n. .的數(shù)量做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)eg: The number of people who own color TVs is increasing every year，有彩電的人的數(shù)量逐年增加a number of + pl. （謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）的數(shù)量e

30、g. A number of books have been stolen from the library. The number of stolen books is large. 圖書(shū)館的很多書(shū)被盜了The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that /who- 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式eg. It is yesterday I saw you. 我是昨天看到你的It

31、 is Henry that was fined a large sum of money.是哈瑞被罰了一大筆錢(qián)。It is Cathy that like best 我最喜歡的就是凱瑟。It is in a small city that I spent my childhood.在一個(gè)小城市里我度過(guò)童年的。It is lesson 59 that we will begin with.我們將從59課開(kāi)始。gain 獲得，得到（不能用于錢(qián)）(get，obtain)gain time 獲得時(shí)間gain knowledge 獲得知識(shí)gain favor 獲得寵愛(ài)earn1)（用勞動(dòng)）爭(zhēng)取（錢(qián)），

32、謀生bread earner 一個(gè)勞動(dòng)者earn a living 謀生2)博得，贏得（一個(gè)好名聲，尊敬，贊揚(yáng)）與win相似，常帶雙賓語(yǔ)eg. It has gained an evil reputation 他得到一個(gè)壞名聲。It has earned an evil reputation. 他得到一個(gè)壞名聲。He have gone abroad and I hear he is earning a lot of money. 他出國(guó)了，我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他賺了很多錢(qián).It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck;

33、if he picks a leaf, he will die. It is said that. 據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that. 據(jù)相信It is estimated that. 據(jù)估計(jì)It is found that. 據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)It is well-known that. 眾所周知eg. It is reported that President Bush is visiting Canada these day.據(jù)報(bào)道，布什這段時(shí)間正在訪問(wèn)加拿人。It is estimated that there will be half o

34、f the students tomorrow. 據(jù)估計(jì)明天將有一半的學(xué)生。It is said that he was put into prison.據(jù)說(shuō)他被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了。It is well-known that he is innocent.眾所周知他是清白的。 if he pick a leaf, he will die.pick采摘eg. She has picked a lot of flowers. 他摘了很多花。Cut切，割，砍eg. She cut the apple into two. 她把蘋(píng)果砍成兩半。die V. 死die for 為戰(zhàn)死 die for one s c

35、ountry殉國(guó)die at one s post 殉職 die of 因而死die from 因而死 die by 因而死eg. She died of cancer. 她死于癌癥。She died of old age. 她因?yàn)槟昀隙馈ie from overwork. 過(guò)度工作，勞累而死die from wound 受傷而死die by drowning 淹死 die by fire 燒死die by ones own hand 自殺 be dying for（口）渴望eg. He was dying for a drink.他渴望喝點(diǎn)什么。die away （聲言，光線，風(fēng)等）漸弱

36、，漸息dead1) adj.死的, 無(wú)生命的dead leaves 枯葉the dead 死人（指一類(lèi)人）2)adj. 完全的，絕對(duì)的a dead silence 片死寂come to a dead stop 完全停業(yè)3)n. 最黑暗，寒冷的時(shí)候in the dead of night 在深夜in the dead of winter 在隆冬death n. 死put someone to death 處死，殺死starved to death 餓死deadly adj. 致命的，不共戴天的a deadly wound 致命的傷口a deadly weapon 兇器deathly adj. 死

37、一般的(deathlike) 死一般的Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. a number victims 很多犧牲者 many victimsThe vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. have+賓語(yǔ)+p. p表示動(dòng)作不是have的主語(yǔ)完成的，而是別人執(zhí)行的eg. You d better have the dangerous building pulled d

38、own.你最好找人把這個(gè)危樓推倒。had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理發(fā)了。Id like to have the package weighed.我想請(qǐng)你把包裹稱(chēng)一下。I had my bike repaired. 我找人把車(chē)修了一下。 so far 到目前為止eg. He has written three books so far.到目前為止他寫(xiě)了三本書(shū)了。I can only help him so far. 我能幫他的僅指于此。go far1)成功eg. He is hardworking and will go far.他工作很努力，會(huì)成功的。2)（錢(qián)，衣

39、物）經(jīng)用，有價(jià)值（否定句）eg. A dollar doesnt go far these days.最近l美元不管用了。go as far as竟然+不定式go so far as竟然eg. He went so far as to call me an idiot.他竟然管我叫白癡。He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. point指eg. Its rude to p

40、oint. 指手畫(huà)腳是不禮貌的。Thats the man who did it, she said, pointing at me “那事是他干的，”她指著我說(shuō)。point out 指出point sth out 使注意某事物point the finger(at sb) 公開(kāi)指責(zé)某人point the way to sth 指出發(fā)展的可能性point the way towards sth 指出發(fā)展的可能性tourist 游客-ist后綴A：與以-ize結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成名詞dramatist 劇作家：戲曲家publicist 國(guó)際法學(xué)家，評(píng)論家B：以-ism結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)合，“的信仰者：

41、主義者：實(shí)行者”社會(huì)主義者socialistcapitalist 資本主義者atheist 無(wú)神論者C：與名詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成名詞，“從事的人；專(zhuān)業(yè)人員”physicist 物理學(xué)家motorist 開(kāi)汽車(chē)的人violinist 小提琴家have been coming 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！耙恢薄?In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. in spite of 盡管despite(prep) 盡管that has

42、 been said 定語(yǔ)從旬，修飾allhave been picking 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 不停地重復(fù)做某事have been cutting So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!not one of/none of 一個(gè)都沒(méi)有strike down 將.擊倒strike - struck - struckeg. Most people in the town were struck down with the strange fever.鎮(zhèn)上大部分人都被這個(gè)奇怪的發(fā)燒所傳染了1)n. 罷工on strik

43、e 罷工go out on strike 罷工2)V. 打，擊，撞，罷工，鬧罷工，忽然想到，打動(dòng).的心It strike me that. 我認(rèn)為.eg. The clock struck eight. 鐘敲八點(diǎn)了。A good idea struck me. 我突然想到一個(gè)好主意。They are striking for better working conditions.他們正在罷工，想爭(zhēng)取更好的工作條件。strike it rich (口)忽然變成人富翁strike home 一語(yǔ)道破strike off 刪除，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)eg. The lawyer was struck off for his illegal conduct.由于非法行為，這個(gè)律師被注銷(xiāo)了資格。special difficulties區(qū)別：increase/growgaine