初中英語中考復習資料大全

1、一般現(xiàn)在時主要用于下面幾情況：1) 描述當前時間內經常出現(xiàn)、反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時間狀語：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc。) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的動作或狀態(tài)是習慣性的、經常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline 。他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常給家里寫信，僅一

2、月一封而已。I cycle to work every day 。我每天騎自行車上班。It seldom rains here 。這兒很少下雨。2)僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)"，其重點"不是強調動作發(fā)生的時間、或進行的狀態(tài)"。例如：He can speak five foreign languages 。他能說五種外語。That is a beautiful city 。那是座美麗的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world

3、. 長江是世界上最長的河流之一。She majors in music 。她主修音樂。All my family love football 。我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。3) 陳述客觀事實、客觀真理。顧名思義，客觀的情況是"沒有時間概念"的；也"不會在意動作進行的狀態(tài)"。例如：The sun rises in the east 。日出東方。The earth goes around the sun 。地球繞著太陽轉。Ten minus two is eig

4、ht。十減二等于八。Light travels faster than sound 。光的速度比聲音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國位于太平洋西岸。4) 根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。If you take the job , they will talk with yo

5、u in greater details。如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談談細節(jié)。用于一般現(xiàn)在時的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外，常見的還有：now, today , nowadays等等。 一般過去時主要是用來描述在過去某個時候發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來表示在過去某段時間里經常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。這一點在表達意義上與一般現(xiàn)在 時相同，只是所在的時間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過去時的句子里常常有一個意義較具體的過去時間狀語。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時的 最大區(qū)別之一。一般過去時由謂語動詞的過去式表示，也就是說動詞詞末要加-ed(除不規(guī)則動詞外)。常和一般過去時

6、連用的過去時間狀語有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc。) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般過去時，在某種意義上說就是要強調動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過去的某個時候。"過去"的時間概念有兩層意思：一是指"現(xiàn)在某個時間"以前 的時間；二

7、是指"說話、寫文章的那個時間點"以前的時間，在這個意義上，"現(xiàn)在的那個時間點"是很小很小的，甚至于小到無法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上個月拿到了駕照。-Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？-He just went out。他剛剛出去。一般將來時概念：一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經常發(fā)生的動作。一、常見的將來時間狀語：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this afternoon, this year, b

8、efore long,in the future, some day(將來的某一天)， next year, next Sunday, soon,in ten days(十天后) 等二、一般將來時結構：主語+ will (shall) + 動詞原形 。動詞一般將來時，表示將要發(fā)生事(所有人稱都可以用will，shall只用于I, We 后面)如：肯定式：They will finish the work next week.否定式： They wont finish the work next week.疑問式： Will they finish the work next week?Yes,

9、 they will. / No, they wont. (注意：不能用Yes, theyll.)特殊疑問句：How many books will you give us?Ill give you thirty books.2. 主語+ be (am, is, are) going to + 動詞原形 。be going to, 表打算，準備計劃將來干;表可能，有必然，通過現(xiàn)象來判斷。如：Im going to see a film this evening. 今晚上我打算去看電影。Its going to rain. 天要下雨了。We arent going to have any les

10、sons next week. 我們下周不上課。3. will/ shall 和 be going to 結構的區(qū)別(1) 對于事先經過考慮的打算、計劃，應使用be going to 結構。Why are you taking down all the pictures? I am going to repaint the wall.(2) 對于事先未經過考慮的打算、計劃，而是臨時起意，則用will 結構。常見于會話時，乙聽了甲的話做出的反應。Where is the telephone book? Ill go and get it for you .(3) 表示即將發(fā)生某事時，兩者區(qū)別不大

11、，多可互換。What is going to happen? -What will happen?be going to 一般指較近的將來，will則表示較遠的將來。(4) 正式的通知等多用will.4. 其他一般將來時表達結構：(1) 少數(shù)幾個動詞如go, come, start, arrive等，當表示根據(jù)規(guī)定時間要發(fā)生的動作時，要用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示。My train leaves at 6:30. 我乘的火車將在6：30開。另外，時間、條件狀語從句中，“主將從現(xiàn)”Ill let you know as soon as I hear from him.Hell go fishing if

12、it is fine tomorrow.(2) 現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。go, come, leave, arrive, start, stay, return等表示動作的動詞，可以用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。Im going to the park with my parents on vacation.(3) be about to + 動詞原形, 表示即將發(fā)生的動作。The concert is about to begin. 音樂會即將開始。(4) be +動詞不定式，表示安排或計劃好的動作。There is to be a sports meeting next week.語法練習：I. 用適當形

13、式填空1. It _ be Wednesday tomorrow.2. Betty _ write to her grandma next week.3. _ you please give him this letter?4. I _ never do that again.5. She has bought some cloth; she _ make herself a dress.6. -Oh, what a heavy box! I cant lift it.-What! I _ carry it for you.7.In China, wherever you _(go), you

14、_(see) friendly people.8. Lao Zhao has saved some money and he _ (buy) a TV set.9. The express from Beijing to Shanghai _ at 8:45.II. 單選1 We _go home until we finish the work. A dont B wont C will 2 Tom _ six years old next month. A will be B will is C is going to 3 Look at the clouds? It _ rain. A

15、is going B will be C is going to 4 We _ go home until we finish the work. A dont B wont C will 5 We must take the sick man to hospital. He _. A is dying B is going to die C will die 6 Could you tell me _ the meeting. A when shall we have B when we would have C when to have 7 Ill talk to him when he_

16、.A come B will come C comes D came8 I dont know if it_ tomorrow.A rains B will rain C is rain D is raining9 There _ a school three years ago.A were B use to have C used to be D will be英語語法時態(tài)的幾種轉換英語中的幾種時態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：一、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的轉換在現(xiàn)在完成時中，延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：瞬間動詞用于“一

17、段時間+ago”的一般過去時的句型中；瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續(xù)性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；瞬間動詞用于“It is+一段時間+since+一般過去時”的句型中，表示“自從以來有時間”的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been；瞬間動詞用于“Sometime has passed since+一般過去時”的句型中。請看：A。He joined the League two years ago。B。He has been in the League for two years。 C。It is two years since he joined the League。 D。T

18、wo years has passed since he joined the League。二、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的轉換在一般現(xiàn)在時中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作），at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態(tài)轉換。請看：Peter is at work，but Mike is at play。Peter is working，but Mike is playing。三、現(xiàn)在進行時與一般將來時的轉換在現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中go，come，leave，start，arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如：I am coming，M

19、um！意為“我就來，媽媽！”請看：The train is leaving soon。The train will leave soon。四、“be going to+動詞原形”與“will（shall）+動詞原形”結構的轉換“be going to+動詞原形”、表示打算、計劃要做的事；將來時“will（shall）+動詞原形”結構在書面語中，當主語為第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will。請看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday。We shall visit the Great Wall next S

20、unday。表示將來的五種非時態(tài)方式1、“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務等。如：She is to play Juliet。她扮演朱麗葉。You are to make the necessary changes。你要做出必要的改變。2、“be about to+不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動作，有“即將”的意思，但不能和具體的時間狀語連用。如：The package is about to come unwrapped。那個包快散開了。3、“be going+不定式”：表示按計劃或安排打算去做某事，或表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。如：We are going to call her

21、 this evening。我們打算今晚給她打電話。My sisters going to have a baby this summer。我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。4、用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來：主要表示按規(guī)定或時間預計要發(fā)生的事。如：The students are leaving on Sunday。學生們星期日出發(fā)。Were having a party next week。我們下星期將開一個晚會。5、用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來：表示按規(guī)定或時間預計要發(fā)生的事。如：We have a holiday tomorrow。我們明天放假。The train leaves at 10：04 this eve

22、ning?；疖嚱裢?0：04分開。must表示推測1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。2) must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。You have worked hard all day .You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷)He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：He must be staying there.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there。他

23、必須呆在那。3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4) must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進行式。-Why didn't you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it。5) 否定推測用can't。If Tom didn't leave here u

24、ntil five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。比較have to和must1) 兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必

25、須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)2) have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務。He had to look after his sister yesterday。3)在否定結構中：don't have to表示"不必" mustn't表示"禁止"，You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。比較may和might1)

26、 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home。注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。2) 成語： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。If that is the case, we may as well try。典型例題Peter _come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet。A. mustB. may C. can D. will答案B. 表可能

27、性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。比較can 和be able to1)cancould 表示能力；可能 (過去時用could)，只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2)只用be able toa. 位于助動詞后。b. 情態(tài)動詞后。c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。d. 用于句首表示條件。e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before th

28、e war broke out。= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out。注意：could不表示時態(tài)1)提出委婉的請求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。- Could I have the television on?- Yes, you can. / No, you can't。2)在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。比較so和such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。s

29、o 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。so + adj.such + a(n) + n。so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl。)so + adj. + n. (pl。) such +n. (pl。)so + adj. + n. 不可數(shù)such +n. 不可數(shù)so foolish such a foolso nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money.such rapid pro

30、gressso many people such a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。sothat與suchthat之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。動詞不定式 動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構成形式為"to+動詞原形"，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點：1.具有動詞的特點，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構成動詞不定

31、式短語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。下面以近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題為例，對不定式的難點以及它在中考英語中的考查點，作一簡要的總結和分析，供同學們學習時參考。一、動詞不定式作主語1. It's our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. It's hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江

32、西省)3.建造這座立交橋將花費工人們一年多的時間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B簡析動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的

33、句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質;句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質

34、。二、動詞不定式作賓語1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A

35、 3. D簡析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help wi

36、th D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)Key： 1. B 2. C簡析不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、動詞不定式作狀語1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei like

37、s English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C簡析go， come， try， do / try one's best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。3. I'm sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble

38、 C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A簡析"be +形容詞+ to do sth"結構中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go t

39、hrough. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't _ enough _ people _ _ _. (廣東省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on簡析在上述"too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do"(太而不能)和"enough (for sb) to do"(足以、

40、足夠做)結構中，不定式作結果狀語。五、動詞不定式作定語1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D簡析不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，

41、與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系;如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。六、不帶to的動詞不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. You'

42、d better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動詞和make， have， let等使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態(tài)中，作主語補足語的不定式要帶to(let沒

43、有被動語態(tài))。2.在"had better"后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didn't jump D. not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomo

44、rrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (內蒙古自治區(qū))Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡析動詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區(qū)別1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. Why didn&#

45、39;t you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Let's have a rest, shall we?Not now, I can't stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給

46、單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡析一些常見的動詞后面接不定式和接動詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下："stop to do sth"意為"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事"，"stop doing sth"意為"停止正在做的事"："remember to do sth"意為"記住去做某事"(事還未做)，"remember doing sth"意為"記得做過某事"(事已做)："

47、go on to do sth"意為"接著做某事"(做完一事，接著做另一事)，"go on doing sth"意為"繼續(xù)做某事"(一事未做完接著往下做)："forget to do sth"意為"忘了做某事"(事還未做)，"forget doing sth"意為"忘了曾做過某事"(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. f

48、lying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)Key： 5. B 6. A簡析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語補足語，用不定式表示動作的全過程(動作已結束)，用動詞的-ing形式表示動作正在進行(動作尚未結束)。九、動詞不定式的省略及其符號to的保留1. Would you like to go to the

49、 cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. I'd like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm gladC. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大連市)Keys： 1. D 2. C簡析在

50、口語中，動詞不定式中的動詞或短語動詞在上下文中重復出現(xiàn)時，第二個動詞不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見于"be glad to"，"would like (love) to"，"have to"等結構中。十、動詞不定式的被動式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)Key： D簡析當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者(賓語)時，用動詞不定式的被動式，即：to be

51、+過去分詞;如果不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +過去分詞;如果不定式表示的動作和謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，用不定式的進行式，即：to be +現(xiàn)在分詞比較and和or1) 并列結構中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2) 但有時and 也可用于否定句。請注意其不同特點：There is no air or water in the moon。There is no air and no water on the moon。在否定中并列結構用or 連接，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結構，因此要用and。典型例題-I don&

52、#39;t like chicken _ fish.-I don't like chicken, _ I like fish very much。A. and； and B. and； butC. or； butD. or；and答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉折。判斷改錯：(錯) We will die without air and water。(錯) We can't live without air or water。(對) We will die without air or water。(對) We can't live without air

53、and water。單詞及詞組分組辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動詞永遠是復數(shù)，cloth 指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of2. incident , accidentincident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可數(shù)名詞，number 后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students4. family, house,

54、 homehome 家，包括住處和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成員。My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice 人的嗓音，noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相機拍攝的照片，picture 可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing 畫的畫Let's go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 詞匯，

55、一個人擁有的單詞量，word 具體的單詞 He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人數(shù)，people 具體的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather 一天內具體的天氣狀況，climate 長期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具體的公路，馬路，street 街道，path 小路，小徑，way 道路，途徑take this road; in the street, Show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 課程(可包括多門科目)，subject 科目(具體的學科)a summer course12.