虛擬機(jī)技術(shù)在高職計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)踐教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

1、一、虛擬機(jī)技術(shù)概述虛擬機(jī)(VM是支持多操作系統(tǒng)并行運(yùn)行在單個(gè)物理計(jì)算機(jī)上的一種系統(tǒng),能夠提供更加有效的底層硬件使用。虛擬機(jī)實(shí)際上就是一種應(yīng)用軟件,虛擬機(jī)軟件VMware實(shí)際上也只是一種應(yīng)用軟件,其特別之處在于,由它創(chuàng)建的虛擬機(jī)與真實(shí)的計(jì)算機(jī)幾乎一模一樣,不但虛擬有自己的CPU、內(nèi)存、硬盤、光驅(qū),以及自己的BIOS。在這個(gè)虛擬機(jī)上,可以安裝Windows、Linux等真實(shí)的操作系統(tǒng),及各種應(yīng)用程序。目前比較常用的虛擬機(jī)軟件有VMware和Virtual PC,它們都能在系統(tǒng)上虛擬出多個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī),用于安裝Linux、OS/2、FreeBSD等其他操作系統(tǒng)。相對而言,VMware不論是在多操作系統(tǒng)的支

2、持上,還是在執(zhí)行效率上,都比Virtual PC 2004明顯高出一籌。在計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)踐課的時(shí)候,譬如操作系統(tǒng)實(shí)訓(xùn)、計(jì)算機(jī)維護(hù)這一類需要對計(jì)算機(jī)的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行操作,但是學(xué)校的計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房都是處于保護(hù)狀態(tài)的,在我們調(diào)整的系統(tǒng)后不能看出效果或者根本就不能進(jìn)行操作。這個(gè)時(shí)候運(yùn)用虛擬機(jī)就能夠避免這種問題了。二、虛擬機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)假如要在一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上安裝多個(gè)操作系統(tǒng),在不使用虛擬機(jī)的情況下,有兩種方式:其一是裝計(jì)算機(jī)上安裝多個(gè)硬盤,每個(gè)硬盤安裝一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)。其二是在同一個(gè)硬盤的不同分區(qū)上安裝多個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)。這種安裝方式下幾個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)之間有相互的影響,它們共用同一個(gè)MBR,并且它們只是在不同的分區(qū)上,文件可以相互操作,這樣

3、就可能造成操作系統(tǒng)更容易被損壞。但如果使用虛擬機(jī)軟件則不然,不同的虛擬機(jī)就是不同的邏輯計(jì)算機(jī),就算是系統(tǒng)崩潰,只要硬盤沒有損壞,則虛擬機(jī)中的系統(tǒng)就不會(huì)有任何的損壞,并且也不相互干擾。特別是對想Linux和Unix的操作系統(tǒng)來說非常方便。在虛擬機(jī)中進(jìn)行軟件測試的時(shí)候,據(jù)相當(dāng)于是在另外一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上進(jìn)行軟件的安裝和測試。如此,在正常的系統(tǒng)下安裝自己的常用軟件,不影響自己計(jì)算機(jī)的正常使用,而在虛擬機(jī)下就可以只安裝你所需要測試軟件,避免的正常使用時(shí)候?qū)浖y試的干擾,同樣也避免了在進(jìn)行軟件測試的時(shí)候自己無法正常的使用計(jì)算機(jī),更能夠避免軟件測試時(shí)所造成的系統(tǒng)崩潰引起計(jì)算機(jī)無法使用和文件都丟失。三、虛擬機(jī)的

4、硬件要求虛擬機(jī)需要將兩臺(tái)及以上的電腦的任務(wù)集中在一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行處理,所以對硬件的要求相對比較高,其中主要的要求包括CPU、硬盤和內(nèi)存的要求。目前的計(jì)算機(jī)CPU基本上都是Intel Core i3三代、四代以上,硬盤都是幾百GB上TB的容量,這樣的配置已經(jīng)能輕松地滿足要求。其中關(guān)鍵是內(nèi)存。內(nèi)存的需求等于多個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)需求的總和?，F(xiàn)在基本上的計(jì)算機(jī)的內(nèi)存容量都在2GB、4GB以上,也基本不成問題。VMware Workstation 10的最小系統(tǒng)要求為:處理器:64 位x86 Intel CoreTM單核處理器或同等級別的處理器,AMD AthlonTM 64 FX 雙核處理器或同等級別的處理器

5、1.3 GHz 或更快的核心速度內(nèi)存:至少2 GB RAM,建議4 GB硬盤:應(yīng)用需要1.2 GB 磁盤空間。每個(gè)虛擬機(jī)需要額外的硬盤空間四、虛擬機(jī)的運(yùn)行環(huán)境VMware Workstation可以運(yùn)行在Windows(WinNT以上和Linux操作系統(tǒng)上。Virtual PC 則只能運(yùn)行在Windows和MacOS操作系上。五、VMware Workstation的使用虛擬機(jī)只是提供了一個(gè)虛擬的計(jì)算機(jī),它的使用比較簡單方便,主要就包含虛擬機(jī)軟件安裝、虛擬計(jì)算機(jī)的創(chuàng)建、調(diào)整和使用。首先從VMware公司網(wǎng)站現(xiàn)在VMware Workstation 10這個(gè)軟件,下載完成之后直接的默認(rèn)安裝就可以

6、了。啟動(dòng)VMware之后,單擊窗口右邊的圖標(biāo)開始創(chuàng)建虛擬機(jī),按照默認(rèn)步驟創(chuàng)建即可,其中需要注意的有兩點(diǎn):一是在選擇“客戶機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)”的時(shí)候選擇你準(zhǔn)備要在虛擬機(jī)中安裝Windows或者Linux系統(tǒng)即可。二是在選擇虛擬機(jī)的位置的時(shí)候要選擇一個(gè)分區(qū)足夠大的磁盤,避免以后在使用的過程中磁盤容量不足,最好不要選擇在系統(tǒng)分區(qū)上。主要需要調(diào)整的是兩個(gè)方面,一個(gè)是調(diào)整CD/DVD中ISO鏡像文件的位置,通過選擇不同的鏡像文件就相當(dāng)于在計(jì)算機(jī)光驅(qū)中放入了不同的光盤。另一個(gè)是根據(jù)你的物理內(nèi)存大小和你在虛擬機(jī)中所要安裝的操作系統(tǒng)不同,給虛擬機(jī)設(shè)置適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)存大小。選中虛擬機(jī)后單擊工具欄上按鈕就可以啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)了,這個(gè)

7、虛擬的計(jì)算機(jī)的使用與實(shí)際的計(jì)算機(jī)沒有什么區(qū)別,我們對他進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)安裝、軟件安裝后就可以正常的使用。其中通過在虛擬機(jī)窗口單擊鼠標(biāo)左鍵將鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤切換到虛擬機(jī)中操作,按鍵盤上的Ctrl+Alt鍵則可以將鼠標(biāo)和鍵盤重新切換到正常系統(tǒng)中。為了方便系統(tǒng)與虛擬機(jī)系統(tǒng)之間文件的傳輸,VMware提供了映射磁盤的方法和VMware Tools插件,其中VMwareTools插件更好,避免了映射的分區(qū)同時(shí)只能由系統(tǒng)或虛擬機(jī)系統(tǒng)其中一個(gè)使用?？傊?在計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)踐課上合理的使用虛擬機(jī)能夠大大的方便我們的使用,避免與機(jī)房管理之間的矛盾。First, the virtual machine technology overv

8、iewVirtual machine (VM is a system that supports multiple operating systems running in parallel on a single physical machine, which can provide a more efficient use of the underlying hardware.Virtual machine actually is a kind of application software, virtual machine VMware software actually is a ki

9、nd of application software, and is characterized in that:, created by the virtual machine and the real computers almost exactly the same, not only virtual own CPU, memory, hard disk, CD-ROM, and their own BIOS. On this virtual machine, you can install Windows, Linux and other real operating system,

10、and a variety of applications. Currently more commonly used virtual machine software VMware and PC Virtual, they are able to virtual out of the system on the system, for the installation of Linux, OS/2, FreeBSD and other operating systems. Relatively speaking, VMware both in support of multiple oper

11、ating systems, or in execution efficiency, Virtual PC 2004 was significantly higher than.In the practice course of computer, such as operating system training, computer maintenance the need of computer operating system, but the school computer room are in the state of conservation, in the adjustment

12、 of our system cannot see the effect or simply cant into operation. This time using a virtual machine to be able to avoid this problem.Two, the advantages of virtual machine1 convenient installation of multiple operating systemsIf you want to install multiple operating systems on a computer, in the

13、case of not using the virtual machine, there are two ways: one is installed on a computer installed on a number of hard drives, each hard disk to install an operating system. The other is to install multiple operating systems on the same hard disk partition. This installation under several operating

14、 systems have mutual influence, they shared a MBR, and they are just in a different partition, files can be mutual operation, so that it may be caused by an operating system is easier to be damaged. But if you use the virtual machine software or different virtual machine is different logic computer,

15、 even system collapse, as long as the hard drive is not damaged, virtual machines in the system will not have any damage, and do not interfere with each other. Especially for the Linux and Unix operating system is very convenient.2 to facilitate software testingWhen the software is tested in the vir

16、tual machine, the software is installed and tested on the other computer. So, under the normal system installation own commonly used software, does not affect the normal use of the computer itself, and in the virtual machine can be installed only you need to test software, to avoid the normal use of

17、 software testing interference, also toavoid the in software test when he could not properly use of computers, more able to avoid software testing caused by the collapse of the system caused by computer unusable and files are missing.Three, the hardware requirements of the virtual machineVirtual mac

18、hine needs to be more than two or more of the tasks of the computer focused on a computer running processing, so the requirements of the hardware is relatively high, the main requirements include CPU, hard disk and memory requirements. The current computer CPU are basically Core I3 Intel three gener

19、ations, more than four generations, the hard disk is a few hundred TB on the capacity of GB, such a configuration has been able to easily meet the requirements. The key is memory. The memory requirement is equal to the sum of the requirements of multiple operating systems. Now basically the computer

20、s memory capacity in 2GB, 4GB or more, it is not a problem.Minimum system requirements for Workstation VMware 10 are:Processor: 64 bit Intel CoreTM x86 single core processor or equivalent level processor, AthlonTM AMD 64 FX dual core processor or equivalent level processor 1.3 GHz or faster core spe

21、edRam: at least 2 RAM GB, recommended 4 GBHard disk: application requires 1.2 GB disk space. Each virtual machine needs extra hard disk spaceFour, virtual machine operating environmentWorkstation VMware can run on Windows (WinNT and Linux operating system. PC Virtual can only run on the Windows and

22、MacOS operating system.Five, the use of Workstation VMwareVirtual machine only provides a virtual computer, its use is relatively simple and convenient, mainly contains the virtual machine software installation, virtual computer creation, adjustment and use.1 installationFirst from VMware company we

23、bsite now Workstation VMware 10 this software, download the complete installation of the default directly on it.2 virtual machine creationAfter the start of VMware, click on the right of the window icon to create a virtual machine, in accordance with the default steps can create, which need to pay attention to the there are two: one is when select the client opera