2019-2020年高中英語語法講練結合-名詞性從句

1、2019-2020年高中英語語法講練結合-名詞性從句一.概念名詞性從句共有四種：主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句二.相關知識點精講(1) 語從句：主語從句在整個句子中作主語。(1)不同于其它的連詞，它不充當句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首時，that絕對不可以省略。Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.(2)if不能用在主語從句中，而是用whetherWhetherheleft(ornot)isunknown(3)當

2、主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)，下面這個句型例外。Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.Whatweneedaremanymorebooks.(2) 語從句：表語從句出現(xiàn)在系動詞后，充當表語。Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.Goandgetyourcoat.Itswhereyouleftit.(1)引導表語從句除了上述三類詞外還有because,asif/asthough等等Thereason(why/forwhich.)isthatIt/This/Thatisbecause(2)連系動詞appear,look,seem”的

3、兩個常用句型Itseems/appearsthat.Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough(與事實相符用陳述語氣，與事實相反用虛擬語氣)(3) as也可以引導表語從句Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe3.賓語從句：及物動詞，形容詞和介詞后加賓語從句作其賓語。(1)賓語從句時態(tài)與主句相呼應，但賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或普遍現(xiàn)象除外Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun(2)連詞whether和if可以互換，但注意下列情況連詞后緊跟ornot時用whetherIwanttoknowwhetherorno

4、ttheywille.作介詞賓語是用whether引導賓語從句Hewasinterestedinwhetherhesawherthere.連接詞后直接加不定式，不能用if只能用whetherHedoesntknowwhethertostayornot.如果賓語從句是否定時，一般用if引導Icareifhewillnotattendthemeeting.(3)當賓語從句后帶賓補時，要用“主語+謂語+it+賓補+that-clause,that不可省略Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.(4) 當主語是I,we,主句用think,believe,su

5、ppose,expect,imagine五個動詞時，用否定轉移Idontthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe?(5) that在賓語從句?？梢允÷?，但由and或but連接兩個或多個賓語從句時，僅可以省略第一個連詞thatHesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasnthungry.(6)注意區(qū)別if引導的賓語從句和條件狀語從句Idontknowifhewille.Ifhees,Illletyouknow.4.同位語從句，在句中作某些名詞的同位語，對前面的名詞進一步說明。用在下列名詞fact,news,idea,hope,believe,

6、hope,thought,doubt.truth,order,suggestion,wordetc.(1) Thereisnodoubtthathewille.Thereisdoubtwhetherhewille.WordcamethatNapoleonwouldetoinspectthem.Thereisnopossibilitythat.(2) that引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在同位語從句中：that不可以省略，不作成分；定語從句的關系代詞that在定語從句作成分，作賓語時可以省略Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvis

7、itourschool.Weareinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.when,where引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在定語從句中，when,where前有分別表示時間、地點的先行詞；而在同位語從句中無此對應關系Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(同位語從句)Goandgetyourcoat.Itsintheplacewhereyouleftit.(定語從句)5 .疑問詞-ever既可以引導名詞性從句，也可以引導讓步狀語從句，而nomatter+疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句NomatterwhereIgo,myheartisto

8、wardsChina.Ibelieverwhateverhesays.Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.who與whoever的區(qū)另Uwho是誰”的意思，表示具有疑問，who相當于anyonewho無論誰Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?6 .當名詞性從句缺少主語、賓語或表語時，引導詞通常用what,它相當于。另外，有時具有感嘆意義allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)thatWhatwecantgetsee

9、msbetterthanwhatwehave.TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.7 .注意區(qū)分it作形式主語的主語從句與強調句強調句句型Itis/was+被強調部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that,句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.主語從句Itisonlylatelythathehadhadafamilyhimself.強調句Whatwasitthathewanted?Idontknowwhatitwasthathewanted.Itwasinthehotelwherehesta

10、yedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem8 .注意it作形式主語的主語從句和as引導非限制性定語從句引導的不同Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.Asisknowntoall.theearthisround.三.鞏固練習1. hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If2. ThemanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhowA.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadeaboutC.hadth

11、equarreleaboutD.hadthequarreleabout3. Energyismakesthingwork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that4. Informationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as5. ThisistheshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when6. Theyhavenoideaatall.A.where

12、hehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone7. Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfearhewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat8. Theordercamethesoldiersthesmallvillagethenextmorning.A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave9. isnopossibilityBobca

13、nwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether10. Thequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if11. Ishesaidreallytrue?A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether12. themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where13.

14、Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for14. morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If15. hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If16. youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How17. alltheinvent

15、ionshaveinmonistheyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what18. appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That19. Itiswidelythatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped20. causedtheaccidentisstillapletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where21. healwaysserves

16、thepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who22. haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who23. Istruethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?AthatBitChisDhe24. IthasnotbeendecidedtheywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat25. Obviouslywedomorningexerciseseveryda

17、yusgood.A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose26. Itissaidwasallhesaid.Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which27getshomefirstistocookthesupper.A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever28 movedusmostwashelikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what29

18、.youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which30 .youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy31 .ThereasonIplantogoisshewillbedisappointedifIdont.A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what32 .Whattimedoyouthink_?A.willTomebackB.TomwillebackC.isTomingbackD.canTomgethere33 .Theteachersaidthatlight_fastertha

19、nsound.A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels1.1. isstillaquestionwillwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that35. IfyouknowitwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that36. Insomecountries,arecalled“publicschools“arenotownedbythestate.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what37. Thinki

20、ngyouknowinfactyoudontisaterriblemistake.A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat38. Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust_worriesthepublic.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what39. Whydontyoubring_tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it40. DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhysh

21、ehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhimhappens.A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whateverC.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however41. ThatisIwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace42. shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because43 .wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.That

22、B.WhatC.WhichD.Whether44 .-Haveyoufoundyourbookyet?-No,ImnotsureIcouldhaveleftit.A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why45. Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestionthepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what46. Ifirmlybelievehesaidatthemeetingwasright.A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat47. -Whatwereyoutryi

23、ngtoprovetothepolice?-Iwaslastnight.A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What48. Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,_helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what49. Atthemeeting,wediscussedweshouldemploymoreworkers.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./50. Afterseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that四.答案15ABABC610AABAC11

24、15BBCAB1620BCBAA2125BABAD2630ADBCC3135BBDBC3640DCDDA4145CBBBC4650CCCBC2019-2020年高中英語語法講練結合-定語從句一.概念在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，稱為定語從句，也叫形容詞性從句二.相關知識點精講1 .關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1) who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：Ishethemanwho/thatwa

25、ntstoseeyou?他就是你想見的人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2) whose用來指人或物，(只用作定語,若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換)。例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3) which,that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句

26、中可作主語、賓語等。例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在句中作賓語)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作賓語)2 .關系副詞引導的定語從句關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1)關系副詞when,where,why的含義相當于介詞+which結構，因此常常和介詞+which結構交替使用。例如：T

27、hereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人者B有不得不屈服的時候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2) that代替關系副詞，可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和介詞+which引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn

28、.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。3 .判斷關系代詞與關系副詞方法一：用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.這是我去年呆過的山村。IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永遠不會忘t己與你共事的

29、日子。習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。關系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞(where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語)。4 .限制性和非限制性定語從句1)定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去

30、掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。（非限制性）2）當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,has

31、gotalovelygarden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。說明：關系代詞tha

32、t和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。5 .介詞+關系詞1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的介詞+關系詞結構可以同關系副詞when和where互換。例如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?還t己得你力口入我們俱樂吾B的那一天嗎？Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclu

33、b?6 .as,which非限定性定語從句由as,which引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾s和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：（1） as引導的定語從句可置于句首，

34、而which不可。（2） as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.o7 .先行詞和關系詞二合一1） Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替）2） Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替）8. what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever1) what=thethingwhich;whateve

35、r=anything。例如：Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的動詞都送來了。Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么,跟我沒什么關系。2) who=thepersonthatwhoever=anyonewho。例如：3) that和what當that引導定語從句時，通常用作關系代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：Ithink(that)youwilllikethestamps.我想你會喜歡

36、這些郵票的。Whatweneedismorepractice.我們需要的是更多的實踐。9.關系代詞that的用法1)不用that的情況a)引導非限定性定語從句時。例如：(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.b)介詞后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我們依賴土地獲得食物。Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a) 在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。b)

37、在不定代tBJ,如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時，只用that,不用which。c) 先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時，只用that。d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用thato.e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。例如：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。三.鞏固練習1. Hisparentswouldnt

38、lethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2. Sheheardaterriblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3. Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4. Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whi

39、chC.thatD.it5. AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6. CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7. Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thi

40、sD.what8. RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose9. hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10. HelivedinLondonfor3months,duringtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same11. Ohthewallhung

41、apicture,colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.its12 .WheneverImethim,wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when13 .Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicturestandsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.there14 .ThebossdepartmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhich

42、B.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15 .Idontlikeyouspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshow17. Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIt

43、hinkitD.Ithinkwhichis18. Hewasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which19. a)Heisaninterestingspeaker,and,ismoreimportant,heknowshissubjectthoroughly.b)Hewenttothemeeting,and,wasworse,insistedonspeaking.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when20. Thefarmeruseswoodtobuildahous

44、etostoregrain.A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.withwhich21. Iwillinvitemydaughterloves.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whatever22. Youcanbuyasmanycopiesofthisbookyouwants.A.thatB.whichC.asD.forwhich23. Tomatemorefoodwasgoodforhishealth.A.thatB.asC.thanD.which24. Hewashidingbehindthedoorhecouldseewhatwashappening.A.whichB.fromwhereCfromwhichD.where25. Shewore,wasveryunmoninthecountry,aredgarment.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it=Sheworearedgarment,wasveryunmoninthecountry.26. TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich27.