英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)完整_第1頁(yè)
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)完整_第2頁(yè)
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)完整_第3頁(yè)
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)完整_第4頁(yè)
英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)完整_第5頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩7頁(yè)未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)共有十六個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)、四個(gè)體 。(注:四個(gè)體為 一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行。)時(shí)態(tài)( Tense )是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。即指的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。分為十六種:一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(一.十六)英語(yǔ)中的四個(gè)體相當(dāng)于法語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)以及所有印歐語(yǔ)系中的式 ,如:直陳式,命令式等。1 )一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(一)基本形式(以do 為例):第三人稱單數(shù): does (主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱單數(shù));肯定句:主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他;He works for us.否定句:主語(yǔ)don t/doesn't 動(dòng)詞原形其他;He d

2、oesn't work for us. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Do/Does 主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他。肯定回答: Yes ,( 主語(yǔ) do/does )否定回答:No , ( 十主語(yǔ)+ don't/doesn't.) 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)Does he work for us?Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us. 用法: A) 表 示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征B ) 習(xí) 慣用語(yǔ)C ) 經(jīng) 常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。例:He always helps others.

3、 他總是幫助別人D ) 客 觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則無(wú)法保持主句、從 句時(shí)態(tài)一致E ) 表 示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開(kāi) 始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞)可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用。常見(jiàn)的用法是:飛 機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。例:The mext train leaves at 3o clock this afternoon. 下一趟火車今天下午3 點(diǎn)開(kāi)車。How often does this shuttlebus run? 這班車多久一趟?F )在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)叢句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(有時(shí)也

4、用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來(lái)事情。例:When you have finished the report,I will have waited for about 3 hours. 等你完 成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3 個(gè)小時(shí)。2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)(五)的過(guò)去式否定句式:在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn t ,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞,或was were not ;一般疑問(wèn)句:was 或 were 放于句首;用do 的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞例如:Did he work for us?He didn't work for us.He worked for us.用法:A) 表 示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生

5、的動(dòng)作或情況B) 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作.特別是由would /usedto do 表達(dá)的句型.本身表示的就是過(guò)去時(shí)例: The old man wouldsit on a bench in the quietpark andlook at others forhours without doing anything or talking to anybody. 老人過(guò)去常常坐在寧?kù)o的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅子,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí),什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。He used to visit his mother once a week. 他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。C ) 有 時(shí)可代替

6、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣。例 I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car? 我想向你借車用一用,可以嗎?Would you mind my sitting here? 你介意我坐在這里嗎?注意事項(xiàng):A ) 注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配,一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組,如: yesterday,last month,in 1999,two days ago 等,絕對(duì)不可與recently,in the past10 years,this month 等連用,因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一

7、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。B ) Used to do 的否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式很特別:你怎么寫(xiě)都正確,以否定的形式為例:usde not to do,didn t used to do,didn t use to do 都對(duì)Used to do 經(jīng)常與 beused to doing sth/sth 結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,前者表示“過(guò)去常?;蜻^(guò)去曾經(jīng)”要求加動(dòng)詞原 形:后者表示“習(xí)慣于”,要求加名詞或動(dòng)名詞3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)(九)am are is going to do 或will shall do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do;一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方法be going

8、to +動(dòng)詞原形be + 不定式 ,be to+ 動(dòng)詞原形,be about to 動(dòng)詞原形be able to +不定式be about to+ 動(dòng)詞原形will + 動(dòng)詞原形;例如: He is going to work for us.He will work for us ;表達(dá) 將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的例子!He is coming. 這是特殊的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 用法:A) 基 本結(jié)構(gòu)是will/shall+do 例: We shall send her a glass hand-made craft asher birthday gift. 我們將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物B )

9、有 些動(dòng)詞,如: arrive,be close,come,do,done,go,have,leave,open,play,return,sleep,start,stay 等,用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí),并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)。例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here untilmay. 我媽媽下周將來(lái)看我,并會(huì)呆到時(shí)五月。C)表示“打算去.,要.”時(shí),可用 be going to do 例:This is just what I amgoing to say. 這正是我想說(shuō)的。D )

10、表 示“即將,正要”時(shí),可用 be about to do .強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事例:Don tworry,I am about to make a close examination on you. 別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。E ) be to do 的 5 種用法:a ) 表 示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”例: She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. 星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。b)該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should,must,ought to,have to)表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。例: You are to

11、 go to bed and keep quite, guests arearrivingin less than 5 minutes. 孩子們,你們必須上床睡覺(jué),不準(zhǔn)吵鬧,我們的客人5 分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。c ) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an,may )例: How am I to pay such a debt? 我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?d ) 不 可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。例 I assure you that the matter B.as quickly as a little patience. be attendedbe attended to atte

12、ndedattended towill be attended to 關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend 表示“處理,解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,必須與 to 連用。另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案是 B e)用于條件叢句”如果 .想,設(shè)想”(接近 if .want to ,或ifshould )例: Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if foodshortage .A .avoided.to be be be been 答案是 A) is to be 全句的意思是:如果要避

13、免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。F)同樣可以表示“正要,將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing例: The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points. 教練想要放棄這場(chǎng)比賽了,因?yàn)閷?duì)方已經(jīng)射進(jìn)了7 個(gè)球。I was the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A)in B) to C) at D) on 答案是 D on the point of doing 是

14、固定詞組,意思是“正要,打算”全句的意思是:當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話給他。注意事項(xiàng):if,when,as long as,as soon as,after,before,incase,until,unless 等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞 innediately,themoment,directly 等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)叢句,一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),可用完成時(shí)。I hope his health will have inproved by the time you come back next year. 我希望 到明天你回來(lái)的時(shí)候,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。(4) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(wo

15、uld/should do )(七)be ( was , were ) going to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 be ( was , were ) about to+ 動(dòng)詞原形be ( was , were ) to+ 動(dòng)詞原形肯定句:主語(yǔ) +be (was , were ) going to+動(dòng)詞原形 .否定句:主語(yǔ) +be (was , were ) not going to+動(dòng)詞原形 疑問(wèn)句:Be ( Was , Were ) +主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形? 肯定句:主語(yǔ) +would (should ) +動(dòng)詞原形.否定句:主語(yǔ) +would ( should ) not+動(dòng)詞原形疑問(wèn)句:

16、 Would ( Should ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?He would work for us.用法:表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事例: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.我星期四說(shuō)我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友注意事項(xiàng):由于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是由過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)組合而成的,所以其注意事項(xiàng)可以參考過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)(5) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(bedoing )(二)主語(yǔ) +be+ 現(xiàn)在分詞形式(其中 v 表示動(dòng)詞)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或最近在做的事。例如: I am buying a book.第一人稱+am+doing+st

17、h第二人稱+are+doing +sth( doing 是泛指所有的 v-ing形式)第三人稱+is+doing+sth例: He is working.(6) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were doing) (八)肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+ 其它否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑問(wèn)句及答語(yǔ):Was/Were+ 主語(yǔ) +doing+ 其它 ;答語(yǔ):Yes,I 主語(yǔ) +was/ were./No,I主語(yǔ) +wasn't/weren't.特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+ 主語(yǔ) +doing+ 其它He was working wh

18、en he was alive.用法:A)表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例: Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes 分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)。B)如果when,while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí),則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. 你敲前門時(shí)我正在洗頭發(fā)。注意事項(xiàng):其它與將來(lái)時(shí)有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)請(qǐng)參考下面所講的一般將來(lái)時(shí)(7) 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will/shall be doing )(十)主語(yǔ) +wi

19、ll + be +現(xiàn)在分詞He will be working for us.=He will work for us.用法:強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情例: Don t worry,youwon t miss will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirtat that time. 別擔(dān)心,你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出好的,她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T 恤衫和一條自己的短裙。注意事項(xiàng):由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的,所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng),可參考一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)(8) 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(十四)should(would)+

20、be+ 現(xiàn)在分詞doingHe said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us. 他說(shuō)他會(huì)為我們工作(的)例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.政府承諾說(shuō)第二年7 月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。(此句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是具體的將來(lái)時(shí)間,所以最好用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(9) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done )(三)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+have/has+ 過(guò)去分詞(done)肯定句:主語(yǔ) +h

21、ave/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他否定句:主語(yǔ) +have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+ 主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去分詞+其他特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句(have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他'He has worked for us for ten years.Has he worked for us for ten years.用法:A) 表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。例:I bought a new house,but I C my old one yet,so at the moment I have two house.a)didn t sel

22、l b)sold c)haven t sold d)would sellB)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since 加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for 加一段時(shí)間,或by 加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。例: Great as Newton was,many of his ideas . today and are being modifiedby the work of scientists of our time. a)are to challengeb)have been challenged c)may be challenged

23、d)are challenging全句的意思是:雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物,但他的許多見(jiàn)解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正?!癱hallenge 是及物動(dòng)詞,在本句中應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),可見(jiàn)答案是c) may be challengeda)are to challenge 和 d) are challenging 都是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可能是答案。b) may be challenged 雖然是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合,所以不對(duì)。C) 表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況,通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如:arrive,begin,find,give,

24、lose 等例: John has broken his left leg. 約翰摔斷了左腿。注意事項(xiàng):A) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài)或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響,是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過(guò)去時(shí)只是表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)聯(lián)系例: He worked in that hospital for 8 years. 他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8 年。這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. 他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8 年。 表示他從過(guò)去開(kāi)

25、始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。B) 含有 for 加一段時(shí)間或since 加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)完成時(shí),有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。例:My sister has been marriedfor 5 years. 過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù)。My sister has t disturbher. 終端動(dòng)詞C)在“this is the first/second/third .time .that ”句型里要求用完成時(shí)例: This is the second time that the products of our company have

26、 been shownin the International Exhibition. 這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加活動(dòng)國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。D)句型“It is /has been .since所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確例: It is/was been 10 years since I last saw him. 從我上次見(jiàn)到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)是10 年了。E) 在"no sooner than " hardly / scarcely .when" before "."prior to”等句型中,主句要求完成時(shí)例: I haven t met that profes

27、sor prior to today. 以前我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)那位教授(10) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done )(六)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+had+ 過(guò)去分詞(done)肯定句:主語(yǔ) +had+過(guò)去分詞+其他否定句:主語(yǔ) +had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他一般疑問(wèn)句:Had+ 主語(yǔ) +過(guò)去分詞+其他肯定回答:Yes, 主語(yǔ) +had否定回答:No, 主語(yǔ) +hadn't特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句(had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他)語(yǔ)法判定:(1 ) by + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last ni

28、ght.(2 )by theendof + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:We hadlearntovertwo thousandEnglish words by the end of last term.(3 )before+ 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.用法:表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài),就是我們常說(shuō)的:表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”Until then,his family d.from him for six months.a) didn t hear c) ha

29、sn t heard b) hasn t been hearing d)hadn t heard全句的意思是:到那時(shí)為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒(méi)得到他的消息了。由此可見(jiàn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻才完成,因此謂語(yǔ)要用過(guò)去完成時(shí),答案是d其它選項(xiàng):a) didn t hear 因?yàn)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài),所以不能與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for six months 連用b)hasn t been hearing 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,與題意不符。C) hasn t heard 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在為止發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。而題中的then 只表

30、示過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻,不能表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。注意事項(xiàng):過(guò)去的過(guò)去這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái),而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的限制。例: There had been some one in our room just now,because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.剛才有人在我們的房間里,因?yàn)槲覀兇蜷_(kāi)前門進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃燒的香煙。分析:雖然時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是just now 似乎應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),但是“在房間里”這個(gè)狀態(tài)是在“開(kāi)門”和“注意”這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前就

31、存在的,所以應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(11) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done) (十一)( shall ) will+have+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞before+ 將來(lái)時(shí)間或by+ 將來(lái)時(shí)間before 或 by the time 引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.用法:表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間,但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),就好像把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的 將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣,其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān)。例: Theconf

32、erenceb .a full week bythe time itends.a) musthave lasted b)will have lastedc)would last d)haslasted本題考謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全句的意思是:會(huì)議從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期。句中bythe time it ends 表示動(dòng)作將延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻,因此要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。答案是b) willhave lasted 如果選a )因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞must 后面接動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)形式表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的一種肯定推測(cè),而本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是by the time it ends 而非 by the time it

33、ended. 所以犯了時(shí)態(tài)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤。Would 雖可以表示推測(cè)或可能性,但would last 不表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,所以c) would last 錯(cuò)誤。 因?yàn)?d) has lasted 是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示到現(xiàn)在為上已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,不能表示延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作,所以也不正確。注意事項(xiàng): 由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)融合在一起的,故參考一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的有關(guān)事項(xiàng)(12) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)(十五)should have done,would have doneshould / would have done sth.He said that he would have w

34、orked for us.=He said that he would work for us. 例 :I believedby the end of that year an advanced version of that software wouldhave been developed,but I was wrong. 我堅(jiān)持到那年年底為止,那個(gè)軟件的新版本交被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái),但是我錯(cuò)了。(此句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。)(13) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(四) have been doing基本與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相同,但是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只能表示仍然持續(xù)的概念 have/has been +-ing 分詞He has b

35、een working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years. 用法: 表示某一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái) 例: We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前為止我們一直 在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。注意事項(xiàng): 與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持 續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。It seems oil d from this pipe for some

36、9;ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. a)had leaked b)is leaking c)leaked d)has been leaking 從上下文看,這兩個(gè)句子的意思是:看來(lái),這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了,我們將不得不拆 卸機(jī)器排除故障。第二句表示將要采取的措施,第一句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第一句之前,并且延續(xù)到 現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)。因此,空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)d) has been leaking 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),因此是本題的答案。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for some time 表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作延續(xù),謂語(yǔ)不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),必須用和

37、完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài),故不用b) is leaking 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。c) leaked 同a) had leaked 是因?yàn)楸绢}第二句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),所以第一句的謂語(yǔ)不能用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(14) 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(十三)had been doinghad been +-ing 分詞He saidthat he had been workingfor us for ten years.=Hesaid thathehadworked for us for ten years.例: Theold clock had been beingtaken apart of and fixedup againf

38、orseveraltimes by my 10-year old son before I came back home. 我回到家之前,我們10 歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了?!按颂帍?qiáng)調(diào) 拆卸 和 組裝 這兩個(gè)過(guò)去的 過(guò)去動(dòng)作一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))”(15) 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(十二)shall/will have been doing主語(yǔ) + shall/will have been doingHe will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻譯為:他最近一直在為我們工作(過(guò)去在工作,現(xiàn)在在工作,將來(lái)還會(huì)工

39、作)例:By the end of next month,the project will have been being worked for 3years.到下個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3 年了(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(16) 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(十六)should/would have been doingshould+have been+ 現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱 would have been+ 現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work forus.例: The

40、y said that by the end of the following month,the project would have beenbeing worked for 3 years. 他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3 年了舉例:英語(yǔ)中有12 個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài),都來(lái)自于三時(shí)(過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái));另 4 個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在以 I listen 為例,舉例英語(yǔ)中有12 個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)如下所示:一般 過(guò)去 時(shí): I listened.done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):I was listening.was/were doing: I had listenedhad donehad been doingdo/doesbe doinghave/has donehave/has been doing過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):I had been listening現(xiàn)在 時(shí): I listen: I am

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論