語言學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)題

1、.For each question, there is only ONE correct answer. Choose the one from A, B, C and D.1. Displacement benefits human beings by giving them the power to handle_A. arbitrariness and creativity B. generalizations and abstractionsC. interpersonal relationship D. performative functions2. Using language

2、 for the sheer joy of using it shows that language has a _ function.A. recreational B. metalingualC. informative D. performative3. According to_, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been mastered by the language user.A. Roman Ja

3、cobson B. Leonard BloomfieldC. Kenneth Pike D. Noam Chomsky4. Whose Cardinal Vowel system is still in use?A. A.J. Ellis B. A.M. BellC. Daniel Jones D. A. C. Gimson5. Which of the following words involves“nasalization”?A. rap B. readC. rose D. running6. Which of the following words is likely to have

4、stress in sentences?A. a B. and C. to D. sun7. “_” is the abstract unit underlying the smallest unit in the lexical system of a language. A. Word B. LexemeC. Morpheme D. Vocabulary8. Word Class is known as in traditional grammar as _.A. Construction B. parts of speechC. inflection D. categories9. Wh

5、ich of the following are NOT prefixes?A. para B. disC. ir D. ion10._is NOT included in the studies of traditional grammar.A. Classifying words into parts of speechB. Defining the properties of sentencesC. Identifying the functions of wordsD. Recognizing certain categories, like number and tense11. “

6、Concord” has the same meaning as_A. perfective B. progressiveC. agreement D. government12. Which of the following is NOT related to Noam Chomsky?A. Deep Structure B. Surface StructureC. Transformational Component D. Theme and Rheme13. The “semantic triangle” was proposed by_A. Plato and Aristotle B.

7、 Ogden and RichardsC. Chomsky and Halle D. Leech and Palmer14. Which of the following are NOT converse antonyms?A. clever: stupid B. boy: girlC. give: receive D. teacher: student15. “ I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of

8、 _A. arbitrariness B. creativityC. Duality D. Displacement 16. “Dont end a sentence with a preposition.” This is an example of _ rules.A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. transformational D. functional 17. According to G.B. Shaws ridicule of English orthography, the non-existed word ghoti can be prono

9、unced in the same way as_A. goat B. hotC. fish D. floor18. Which of the following is the correct description of v?A. voiceless labiodental fricativeB. voiced labiodental fricativeC. voiceless labiodental stopD. voiced labiodental stop19. “New elements are not to be inserted into a word even though t

10、here are several parts in a word.” This is known as _A. uninterruptibility B. stabilityC. extremity D. variability20. Which of the following word class is the closed-class?A preposition B. adverbC. adjective D. noun21. Which of the following are NOT suffixesA. in B. iseC. ly D. ful22. Traditional gr

11、ammar sees a sentence as _A. a sequence of morphemesB. a sequence of clausesC. a sequence of wordsD. a sequence of phrases23. _meaning is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to.A. Connotative B. DenotativeC. Affective D. Reflective24. Which of the following are gra

12、dable antonyms?A. good-bad B. male-femaleC. alive-dead D. buy-sell25. The fact that sounds are used to refer to the same object in different languages proves the _of language.A. duality B. creativityC. arbitrariness D. displacement26. Which of the following are correct descriptions of Langue and Par

13、ole?A. It was Chomsky that distinguished langue from parole.B. It was Martin Joo that distinguished langue from parole.C. Langue constitutes the immediately accessible data.D. The linguists proper object is the langue of each community.27. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in _.A. t

14、he manners of articulationB. the places of articulationC. the position of the soft palateD. the obstruction of airstream28. When the different forms, such as tin and din, are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two sound combinations

15、 are said to form_A. allophones B. a minimal pairC. a maximal pair D. phonemes29. The process of word formation in which a verb, for example, blacken, is formed by adding en to the adjective black, is called_A. inflection B. derivationC. compound D. backformation 30. The sense relation between rose

16、and flower is _A. synonym B. polysemyC. hyponymy D. homonymy31.Which of the following are NOT instances of blending?A. transistor B. classroomC. boatel D. brunch32. The one that is NOT one of the suprasegmental features is _A. syllable B. stressC. coarticulation D. intonation 33. What the element”-e

17、s” indicates is third person singular, present tense, and the element “-ed” past tense, and “-ing” progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unity of language and meaningful, they are also called_A. phonemes B. phones C. allophones D. morphemes34. The term“_”in linguistics may be defined as aw

18、ay of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronic B. diachronicC. comparative D. historical comparative35. Since early 1990s, Noam Chomsky and other generative linguists proposed and developed a theory of univers

19、al grammar known as the _theoryA. speech act B. TGC. minimalist program D. principles-and- parametersII Decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false (F) . 1. Arbitrariness means you can use languages in any way you like.（F）2. “Radar” is an invented word.(F)3. The consonant x existed

20、in Old English.(T)4. Today, we normally say that English has two tenses: present and past.(T)5. Leechs conceptual meaning has two sides: sense and reference.(T)6. Historical linguistics is a synchronic study of language.(F)7. A good method to determine the phonemes in a language is the Minimal Pairs

21、 Test.(T)8. Phonology is concerned with speech production and speech perception.(F)9. Leech uses the term “connotative” in the same sense as that in philosophical discussion.(F)10. Duality is the physical manifestation of the “ infinite use of finite terms”(T)11. The idea of a system of cardinal vow

22、els was first suggested by Danniel Jones.(T)12. Word is the smallest unit of meaning which can constitute, by itself, a complete utterance.(T). Fill in each blank with ONE word.1. There are two aspects to meaning: denotation and connotation .2. Phonology is the branch of theoretical linguistics conc

23、erned with speech sounds at a higher level than Pholotics i.e. their structure and organization in human languages. 3. The fact that a word may have more than one meaning is called_ in semantics.4. There are at least 4 design features of language: Arbitrariness, , _, and _5 Relational antonyms are p

24、airs in which one describes a relationship between two objects and the other describes the same relationship when the two objects are reversed, such as parent and child, teacher and student.6 antonyms are pairs that express absolute opposites, like mortal and immortal.7. F.de Saussure , founder of m

25、odern linguistics, taught linguistics in Geneva University during 1907-1911. His theory has put great influence on semiotics, humanities study and literary studies. 8. Lexical semantics is concerned with the meanings of words and the meaning among words; and phrasal or semantics is concerned with th

26、e meaning of syntactic units larger than the word. 9. Reference theory in semantics holds the viewpoint that there is a_direct_ relation between forms of language and those the relevant language forms refer to. 10.Nominalism refers to the idea that there is no conventional relation or link between t

27、he words that people choose and the objects that the words refer to. That is to say, language is .11. Complementery antonyms are pairs that express absolute opposites, like mortal and immortal.12. 荀子（約公元前298前238）在 正名篇 中說，“名無固宜，約之以命。約定俗成謂之宜，異于約則謂之不宜?！边@里正確地指出，語言有社會(huì)性，事物的名稱不決定于它的本質(zhì)屬性，而決定于社會(huì)習(xí)慣。（用漢語做答）13

28、Displacement means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.14. Phoneme is the smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning.15. Phonology is concerned with t

29、he linguistic patterning of sounds in human languages, with its primary aim being to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur. Decide the relations of the following pairs.(不考)1. Conceal Hide ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C.

30、Synonymy D. Incompatibility 2. Tulip Flower ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incompatibility 3. Buy Sell ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incompatibility 4. Fall Autumn ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incompatibility 5. Cat Dog ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. In

31、compatibility 6. Sow Pig ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incompatibility 7. Easy Difficult ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incompatibility 8. True False ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incompatibility 9. Stubborn Obstinate ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incom

32、patibility 10. Monday Friday ( )A. Hyponymy B. Antonymy C. Synonymy D. Incompatibility Explain the following terms.1. Morpheme the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content, the minimal unit of meaning, such as；free morpheme, bound morpheme, stem and root. The smallest un

33、it of language in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be further divided into smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.2.3. Syntax it is a branch of linguistics that how words are combined to form

34、sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences, Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct sentences. The form or structure of a sentence is governed by the rules of syntax, which specify word order, sentence organization, and the relationships between words, wor

35、d classes and other sentence elements. 4. interpersonal function Language serves an interpersonal function when it is used to establish and maintain their status in a society.Five sub-categories of interpersonal function: performative, directive, emotive, expressive, and phatic.enacts social relatio

36、nships (through mood and modality)5. syntagmatic relation6. the semantic triangle7. Displacement design features that make human language different from animal communication system:8. Hyponymy9. Affricate10. Narrow Transcription11. Back-formation Word-formation through lexical changediagnose diagnosis ，en