主語從句講解和練習(xí)題

1、高考英語主語從句定義：用作主語的從句叫主語從句，它是坍詞性從句之一。主語從句的時態(tài)：不受主句的時態(tài)影響和限制。 引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞有：從連詞：that, whether ；連接代詞：who (idioever), Thom, whose, what (whatever)和 irhich (whichever)；連接副詞：when, irfiere, how 和 why。連接詞：L 從屬連詞：that, whether1) that引導(dǎo)主語從句只超引導(dǎo)作用，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，that本身無實際意義，但不能省 略。2) whether意為“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引導(dǎo)

2、的名詞從句做主語，表語，介詞賓語, 同位語時！不可用if代替。a. That price will go up is certain.b. ffhether they would support us was a problem.他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。2. 連接代詞 who » what , which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who. whom, which, what uf 以和 ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what-樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起到強調(diào)作用。此類主語從句不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)， 它們在句子中擔(dān)任成分，不能省略，語序為陳述語序，既

3、有疑問含義，又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當(dāng)徉 種成分。Which side will win is not clear. Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Whatever he did is right. Who killed the scientist remains a question.1) What和that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的區(qū)別：that只超引導(dǎo)作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有意思。What不僅 起引導(dǎo)作用，還要充當(dāng)一宦成分(主語、賓語或表語)，意思是：“什么”。What we need is money. That he will come

4、is certain.2) whatever / whoever 的用法("everno matter ' 讓步狀語從句中whatever / whoever町以引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在句中作主語、賓語、表語等，不含疑問意義。whatever 相當(dāng)于 anything that： whoever 相當(dāng)于 anyone whoo 例如：Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam.Whatever(Anything that) she did was right.3. 連接副詞when,

5、where, how. why等。既有疑問含義,又起連接作用，同時在從句中充當(dāng)$種成分。How this happened is not clear to anyone.When he will be back depends on theweather.When we' 11 start tomorrow will be told soon. Where the test will be given is not yet decided.4. 主語從句后置：為了避免主語冗長，句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語,主語從句放在后而作真正的 主語. 例：That we shall be l

6、ate is1)用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)A.It + be +形容詞+(obvious, true, surprising, good,bable.It ISB.如：It isIt isIt*c.certain. It' s certain that we shall be late.true,etc.)如Jcertain that she willthat從句 wonderful, funny,do well inIt + be +名詞詞組+ that從句her(anpity/shame that. 遺憾的是It is afact that是事實 It is commona pity

7、that we can* t go.It + be +過去分詞+ that從句possible, likely, certain, proexam.honours a fact, a p ity, etc)surprise that令人驚奇的是knowledge that是常識(said.It isD如：reported, thought> expected, decided, announced, that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.+不及物動詞或短語+ that從句(seenit happen,etCc)如:saidItdoesn* t mat

8、ter turn out)It happenedome or2)對于以連接代詞(副詞)引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可以使用形式主語代主語從句，也可直接在句首使用主語從 句：a. Whether they would sup port us was a p roblem. b. It was a p roblem whether they would supportthat I was out that day.It doesn* tmatter whether she will cnot.us.3) 主語從句中的否出前移當(dāng)用it作形式主語，而將主語從句放在句尾時，主語從句中的否宦詞常要前務(wù)至主句中。例如：

9、It doesn* t seem that they are from the same university.It doesn* t appear that we* 11 have a sunny day tomorrow.5.注意：1) 主語從句在句首時，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞。誤J They should like each other is natxiral. 正： That they should like each other is natural.2) 在 It + be * suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted

10、/required 中，that 從句的謂語也 應(yīng)該用“should +動詞原形”的形式，should有時可以省略。主語從句中用陳述語序，后而的謂語動詞用 第三人稱單數(shù). It is suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.3) .用于 It is important /' natural / necessary impossible that. 句型中.主語從句應(yīng)使用虛 擬語氣，用"should +動詞原形”的形式，should有時可以省略。It is important and necessar

11、y that we (should) keep the balance of nature.4) “what”引導(dǎo)主語從句時，謂語動詞：常與其后的詞作表語一致，且根搖句子的語境而定。eg： What you left are only several old books.What you said is of great importance.5) 在 It is funny, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, no wonder, etc. + that 從句中，有時 謂語部分用should +動詞原形，來表達(dá)說話者的感情色彩，此時should tk

12、可省略。6) 語氣"It be + adj. /n. + that-clause與強調(diào)句型均有It be. that.之類的語言標(biāo)忠,但不同的是:前者 中的that從句是主語從句.若刪掉其中的It be和that.則剩余部分不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語意都不能成為一個句 子;但若將后者中的It be和that去掉，則剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和語意仍能構(gòu)成一個完整的句子強調(diào)句型譯 為漢語時可加上"正是"或"就是"之類的字眼，而主語從句則不可以.It is surprising that Mary should have won first place.令人驚奇的是瑪莉競

13、然獲得了第一It is Mary that has won first place正是嗎莉得了第一爼【強調(diào)】6主語從句的規(guī)律：例 1. ffhen will he come is not known. 正：When he will come is not known.規(guī)律一、主語從句一律用陳述語序，即主語在前，謂語在后。例 2, He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.正：That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.規(guī)律二、連詞th吐在從句中無實際意義，但不

14、能省略。例 3. If the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.正： Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.規(guī)律三.whether可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，放在句首，但if不能 例 4. That whether he will help others is a fact.正：That he will help others is a fact.規(guī)律四、主語從句中的連詞不能重疊使用。例 5. When he will come are a puzzle.

15、 正：When he will come is a puzzle.規(guī)律五、含主語從句的主句謂語動詞多用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。1. ffhat he needs is that book. 2. ffhat he needs are some books.規(guī)律六、what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，可根據(jù)表語決定主句動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。規(guī)律七、主語從句為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象，用it做形式主語，而把從句放在后面。That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.It is known to all that the earth turns around the s

16、un.a.he said at the meeting surprised us.b.1. what / thatsurprised us.2. if 7 whether you go or stay at home won* t make any differences.3. What a pity is you didn' t arrive by daylight.A. there, because B. it, that C. he, when D. that, for4. no matter how/who/wWe are ready to do the country wan

17、ts us to do.A. whathe turned up at the meeting5. It is a pity he madeA. That6. we* 11A IfB whichCthat you (should) miss an important speech at B. Why C. Whatno matter what D. whatever such a good chance.the meeting was true. D.7.gois known to usA ffhich8. It* s known to usA. water is9. It worried he

18、r a bitcamping tomorrow depends Whether C That is that America AsallBallonHow,the weather D WhereISC Whata developed country .D Itform of energy that water is.aB.her hair was turningC. is waterD. that water togray.A. whether 5. that10. What I say and think A. is B. are his dream of goingThat B. Whet

19、her11.C. what D. when none of your business.C. has D haveto college will come true is uncertain.C. IfD Even ifIt is known to us where there is pollution, there is harm.A. which B. where C. what D. thatI saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B.

20、What he broke C. He broke D. His break14. It remains a question we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what15. He made a promise anyone set him free he would make him very rich.A. that5. if C. whatD. that if16. They lost their way in the forest andmade matters worse

21、wasA. what： thatB* it： thatC. what： whenD. which; what17. that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says12.13.night began to fall.19.A.It20._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.What B. That C. How D Where worried Mary a lot sheA. whet

22、her B if C. that D._ is no possibilitywould pass the college entrance examination, howBob will win the first prize in the match.21.22.A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whethersurprised me most was such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; what B. What; that

23、 C. That： that D. What; what helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The personshe23.lessons.A. What;24. It wascouldn* t understand wasfewer and fewer students showed interest in herwhy B. That; why C. What; because D. ffhy; that he said disappointed me.A. W

24、hat： that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what25.26. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. Itleaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who27.28. Is this factoryA. that B. where C. in which D

25、. the one29. When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not30. is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. ffhoever D. Whateverknown D. have not knowny

26、ou visited the other day?B. Owing to a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late31. Tom liked to eat was different fromA. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. What-*what you had expected32. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If do B That

27、. do C. If does D. That. does33. It Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that34.It* s uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how35. the boy didn t take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which36. we can t get seems better than we have.A. ffhat, what B. ff