2020-2021高考英語閱讀理解綜合練習(xí)題及詳細答案

1、一、高中英語閱讀理解1 .閱讀理解It seems that electronic devices just keep getting smaller. Scientists in the United States have announced the creation of the first transistor with only two dimensions（二維）.A transistor is a small electronic device that transfers or carries electronic current. Scientists hope these

2、new 2D transistors will be used for building highresolution（高分辨率）displays that need very little energy.Two groups of scientists created these 2D transistors. They report that the transistors are only a few atoms thick.Usually transistors are made with the element silicon（硅）. Computer processors, mem

3、ory chips, TV screens and other electronic devices contain billions of silicon-based transistors. But these very small electrical parts have certain limitations.Dimitris Ioannou is an electrical engineering professor at George Mason University. He says the traditional transistor has been improved as

4、 much as it can be. He adds that researchers have been looking for new materials with special features and they want transistors to be seen through and soft."If the layers are very thin, the transistor can become flexible, so it doesn*t have to be rigid（堅 硬的），like it would be in a silicon chip.

5、 So people can think of applications like wearable electronics, television screens and other things,11 said Ioannou.These new transistors can also carry higher current. They also can move the current much faster than traditional transistors. This is important for high-definition screens.Dimitris Ioa

6、nnou says the scientific success could prove very useful in the future. "Now, how good and how useful it will be, it's still in the stage of research, but it certainly is an advance/' said Ioannou.（1） Which of the following statements about the newly created transistor is TRUE?A.They ar

7、e expected to be used in high-resolution displays.B.The transistors are made with the element silicon.C.They are rigid, just like traditional transistors.D.They have already been put into actual use.（2） What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The traditional transistors have been cha

8、nged into two-dimensional ones.B.Many of the traditional transistors have been improved over the years.C.The traditional transistor has been developed to its fullest.D.The traditional transistor has been developed quite well.（3） What is Dimitris Ioannou's attitude towards the creation of the new

9、 transistors?A.Negative.B.Neutral.C.lndifferent.Positive.【答案】（1）A（2） C（3） D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，美國科學(xué)家發(fā)明了新的二維晶體管，介紹了新型二 維晶體管的相關(guān)信息及未來前景。（1）考查細節(jié)理解. 根據(jù)第二段中的"Scientists hope these new 2D transistors will be used for building high-resolution （高分辨率）displays that need very little energy,可知，科學(xué)家們 希望能用這些新的二維晶

10、體管來制造高分辨率的顯示器。故選A,（2）考查句義猜測。劃線句句意為"他說傳統(tǒng)的晶體管已經(jīng)盡可能地改進了”可推知，傳 統(tǒng)的晶體管已經(jīng)開發(fā)到了極致。故選J（3）考查觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)最后一段中的Dimitris Ioannou所說的話可推知，他對于這種新 型的晶體管持有積極樂觀的態(tài)度。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細行理解，句義猜測和觀點態(tài)度三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱 讀，考生需要準確捕捉細門信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出 正確答案。2.閱讀理解I became a magician by accident. When I was nine years old,

11、I learned how to make a coin disappear. Td read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells （魔法）nine being that curious age at which you're old enough to work through more than 1, 200 pages of mysterious fantasy literature but youn

12、g enough to still hold out hope that you might find a book of real, actual magic in the library. The book I found instead taught basic sleight-of-hand （戲法）technique, and I devoted the next months to practice.Initially, the magic wasn't any good. At first it wasn't even magic; it was just a t

13、rick a bad trick. I spent hours each day in the bathroom running through the secret moves in front of the mirror. I dropped the coin over and over, a thousand times in a day, and after two weeks of this my mom got a carpet sample from the store and placed it under the mirror to eradicate the sound o

14、f the coin falling again and again.I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion （錯覺）in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a m

15、agic trick. It looked like a miracle. I knew that I had got what I wanted.One day I made the performance on the playground. We had been playing football and were standing by the backstop in the field behind the school. A dozen people were watching. I showed the coin to everyone. Then it disappeared.

16、 The kids screamed. They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant.（1） What did the author enter the adult section of the library to do?A. To kill his time.8. To find a book of magic. C To read The Lord of the Rings. D. To learn knowledge of literature.（2） What does th

17、e underlined word "eradicate" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Get rid of.B. Give out.C. Imitate.D. Distinguish.（3） What contributed to the author's success?A. His mother's help.B. The secret of quick moves.C. The inspiration from his father.D. His repeated hard practice.（4） How would the au

18、thor feel about the result of his performance on the playground?A. It*s fantastic.B. It's funny.C. It's awkward.D. It's disappointing.【答案】(1)B(2) A(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者變成魔術(shù)師是偶然的，并且具體講述了自己九 歲時學(xué)習(xí)如何讓硬幣消失的經(jīng)歷。(1)考查細 理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"I'd read The Lord of the Rings and risked coming

19、into the adult section of the library to search for a book of spells "我讀過魔戒，并且冒險進入 圖書館的成人區(qū)尋找魔法書，可知，作者進入圖書館的成人區(qū)是為了尋找魔法書。原文中 使用了不定式表達目的。故選丸(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段講述作者一開始練習(xí)讓硬幣消失時的練習(xí)經(jīng)歷，他每天 要在鏡子前練1000遍左右，那么硬幣也就會掉在地上1000次左右。所以劃線單詞所在句 子句意應(yīng)為：兩周后，媽媽從店里買了一塊地毯，把它放在鏡子下面，以掩蓋硬幣一次又 一次落下的聲音。故選A。(3)考查推理判斷° 根據(jù)第三段中的

20、“I had heard my dad work through passages of new music on the piano, so I knew how to practice slowly, deliberately, going for precision rather than speed. And then I tried the illusion (錯覺)in the mirror and an unbelievable scene took place. It did not look like a magic trick. It looked like a mirac

21、le.”可知,作者是在父親練習(xí)鋼琴的 經(jīng)歷的啟發(fā)下，領(lǐng)悟到了練習(xí)的真諦，最終取得了成功。故選C。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"They yelled, laughed, scrambled away. Everyone went crazy. This was brilliant77,可知作者在操場上表演完硬幣消失之后，K他同學(xué)歡呼、大 小并且都不知道是如何做到的，每個人都很瘋狂。作者認為這個經(jīng)歷是非常棒的。故選Ao【點評】本題考點涉及細行理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一盤故事類閱 讀，考生需要準確掌握細行信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出 正

22、確答案。3.閱讀理解Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique.Located in a home b

23、uilt in 1896 in Florida, US, the program serves students in grades 2 through 12 and will accept kindergarten students next year. It also offers an after-school program for students who attend traditional schools, as well as evening programs for adults and educators and weekend events for families.Th

24、ere is a different atmosphere from that of a traditional school building. Tables and brightly colored walls are white boards. In the science room, students are studying climate changes at a weather station, while in the music room, a student is solving an equation (等式)with his academic coach while h

25、e connects music theory and maths.The daily schedule at the school also stands out. HWe don*t assign boring or exhausting homework." said Space of Mind founder and CEO Ali Kaufman. Hlnstead of homework, we ask that they go home and take a video of themselves applying a lesson they learned or co

26、oking a meal for their family that they learned how to make at school.11For lunch, instead of traditional cafeteria dishes such as pizza, the school offers organic meals made out of products from local gardens and farms. "Our students also run a business at the Delray Beach Green Market on Satu

27、rdays so they can understand sustainable living practices and how to run a business/' Kafman said."We are also the first school program in Florida to start and end each day with 15 minutes of meditation (冥起!)J Kaufman said. HThe positive results we have been seeing in the students from medi

28、tation are amazing. We are really about infusing social, emotional and creative skills with academic and life skills.11(1) Space of Mind School.A. assigns no homework.B. urges students to use what they learn.C. teaches students to earn money in class. D. focuses on knowledge learning.(2) What can be

29、 inferred from the last paragraph?A. Yoga enjoys great popularity in US.B. The practice of meditation is amazing.C. The meditation session lasts 15 minutes daily. D. The students benefit from meditation.(3) The underlined word Uinfusing" in the last paragraph probably means.A. emphasizingB. che

30、ckingC. developingD. helping(4) What is the text mainly about?A. What makes Space of Mind School outstanding.B. Why Space of Mind School is popular in US.C. How the after-class programs of space of Mind School are organized.D. How Space of Mind School cultivates students1 life skills.【答案】B(2) D(3) C

31、(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了 Space of Mind School 一些獨特的理念和做 法。這些使得Space of Mind School與眾不同。(1)考查細節(jié)理解e 根據(jù)第一段"Imagine a school where self-awareness is celebrated, students are encouraged to solve maths problems by writing on the walls and applying learned lessons to real life is more important than

32、homework. These are a few of the concepts that makes Space of Mind School unique.'1可知，Space of Mind School推崇自我意識，學(xué)生們被鼓勵通過 在墻上寫字來解決數(shù)學(xué)問題，并將學(xué)到的知識應(yīng)用到實際生活中。故選(2)考查推理判斷° 根據(jù)最后一段中的"The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing."可知，我們從學(xué)生的冥想中看到的積極結(jié)果是驚人

33、 的。由此可知，冥想是有好處的。故選D。(3)考查詞義猜測° 根據(jù)最后一段中 的"The positive results we have been seeing in the students from meditation are amazing.”可知，冥想對學(xué)生有積極的影響。再結(jié)合劃線詞后的 skills可知，冥想可以“培養(yǎng)”學(xué)生的社交、情感和創(chuàng)新技能以及他們的學(xué)術(shù)和生活技能。故 選C。(4)考查主旨大意。第一段介紹了一些使得Space of Mind School獨一無二的理念。第二 段是對Space of Mind School的簡介。第三段介紹的是Space

34、of Mind School與眾不同的氛 圍。第四段介紹的是它獨特的日程安排。第五段介紹的是其獨特的午餐。最后一段介紹了 其首創(chuàng)的冥想活動。這些都使得Space of Mind School與眾不同，獨一無二。綜上，文章主 要介紹了使得Space of Mind School突出的因素。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細行理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一 篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細廿信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行 分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4.閱讀理解Norman Merriam Webster BES1850 DictionaryThis

35、 handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English! This dictionary is specially designed for all levels of language ability from beginners to advanced learners.Brand V7 Dictionary / TranslatorThis special model features the largest and most complete Russ

36、ian-English dictionary. Advanced English speech, accent correction function and specialized terms database will help you better communicate. Business organizers will allow you to stay in touch with the world through all kinds of advanced features.Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus DictionaryIt is the

37、 nearest word finder. It is also great for cross word puzzles. It will show you the time, day and date of local time zone and the same for over 100 cities throughout the world by simply entering the first letter of the name of the city.The Lingo Traveler 18It is an international translator containin

38、g over 96,000 words and 8,000 useful phrases. Equipped with a powerful databank, the Lingo Traveler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses.(1) Which dictionary can help to improve your Spanish?A. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus Dictionary B. The Lingo Tra

39、veler 18C. Norman Merriam Webster BES1850 Dictionary D. Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator(2) Which of the following is the most complete Russian-English dictionary?A. The Lingo Traveler 18B. Brand V7 Dictionary / TranslatorC. Seiko WP1500 Rogets III Thesaurus DictionaryD. Norman Merriam Webster BES18

40、50 Dictionary(3) What sets the Lingo Traveler 18 apart from other dictionaries?A. It provides readers with 96,000 phrases and 8,000 words.B. It shows the time, day and date of local time zone over 100 cities.C. It offers advanced features for you to stay in touch with the world.D. It can store your

41、appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.【答案】c(2) B(3) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，推薦了一些電子詞典，并介紹了每款電子詞典的優(yōu) 點©(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù) Norman Merriam Webster BES1850 Dictionary 部分中的“This handy translator provides you with 5,000,000 total translation to and from Spanish and English 可知Norman Merriam Webster BES185D

42、ictionary提供了西班牙語和英語互譯的五百萬條 翻譯，故推測該詞典可以幫助學(xué)好西班牙語。選C。(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù) Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator 部分中的“This special model features the largest and most complete Russian-English dictionary.“可知 Brand V7 Dictionary / Translator是最大和最完整的俄英詞典。故選B。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)前面三部分的內(nèi)容和The Lingo Traveler 18部分中的“the Lingo Trav

43、eler 18 allows you to store all of your appointments, telephone numbers, and addresses”可 知，只有Ling。Traveler有存儲預(yù)約，電話號碼和地址的功能。這是它與其它三種電子詞典 的不同之處.D. It can store your appointments, telephone numbers and addresses.”它能夠儲 存預(yù)約，電話號碼和地址''符合以上說法，故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細行理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需 要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)

44、上下文進行邏輯推理，而選出正確答案。5.閱讀理解By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol (UK) and Lyon (France) have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants (嬰 JL) for longer periods than their contemporar

45、y relatives.The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning (斷奶)that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthrop

46、us robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes (同位素)in the tooth enamel(牙釉質(zhì)),which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring(后代)was breastfed in significant proportions until the age of around

47、three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage(jfllc)/ such as the brain development.In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago and were a more robust species in terms of dental anato

48、my, as well as infants of Australopithecus africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months of life.These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures of groups as well as the time between the birth of one c

49、hild and the birth of the next.One of the study's lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: HThe practice of weaning - the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and

50、 modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.However, getting insig

51、hts into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far; little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotopes compositions in the fossil record in o

52、rder to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors." co nte mpora ry- relatives/ (1) What do we know the findings of the team?A. It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.B. It has disclosed the link between the weaning prac

53、tice and other traits.C. It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.D It's contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.< 2) What does the underlined phrase "such behavioral differences1' in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to?A.

54、Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.B. Differences in the social structure of groups.C. Differences in the practice of weaning.D. Differences in the change of behaviors.(3) What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The evolution of human lineage.B. The possible influence of nursing beha

55、viors.C. The exploration of compositions in the fossil.D. The function of mother milk at the age of infants.【答案】(1)A(2) C(3) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過對祖先牙齒化石的研究，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)第一批 用母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的人類比同時代的其他的近親在時間上要長很多，而這種育幼差異可能在 人類進化中扮演了重要角色，比如大腦發(fā)育和社會群體方而。(1)考查細節(jié)理解° 根據(jù)第二段中的"The results, published in the journal

56、Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知這項研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在科學(xué)進展雜 志上，為斷奶行為提供了第一手資料，而這在化石記錄中是看不到的。故選A。(2 )考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的"The practice of weaning - the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling - differs among the mode

57、rn members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos."可知現(xiàn)代人和古代人的斷奶行為不同， 而且人類和猩猩以及猿猴在斷奶的時間上是不同的，即不同時代/不同物種的斷奶行為是有 差異的，而畫線部分的such就是指上文提到的內(nèi)容。故選C。(3)考查主旨大意° 根據(jù)第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences . in the evo

58、lution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，這種行為差異的發(fā)展可能在人類血統(tǒng)成 員的進化中扮演了重要角色，例如與社會群體的大小和結(jié)構(gòu)，大腦的發(fā)展有關(guān)。所以短文 主要是關(guān)于育幼行為可能帶來的影響。故選【點評】本題考點涉及細行理解，句義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱 讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推 理，概括和歸納，從而

59、選出正確答案。6.閱讀理解Hi, I'm Neil Harbisso. I come from a place where the sky is always grey, where flowers are always grey, and where television is still in black and white.I actually come from a world where color doesn*t exist. I was born with achromatopsia. I was born completely color-blind. So I've never seen color; and don't know what it looks like. But since the