非謂語動(dòng)詞一輪復(fù)習(xí)龐

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞一輪復(fù)習(xí)講解非謂語動(dòng)詞基本概念 1. 不能充當(dāng)謂語2. 包括動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞和分詞三類。3. 無人稱和數(shù)的變化。4. 有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的肯定形式非謂語動(dòng)詞的肯定形式形形 態(tài)態(tài)主主 動(dòng)動(dòng)被被 動(dòng)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不動(dòng)詞不定式定式一般一般進(jìn)進(jìn) 行行完完 成成完成完成 進(jìn)行進(jìn)行過去分過去分詞詞現(xiàn)在分現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名詞名詞一般一般完成完成To doTo be doneTo be doingTo have dongTo have been doneTo have been doingdonedoingBeing doneHaving doneHaving been done2.非謂

2、語動(dòng)詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)主主語語賓賓語語表表語語定定語語補(bǔ)補(bǔ)語語狀狀語語動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞VVVV分詞分詞VVVV不定式不定式VVVVVV一一. 作狀語作狀語 基本原則：主語一致基本原則：主語一致1.） 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語 一方面不定式可一方面不定式可以獨(dú)立作目的狀語；另一方面不定式還以獨(dú)立作目的狀語；另一方面不定式還可以用在可以用在so as (to) 或或 in order (to) 后，后，表示目的。表示目的。They went there to visit their teacher. The bus stopped so as to pick u

3、p passengers. 2不定式作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語 不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)放于句末，其前常有副詞放于句末，其前常有副詞only,never,表出乎表出乎意料或事與愿違的結(jié)果。意料或事與愿違的結(jié)果。tooto, enough to ., so /suchas toHe woke up only / just to find everybody gone. He awoke, only to find (find) himself on the floor. 3不定式作原因狀語 常用beadj /ppto do結(jié)構(gòu)（happy lucky glad sorry anxio

4、us ready pleased.) (1) We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the field.(2) I was annoyed to hear them talk like that. 注意：此句型?？甲⒁猓捍司湫统？?主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)easy hard difficult comfortable safe dangerous.9I am sorry to hear that.I am sorry to have heard that.I am sorry to have said that.I am sorry to say

5、that.to do 和to have done 2）、分詞作狀語）、分詞作狀語 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。1) 時(shí)間時(shí)間 When _ (ask) why he was late, he burst into tears. _from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us._ from the hill , we find the city very beautiful.askd3

6、) 原因原因_ (sit) at the back of the classroom, he cant see the blackboard clearly._ (seat) at the back of the classroom, he cant see the blackboard clearly._ (bury埋埋) in the book, he didnt notice the sound._ (bury埋埋) himself in the book, he didnt notice the sound.Sitting_SeatedBuriedBurying4)讓步 Althoug

7、h not _(blame) for breaking the window, he felt guilty. Although _ (notice) their teachers disappointed look, they do their own business.blamednoticing有些過去分詞（短語）源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀有些過去分詞（短語）源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)語時(shí)不表動(dòng)作而表狀態(tài)不表動(dòng)作而表狀態(tài)。 be moved/pleased/disappointed/worriedbe dressed inbe lost in沉浸在be devoted to 致力于be suppos

8、ed to 應(yīng)該be located in位于be buried in專心于be faced with 面對be seated be prepared forbe determined to dobe tired of 厭煩be absorbed inbe born inbe occupied in忙于5. 伴隨、方式 He stood there _ (look) at me curiously. Mr Wu entered the office _ (follow) by a group of his students. Mr wu entered the office _ (follow

9、) Mr Liu.6. 結(jié)果 The train was caught in heavysnow , _ (cause) the delay. lookingfollowedfollowedcausing_ 6. 分詞作評(píng)論性狀分詞作評(píng)論性狀語語 其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語并不是句子的主語。generally speaking一般說來talking of (speaking of) 說道 strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說judging from 從判斷 all things considered 從整體來看taking all thi

10、ngs into consideration全面看來 given / considering 考慮到 supposing , provided, providing 假若 例如例如 ： his age, he did very well.(give) she doesnt come, what shall we do? (suppose)GivenSupposing動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式評(píng)論性狀評(píng)論性狀語語表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度, 在句中作獨(dú)立成分。在句中作獨(dú)立成分。to be honest / frank / fair / ； to tell you the truth;

11、to begin / start with ； to cut / make a long story short; to get (back) to the point 言歸正傳，回到正題上 to make things / matters worse更糟的是to put it another way 換言之， not to speak of 更不用說eg.To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill. 二、作定語二、作定語1.不定式作定語不定式作定語 若作定語的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞若作定語的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞, 則不定則不定式動(dòng)詞后

12、須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。式動(dòng)詞后須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Please give me a knife to cut _ Here is some paper for you to write _with.on但是如被修飾的名詞為但是如被修飾的名詞為time ，place，way 時(shí)，時(shí)，習(xí)慣上省去介詞習(xí)慣上省去介詞he had no place to live (in)(2) 在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、 the first， the last， the only 等修飾的名詞后作定語。等修飾的名詞后作定語。 She was the first woman_(win) the gol

13、d medal in the Olympic Games. (3)一些抽象名詞的同根詞常跟不定式一些抽象名詞的同根詞常跟不定式 因而它們因而它們也常跟不定式作定語，常見的有：也常跟不定式作定語，常見的有：ability, plan，offer, decision ,refusal,failure, warning eagerness,chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等等 Do you have the ability _(speak) E

14、nglish ? to winto speak 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的形式為：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的形式為：ving,beingved,ved 分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作： I dont know the man _over there. (stand) It seems that I once met with the man _us. (serve) (2) 分詞表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在（當(dāng)時(shí)）分詞表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在（當(dāng)時(shí)）的狀態(tài)：的狀態(tài)： Last year we had a drought _ 80 days. (last) standingservinglasting3.

15、不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞作定語ving表進(jìn)行ved表完成不表被動(dòng)boiled water正在沸騰的水表正在進(jìn)行boiling water白開水表完成fall develop(3) -ing形式的完成式一般不能用作形式的完成式一般不能用作定語定語,除非為非限制性的后置定語。除非為非限制性的后置定語。The manager wasnt angry with the man who had been so rude. (不用不用having been so rude)3. 過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語 過去分詞作定語時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不僅和過去分詞作定語時(shí)，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不僅和所修飾的名詞呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所修飾

16、的名詞呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)，要么發(fā)生同時(shí)，要么發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作之前，要么沒有一定的時(shí)于謂語動(dòng)作之前，要么沒有一定的時(shí)間性：間性：Have you read the novel _by Dickens ?(write) Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ (know) only to people with specific knowledge.writtenknown注意：注意：done, to be done, being done作定語的區(qū)別作定語的區(qū)別(hold) The meeting _ now is of great importance.

17、 The meeting _ yesterday was of great importance. The meeting _ tomorrow is of great importance.being heldheldto be held 24 The girl who is sitting in the corner is adorable. We visited a temple which was built 200 years ago. n后置定語相當(dāng)于省略的定語從句 singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speec

18、h drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾名詞的用途用途定語定語三、作賓語1. 常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，consider, suggest / advise, look forward to , excuse ,pardon 承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，admit, delay / put off , fa

19、ncy 避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise 否認(rèn)完成就能賞，deny , finish , enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，cant help , mind , allow/ permit , escape不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。forbid , risk , imagine 此外 be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, have

20、a good/wonderful/hard time (in),等短語后也要也用動(dòng)名詞作賓語2.只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞(短語)決定學(xué)會(huì)有希望 ，同意安排別假裝。(decide/determine/resolve,learn,hope/wish,agree,arrange,pretend）膽敢拒絕定失敗，準(zhǔn)備設(shè)法來幫忙。(dare/venture,refuse/decline,fail,prepare,manage, help)提出要求付得起，答應(yīng)計(jì)劃理應(yīng)當(dāng)。(ask/offer,demand/ask,afford,promise,plan,be supposed)努力期盼別猶豫，想要

21、發(fā)誓作保障。(endeavour,desire/expect,hesitate,want/wouldlike/should love,pledge/swear/vow,guarantee)3. 有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可接不定式作賓語。（有區(qū)別）作賓語。（有區(qū)別）1) forget to do sth.忘記去做某事（忘記去做某事（未做未做） forget doing sth.忘記做過某事（忘記做過某事（已做已做）2) remember to do sth.記著去做某事記著去做某事 remember doing sth. 記得做過某事記得做過某事3) stop

22、to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事停下來去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事4) regret to do sth. 對尚未做的或正在對尚未做的或正在 做的事情表示遺憾做的事情表示遺憾;regret doing sth對已做的事情表示后悔對已做的事情表示后悔5) mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事打算、意欲做某事 mean doing sth.意味著做某事意味著做某事6) cant help to do(不能幫忙做不能幫忙做) cant help doing (禁不住做禁不住做)7) try to do sth. try doing sth.

23、allow，advise，forbid，permit + doing allow，advise，forbid，permit + sb to do be allowed / advised / forbidden / permitted + to do后直接跟動(dòng)詞作賓語；但是如后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，則用不定式作賓補(bǔ) smoke We dont allow _here. We don t allow students_. Students are not allowed _.smokingto smoke4.4.賓語難點(diǎn)賓語難點(diǎn) to smoke5. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 need, require, wa

24、nt 作作“需要需要”解，解， + doing to be done sb to do sth.(需要需要/要求要求/想要）想要） (clean) The window requires _. 思考？思考？ -. cleaningto be cleaneddeserve (應(yīng)得應(yīng)受） be worth 6)不定式作動(dòng)詞（詞組）tell,show, understand, learn, advise, discuss, ask, deside, wonder等的賓語時(shí)，前面常帶引導(dǎo)詞how, what, where, when,who等 eg.He showed us how to do the

25、 work.=He showed us how we should do the work.注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞注意：不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為行為動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式定式不帶不帶to，否則要，否則要帶帶to。 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go 賓語賓語 7)四，四， 作賓語補(bǔ)足語作賓語補(bǔ)足語1,后接不

26、定式作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組 advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, intend, invite, order, prefer, remind, reqire, teach , tell, want, wish, call on, depend on等 eg.The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 注意：1).think, consider, believe suppose, feel, find, imagine, prove, appoint, jugde等后

27、常用“to be 作賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)。 People considered him to be a great leader.2),fear, excuse/forgive, refuse, punish, suggest/propose, agree/aprove,inform, welcome, insist/persist, hope, arrange, demand, thank, congratulate, prevent 等后不能使用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。fear to do sthfear for sthexcuse/forgive sb for (doing) sthpunish sb fo

28、r/by doing sthpunish sb with sthagree to do sthdemand to know/see/have sthdemand sth of sb2. 分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別別 1感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等等和使役動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有后面的賓補(bǔ)有四四種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞（不帶種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞（不帶to 的不的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表在分詞表_或或_，過去，過去分詞表

29、分詞表_或或 _，動(dòng)詞原，動(dòng)詞原形表形表_和和_。主動(dòng)進(jìn)行被動(dòng)完成主動(dòng)全過程 singI heard her _ an English song just now.I heard her _ an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard the English song _ many times.I heard an English song_ when I passed by her room yesterday.singsingingsungbeing sung2. 使役動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞have, get , make后

30、接三種形式作賓后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)補(bǔ)時(shí). have sth. done = get sth. done “使使/讓某事讓某事由別人去做由別人去做”（叫（叫/讓某人做某事）。如讓某人做某事）。如Ill have /get my bike _ (repair) tomorrow.此外，此外，have sth. done 還表示還表示“使遭受使遭受”之之意。如意。如Mr. Smith had his house _ (break) into while he was away on holiday. have, make sb. / sth. doing 使使/讓某人讓某人/物持物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在

31、分詞表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行）repairedbroken注意：注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句若用于否定句中，其中中，其中have 有有“_”之意。如：之意。如：I wont have you speaking to your parents like that. have還可用于還可用于have sth. to do 結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)中構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)中have 翻譯為翻譯為_I have something urgent to inform you.容忍容忍_擁有擁有_有有have sth. to do; have sth. to be don

32、e區(qū)別區(qū)別1) Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything_ to your son? (take)2) Im going to Beijing next week. I have a lot of things _ with me. (take)to be takento take總結(jié)：此結(jié)構(gòu)中如句中出現(xiàn)不定式的邏輯主語，則用不定式的主動(dòng)形式，反之應(yīng)用其被動(dòng)形式。3. leave 后接賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中的leave 保留了原來之義“留下”，但表達(dá)的確切之義是“使處于某種狀態(tài)）。 leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事（

33、賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂主謂關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。）leave sb. to do/sth to be done (不定式表未發(fā)生）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表被動(dòng)和完成，一般以u(píng)ndone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多）.1）.Its wrong of you to leave the machine _ (run).2）.The guests left most of the dishes _ （touch）, because they didnt taste delicious.runninguntouched

34、4. catch, find, keep1）At that time, I found him _ in the street.（wander)2）After getting off the bus, he found his wallet _.3）He was caught _. (steal)4）Im sorry to have kept you _ for such a long time(wait)wanderingstolenstealingwaiting51 do have/make/let + sth./sb. doing done to do get/leave + sth./

35、sb. doing done doing keep sb./sth done被動(dòng)句還原to使 役 動(dòng) 詞5.常用不定式作主補(bǔ)的句型sb be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thoughtto do /to be done/to have been done其他據(jù)說他已經(jīng)出國了。He is said to have gone abroad.He is said to go abroad五，作主語 Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out！To play with fire is

36、 dangerous.1. to do 表示具體的動(dòng)作，表示具體的動(dòng)作， -ing form 表示泛指的動(dòng)作。表示泛指的動(dòng)作。2. 不定式短語作主語時(shí)不定式短語作主語時(shí)，往往放在，往往放在謂語之后，用謂語之后，用 it 作形式主語。作形式主語。 It is right to give up smoking. It made me very happy to hear her talk about it. 再比較再比較 Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 區(qū)別區(qū)別：一般說來，動(dòng)名詞多指比

37、較抽：一般說來，動(dòng)名詞多指比較抽象的概念性的動(dòng)作象的概念性的動(dòng)作,可以是多次的可以是多次的,經(jīng)常經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式表示具體的動(dòng)作，性的行為；不定式表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次具體的動(dòng)作。尤其是某一次具體的動(dòng)作。_ is good for our health._ in this river is not allowed. (swim)_ (expose) to the sun for a long time does harm to your skin.常用句式：常用句式：1.It is + adj. + for/ of sb.2. It is no use/good/fun / a was

38、te of time Its impossible _ one _ (know) everything.Its very kind _ you to come _ (see) us off.It is a waste of time _ (勸說勸說) such a person to join us. to do sth.doing sth.of to know of to see persuading 3.“there is no +doing”句型動(dòng)名詞后常句型動(dòng)名詞后常帶賓語，相當(dāng)于帶賓語，相當(dāng)于Its impossible to結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)。 Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.Itbe名詞名詞to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it ta