2017年12月六級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀真題與解析卷二

1、Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.You mayhave heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The “coca in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drinks originator, chemist John Pemberton

2、, mixed with his sugary syrup 姜汁.At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic 滋補(bǔ)品, and Pemberton' s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. But the other half of the name represents another ingredient , less infamous名聲不好的,perhaps, but a

3、lso strangely potent: the kola nut.In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants.Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa

4、is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.Europeans did not know o

5、f them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts downthe coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson madehis way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar t

6、o his eyes.By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular medicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was creat

7、ed by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink,it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all

8、 the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It' sbecome so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985 sweetening it in a moveprojected to bo

9、ost sales proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. "Coca-Cola Classic , returned to store shelves just three months after the “New Cok? was released.These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it ' s said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying i

10、nstead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.你可能聽說可口可樂曾經(jīng)含有一種能夠使消費(fèi)者“死忠的成分：可卡因.名中的“ coca指的是古柯葉的提取物,該飲料的創(chuàng)始人化學(xué)家約翰彭伯頓用 它與含糖的姜汁混合在一起.當(dāng)時(shí),古柯葉提取物與葡萄酒混合是常見的滋補(bǔ)品, 而當(dāng)?shù)胤山钩鍪酆凭嬃?彭伯頓的甜飲那么避開了該法律.“cola代表 另一種成分一一可樂果：盡管名聲不太好,但非常給力.在西非,人們長期以來一直嚼著可樂果作為興奮劑,由于它們含有咖啡因. 咖啡因在茶、咖啡和巧克力中也天然存在.它們也有心臟興奮劑.歷史學(xué)家保羅洛夫喬伊指出,

11、西非的可樂果種植已有數(shù)百年的歷史.枝繁 葉茂的可樂果樹被種植在墳?zāi)股?作為傳統(tǒng)儀式的一局部.盡管可樂果需要保持 濕潤,在運(yùn)輸上需要謹(jǐn)慎處理,但是貿(mào)易商卻帶著它們穿越森林和草原,運(yùn)送了數(shù)百英里.直到十六世紀(jì),葡萄牙船只抵達(dá)現(xiàn)在的塞拉利昂海岸時(shí),歐洲人才知道它們.盡管葡萄牙人也參加了可樂果貿(mào)易,將可樂果和其他貨物一起裝船運(yùn)輸,但1620 年英國探險(xiǎn)家理查德喬布森前往岡比亞看到可樂果時(shí),仍覺得它奇怪.到十九世紀(jì)后期,可樂果才被大量運(yùn)往歐洲和美國.很多可樂果入了藥,把 它做能量增強(qiáng)劑.當(dāng)時(shí)有一種受歡送的藥用飲料叫馬里亞尼葡萄酒,是一種法國 產(chǎn)的古柯提取物與紅葡萄酒的混合.該產(chǎn)品由法國化學(xué)家安杰洛馬里亞

12、尼于 1863年創(chuàng)立.所以當(dāng)彭伯頓創(chuàng)造了他的飲料,代表著不斷開展的趨勢.可卡因 作為飲料配料最終“失寵時(shí),可樂果提取物變得受歡送起來.第一年,可口可樂在所有亞特蘭大的冷飲小賣部的銷量只有平均九份每天.隨著它越來越受歡送,該公司開始銷售瓶裝蘇打水,所以它更便于隨身攜帶.現(xiàn) 在每天的銷量高達(dá)約十九億瓶.可口可樂儼然已成為一種標(biāo)志,以至于 1985年 改變其的口味的嘗試被證實(shí)是災(zāi)難性的：原以為使其變得更甜可以促進(jìn)銷售,不料引起了消費(fèi)者普遍憤慨.“經(jīng)典可口可樂在“新可樂發(fā)布后的三個(gè)月后 重新回到貨架上.直到現(xiàn)在,可口可樂的配方仍是一個(gè)嚴(yán)格保守的秘密.據(jù)說它不再含有古柯 提取物,而是依靠人造的仿制品來到

13、達(dá)相同的口味.46. What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?A) He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.B) He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.C) He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.D) He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca

14、 leaves.【答案詳解】答案是A.由第一自然段最后一句"But the other half of the name represents another ingredient , less infamous, perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut我們可以得知“ cola代表另一種成分可樂果：盡管名聲不太好,但非常給力.很多同學(xué)首先就把A排除,理由是可口可樂不屬于 食品(food)的范疇.食品定義是“可供人類食用或飲用的物質(zhì),飲料當(dāng)然也 屬于廣義的食品.做閱讀理解,幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)一定要仔細(xì)比擬、揣摩.【干擾分析】B、D選項(xiàng)具有

15、很大的迷惑性.C選項(xiàng)很容易排除.由第一自然段第 三句 "Pemberton's sweet brew wasa way to get around local laws prohibitingthe sale of alcohol 我們可以得知：當(dāng)?shù)胤山钩鍪酆凭嬃?彭伯頓 的甜飲那么避開了該法律.換言之,可口可樂是不含酒精的,他本人也沒有冒違反 法律的風(fēng)險(xiǎn).故可排除B> D選項(xiàng).C選項(xiàng)“變得聲名狼藉(becamenotorious ) 很容易排除,由于文章中提到聲名狼藉的是可樂果,而不是彭伯頓.47. What does the passage say abou

16、t kola nuts?A) Their commercial value was first discovered by Portuguese settlers. B) They contain somekind of energy boost not found in any other food. C) Many were shipped to Europe in the late 19th century for medicinal use.D) They were strange to the Europeans when first imported from West Afric

17、a.【答案詳解】答案是C.由第5自然段的頭兩句"By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Manymadetheir way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost 我們可以得知：到十九世紀(jì)后期,可樂果才被大量運(yùn)往歐洲和美國. 很多可樂果入了藥,把它做 能量增強(qiáng)劑.【干擾分析】此題相關(guān)的閱讀點(diǎn)散布在2-5自然段多個(gè)地方,信息量大.B選項(xiàng)容易排除,A、D有較大的迷惑性,需仔細(xì)比擬.文中第四

18、自然段提到,葡萄 牙人用船只將可樂果運(yùn)往歐洲,并從事可樂果貿(mào)易,但并不能斷定葡萄牙定居者 首先發(fā)現(xiàn)可樂果的商業(yè)價(jià)值,排除 Ao第二自然段提到,可樂果含有咖啡因,它 在茶、咖啡和巧克力中也存在,排除 B.第二、三自然段屢次提到西非,但沒有 明確提及歐洲人首次從西非進(jìn)口可樂果的相關(guān)信息.第四自然段中提到十六世紀(jì) 時(shí)葡萄牙船只抵達(dá)現(xiàn)在的塞拉利昂海岸,塞拉利昂是西非國家,但并不能由此斷定首次進(jìn)口可樂果是葡萄牙人所為,故排除 a48. How come kola-extract colas became popular?A) Cocaine had become notorious.B) Alcohol

19、ic drinks were prohibited.C) Fountains were set up to sell them.D) Rights were sold to bottle the soda.【答案詳解】答案是Ao由第五自然段最后一句"Whencocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular我們可以得知：可卡因作為飲料配料最終“失寵 (fell from grace )時(shí),可 樂果提取物變得受歡送起來.其“失寵是由于它聲名狼藉,此后

20、作為代替品的 可樂果提取物變得受歡送.【干擾分析】B、C選項(xiàng)與題干相關(guān)度低,而 D有一定的迷惑性.B、C選項(xiàng)在文 中確實(shí)有提到,但與題干相關(guān)度低.倒數(shù)第二自然段第二句話提到,隨著可口可 樂越來越受歡送,該公司開始銷售瓶裝蘇打水,所以它更便于隨身攜帶.這里講 的是可口可樂受歡送與瓶裝蘇打水兩者的關(guān)系,而不是講可樂果提取物是如何變得受歡送的,故排除D49. What is known about the taste of Coca-Cola?A) It was so designed as to create addiction in consumers.B) It still relies on

21、 traditional kola nut extract.C) It has become more popular among the old.D) It has remained virtually unchanged since its creation.【答案詳解】答案是Do由倒數(shù)第二自然段的最后兩句我們可以得知,1985年改 變其的口味的嘗試被證實(shí)是災(zāi)難性的,經(jīng)典可口可樂在“新可樂發(fā)布后的三個(gè)月后重新回到貨架上.另外,由文章的最后一句我們可以得知,它不再含有 可樂果提取物,而是依靠人造的仿制品來到達(dá)相同的口味.綜上所述,可口可樂自創(chuàng)立以來,其味道幾乎沒有變化.【干擾分析】B選項(xiàng)很容

22、易排除,A C在文中沒有提及.有的同學(xué)錯(cuò)選 A,認(rèn)為 A選項(xiàng)中的上癮與文中提到的可卡因有關(guān),早期的可口可樂含可卡因,而可卡因 可能讓人上癮,由此臆斷這是該產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的目的.其實(shí)文中并未明確提及 addition,而它也絕非創(chuàng)始人設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品的初衷.做閱讀理解切忌先入為主,想當(dāng) 然.可口可樂自創(chuàng)立以來,其味道幾乎沒有變化,確定D為正確選項(xiàng)的同時(shí)又可 以排除Bo文中沒有明確的提及該飲料是否會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者上癮或它是否在老年人群 中越來越受歡送,屬“無中生有",故排除 A Co50. What is the passage mainly about?A) The evolution of Coca-C

23、ola.C) The medicinal value ofCoca-Cola.B) The success story of Coca-Cola. D) The business strategy of Coca-Cola.【答案詳解】答案是Ao本文從可口可樂的名字談起,然后說到該產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)立與 開展.全文貫穿了其開展史中較為有趣的幾件代表性事件,究其主旨,可口可樂的開展演變最為貼切.【干擾分析】B、C、D等干擾項(xiàng)在文中都有提及,但均以偏概全,不能作為全文 的主旨大意,故排除.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following pas

24、sage.Twenty years ago, the Urban Land Institute defined the two types of cities that dominated the US landscape: smaller cities that operated around standard 9-5 business hours and large metropolitan areas that ran all 24 hours of the day. Analyzing and comparing cities using the lens of this basic

25、divide gives interesting context to how investment capital flows and housing prices have shifted.In recent years, many mid-sized cities have begun to adopt a middle-of-the-road approach incorporating the excitement and opportunity of large cities with small cities' quiet after midnight. The se 1

26、8-hour cities are beginning to make waves in real estate rankings and attract more real estate investment. What is underlying this new movementin real estate, and why do these cities have so much appeal?18-hour cities combine the best of 24-hour and 9-5 cities, which contributes to downtown revitali

27、zation. For decades, manydowntown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by workers who lived in the suburbs. Movement out of city centers was widespread, and downtown tenants were predominantly madeup of the working poor. This generated little commercefor downtown busine

28、sses in the evenings, which madebusiness and generating tax revenue for municipal upkeep difficult. With the rise of a new concept in urban planning that aims to make life easier and more convenient, however, increasing popularity for urban areas that caused the real estate pushes, in major cities l

29、ike San Francisco or New York, has inspired a type of forward thinking urbanity and policy in smaller cities.Transforming downtown areas so that they incorporate modem housing and improved walkability to local restaurants, retail, and entertainment especially when combined with improved infra struct

30、ure for cyclists and public transit makes them appeal to a more affluent demographic. These adjustments encourage employers in the knowledge and talent industries to keep their offices downtown. Access to foot traffic and proximity to transit allow the type of entertainment-oriented businesses such

31、as bars and restaurants to stay open later, which attracts both younger, creative workers and baby boomers nearing retirement alike. Because of their smaller size , most keep hours that allow people to enjoy themselves, then have somequiet after midnight, as opposed to large major cities like New Yo

32、rk, where the buzz of activity is ongoing.These 18-hour cities are rapidly on the rise and offer great opportunities for homeowner investment. In many of these cities such as Denver, a diverse and vigorous economy attracted to the urban core has offered stable employment for residents. The right urb

33、an mix has propped up home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital.二十年前,美國城市土地學(xué)會(huì)限定了主導(dǎo)美國的兩類城市：圍繞朝九晚五工 作時(shí)間的小城市,以及24小時(shí)全天候的大都市區(qū).以根本分類的視角來分析和 比擬城市,給資本流動(dòng)和房價(jià)變化提供了有趣的背景.近年來,許多中等城市開始采取折中的方式,將大城市的精彩和機(jī)遇與小城市的夜間的寧靜地結(jié)合起來.這些18小時(shí)城市開始在房地產(chǎn)排名上掀起波瀾并吸引 更多的房地產(chǎn)投資.隱藏在新房地產(chǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)背后的秘密是什

34、么,為什么這些城市有 如此的吸引力18小時(shí)城市集24小時(shí)城市和朝九晚五式小城市的優(yōu)勢于一身,而這有助于 城市復(fù)興.幾十年來,許多工人在中央?yún)^(qū)上班,下班后返回郊區(qū)的家,以至于中 小城市的許多中央?yún)^(qū)在下班后被“遺棄.遷出市區(qū)運(yùn)動(dòng)普遍存在,在市中心居住的主要是在市區(qū)上班的貧困人口.這就導(dǎo)致了市中央?yún)^(qū)夜間商機(jī)微乎其 微,生意難做,稅收減少,市政維護(hù)難.城市規(guī)劃新概念旨在使生活更輕松、更 方便,然而諸如舊金山、紐約等大城市中,城區(qū)越來越受歡送,推動(dòng)了地產(chǎn)開展. 城市規(guī)劃新概念激發(fā)了中小城市關(guān)于都市風(fēng)格和政策的前瞻思維.改造市中央?yún)^(qū)域,將現(xiàn)代住宅與可步行性結(jié)合,讓人們步行就可以到達(dá)當(dāng)?shù)?的餐館,零售和娛樂

35、場所,特別是為騎自行車者和公共交通系統(tǒng)提供更好的根底 配套.這樣,市中央?yún)^(qū)對(duì)富裕人口也有吸引力.這些調(diào)整鼓勵(lì)知識(shí)和人才行業(yè) 的雇王將辦公室留在市中央.獲得更大的人流量以及便利的交通使得諸如酒吧和餐館等娛樂導(dǎo)向型產(chǎn)業(yè) 營業(yè)到更晚,這對(duì)年輕人,創(chuàng)意工作者和接近退休的嬰兒潮一代同樣具有吸引力. 由于這些城市規(guī)模較小,人們?cè)跔I業(yè)時(shí)間享受樂趣,然后在午夜之后有一份安靜, 而不是像紐約那樣的大城市,時(shí)刻喧囂不停.這些18小時(shí)的城市正在迅速崛起,為房主投資提供了巨大的商機(jī).眾多諸 如丹佛這樣的城市,具多元和有活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)吸引人們走向中央城區(qū),并為居民提供了穩(wěn)定的就業(yè)時(shí)機(jī).城市商住恰當(dāng)組合推高了住宅的入住率,提

36、升了房地產(chǎn)價(jià)值,吸引了大量的投資資本.51. What do we learn about American cities twenty years ago?A) They were divided into residential and business areas.B) Their housing prices were linked with their prosperity.C) There was a clear divide between large and small cities.D) They were places where large investment capi

37、tal flowed.【答案詳解】答案是Co由文章首句我們得知：二十年前,美國城市土地學(xué)會(huì)限 定了主導(dǎo)美國的兩類城市：圍繞朝九晚五工作時(shí)間的小城市,以及 24小時(shí)全天 候的大都市區(qū).簡而言之,大小城市之間存在明確的劃分,故C為正確選項(xiàng).【干擾分析】此題屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題,關(guān)鍵在于找到對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn).作為第一題,其 在文中對(duì)應(yīng)的閱讀點(diǎn)通常出現(xiàn)在開頭局部,選錯(cuò)的同學(xué)應(yīng)該對(duì)順序法進(jìn)行反思. 文中并沒有提及美國城市住宅區(qū)和商業(yè)區(qū)的劃分,不應(yīng)將第三自然段中“許多工人在中央?yún)^(qū)上班,下班后返回郊區(qū)的家與住宅區(qū)和商業(yè)區(qū)的劃分等同起來.文 中提到了房價(jià)變化,卻沒有明確提及房價(jià)與城市的繁華二者之間的關(guān)系；文中最后一自然段

38、中提到了諸如丹佛這樣的18小時(shí)城市,提升了房地產(chǎn)價(jià)值,吸引了大量的投資資本,講的是現(xiàn)狀,與題干中“二十年前不符,所以 R D選項(xiàng)也 可以排除.52. What can be inferred from the passage about 18-hour cities?A) They especially appeal to small businesses.B) They have seen a rise in property prices.C) They have replaced quiet with excitement.D) They have changed America 

39、9; s landscape.【答案詳解】答案是B.由第五自然段最后一句"The right urban mix has propped up home occupancy, increased property values, and attracted significant investment capital 可以得知：城市商住恰當(dāng)組合推高了住宅的入住率,提升 了房地產(chǎn)價(jià)值,吸引了大量的投資資本.換言之,以丹佛為代表的18小時(shí)城市, 隨著住宅入住率提升,房價(jià)也會(huì)相應(yīng)提升,故 B為正確答案.【干擾分析】此題干擾項(xiàng)中既有文中提到的信息,出題人將它們成心和一些無中 生有的信息甚至是

40、錯(cuò)誤的信息放在一起,考生要注意甄別.A、D選項(xiàng)的局部信息在文中確有提到,如“ businesses "和"landscape ,但出題人成心增加了文 中沒有 的信息.文中不止一次提到“ businesses ",但沒有提到“ small businesses ",二者不能等同；文中第一自然段中提到“ landscape ,但講述的 是大小城市的劃分,而此題談?wù)摰氖墙楹醮笮〕鞘兄g的第三種類型一一18小時(shí)城市,更不能混為一談,故 A、D可以排除.而C選項(xiàng)明顯不對(duì),第二自然段 第一句告訴我們,近年來,許多中等城市開始采取折中的方式,將大城市的精彩和機(jī)遇與小城

41、市的夜間的寧靜地結(jié)合起來.由此我們可以判斷出, 18小時(shí)并非 是用精彩取代了安靜,也可以排除 Bo53. Years ago, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities.A) had hardly any business activity.B) were crowded in business hours.C) exhibited no signs of prosperity.D) looked deserted in the evenings.【答案詳解】答案是Do由第三自然段第二句話“ For decades, many downtown cores in small to mid-sized cities were abandoned after work hours by work