上海英語導(dǎo)游詞(2014版) 上海石庫門之概況,新天地,田子坊

1、Neighborhoods of Shikumen HousesTips for the guide:Shikumen was the typical residence in Shanghai. It is the result of the crowded environment and the mingling of eastern and weastern cultures. Its unique structure has created a neighborhood that apartment-dwellers seldom enjoy. Xintiandi and Tianzi

2、fang are the best preserved samples where entertainment complexes are housed in a layout of traditional Shikumen houses. An introduction of Shikumen may include the explanation of its name, its structuring design and its functional features in the light of the social conditions.Brief introductionShi

3、kumen, which literally means “stone gate”, is the unique housing style in Shanghai, representing the fusion of the eastern and western cultures代表著東西方文化的融合. It was once very popular in the 1930s.The Shikumen houses are two-or three-story townhouses聯(lián)排別墅/聯(lián)體別墅/連體別墅, with the front yard protected by a hi

4、gh brick wall. A distinctive feature of this architecture這種體系結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn) is a pair of black wooden doors framed by heavy stone, with an extravagant kstrvg()nt 奢侈的/揮霍的 bronze handle on each of the doors. The lintel lnt()l 過梁 above the doors is often decorated with stone carving in the Baroque style巴洛克風(fēng)

5、格/巴洛克式. This gate provides residents with a sense of status and security. Behind the gate is a courtyard ktjd 庭院/院子/天井/中庭, and further inside更深處 is a living room with two wing rooms, one on either side一只一邊. In the back part of the living room are two flights of stairs leading to the upper floor. Beh

6、ind the stairs are the kitchen and a back door. The layout of the second floor is similar to the one below. The space above the kitchen was used as a loft閣樓/頂樓 with a flat roof. Brief introductionShikumen, which literally means “stone gate”, is the unique housing style in Shanghai, representing the

7、fusion of the eastern and western cultures代表著東西方文化的融合. It was once very popular in the 1930s.The Shikumen houses are two-or three-story townhouses聯(lián)排別墅/聯(lián)體別墅/連體別墅, with the front yard protected by a high brick wall. A distinctive feature of this architecture這種體系結(jié)構(gòu)的一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn) is a pair of black wooden door

8、s framed by heavy stone, with an extravagant kstrvg()nt 奢侈的/揮霍的 bronze handle on each of the doors. The lintel lnt()l 過梁 above the doors is often decorated with stone carving in the Baroque style巴洛克風(fēng)格/巴洛克式. This gate provides residents with a sense of status and security. Behind the gate is a courty

9、ard ktjd 庭院/院子/天井/中庭, and further inside更深處 is a living room with two wing rooms, one on either side一只一邊. In the back part of the living room are two flights of stairs leading to the upper floor. Behind the stairs are the kitchen and a back door. The layout of the second floor is similar to the one

10、below. The space above the kitchen was used as a loft閣樓/頂樓 with a flat roof. Brief introductionThe Shikumen-style houses form形成/構(gòu)成/組成 the basis of the “Li Long” (lanelen小巷) community where private spheres and public spaces私人領(lǐng)域和公共空間 overlapped重疊. The courtyard provides an “ interior haven室內(nèi)/內(nèi)部的港口/避難所

11、/安息所” where the occupants 居住者/購買者/租賃人 could grow vegetation植被/植物/草木 and enjoy the rain and the sunshine without going out. The courtyard also allows las adequate dkwt 充足的/適當(dāng)?shù)?勝任的 ventilation ,ventle()n通風(fēng)設(shè)備/空氣流通 into the rooms. In this community, everyone knows everyone elses business. As the density

12、 of the community rose, some family activities were often moved to public spaces.During the time of turbulence tbjl()ns騷亂/動(dòng)蕩, the common wall, the courtyard and the attached houses enhanced nhnst提高；加強(qiáng) interaction among neighbors and gave the residents a sense of security and belonging. By world War

13、II, Shikumen houses had accommodated more than 80% of the population in the city.XintiandiShikumen houses are monuments of Shanghais past and deserve to be preserved. While many of them are erased to被抹去 make way for glitteringgltr skyscrapers, some of them are well preserved and converted for variou

14、s purposes. For example, Xintiandi, literally meaning “new heaven and earth”, is a brilliant example of this effort. It is not only Chinas finest historical redevelopment project, but also a model for Asia. A two-block neighborhood, south of the Peoples Square. XintiandiXintiandi is operated for bot

15、h commercial and cultural purposes. It consists of the North and the South Blocks on the two sides of Xingye Road, where the site of the First Congress Hall of CCP is located. In the South Block, modern architecture is the motifmtif主旨 while Shikumen is an accompaniment伴隨物. In the North Block, the we

16、ll-preserved Shikumen sets a splendid contrast with對(duì)比 the modernity of the South Block. This two-block entertainment is stuffed with塞滿了 modern restaurants, clubs, cafes and boutiques專賣店 in a delightful maze縱橫交錯(cuò) of cobbled鋪有鵝卵石的 streets. The modern facilities are accessorized with old bricks, stone g

17、ates and ornately carved wooden balconies from the dense old courtyard houses密集的老四合院 that previously filled those blocks.XintiandiVincent Lo, Chairman of Shui On Group瑞安集團(tuán), who owns 97% of Xintiandi, got lots of support from Shanghai Municipal Government for such a sensitive investment. There is ano

18、ther person that cannot be missed, i.e. Ben Wood, a world famous architect and designer. Xintiandi is definitely the turning point of 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn) his personal life. Wood forested communal feelings in some notably un-Chinese tradition for alfresco dining, he designed the neighborhood to be chockablock with被塞

19、滿了 outdoor cafes. He also created a wide esplanade sweeping along the edge of an artificial lake人工蓄水池.XintiandiIn The New Yorker magazine, Xintiandi is described as “ a stage set of an idyllic past, created so that people in China can experience the same finely wrought balance of theme park and shop

20、ping mall that increasingly passes for upscale urban life in the United States.” As a new landmark of Shanghai, Xintiandi has transformed nightlife and entertainment in Shanghai.Tianzifang Tianzifang should be considered as another glimmering example of preservation and development of the local Shik

21、umen architecture. Located labyrinthine alleyways迷宮般的小巷 ofTaikang Road near Dapu Bridge, it is an arts and crafts enclave enklev develop from arenovated residential area住宅區(qū)/居民區(qū) with families still residing in居住于 neighboring building.It is also referred to as Taikang Road.Based on the similar idea of

22、 renovation while preserving the local Shikumen-style houses like Xintiandi, this area is converted into被轉(zhuǎn)化成 a great place for arts in Shanghai. Since 1998, a lot of famous Chinese artists, including Chen Yifei, Er Dongqiang, Wang Jieyin andWang Jiajun, set up their studios in Tianzifang, which make

23、s its fame. TianzifangMost of the art studios in Tianzifang are changed from abandoned old factories 廢棄的舊工廠. A lot of handcraft shops also opened on the street. Unlike Xintiandi, Tianzifang has also managed to preserve its residential feel, which adds much to its attractiveness. From the beginning o

24、f 2007, journalists, tourists and local residents began to visit the area and spread the word about the cozy舒適的, little lane area that houses some interesting and creative business. Chinese and Western arts develop together in Tianzifang, which makes more people in the world know Taikang Road. The N

25、ew York Times also helped increase Tianzifangs fame abroad. There are three main north-south lanes南北通道 crisscrossed by irregular east-west alleyways被不規(guī)則的東西小巷縱橫交錯(cuò), making a lot of touring fun.Tianzifang Housed in No.2, Lane 210 is the Tianzifang Art Center, an excellent public exhibition stage for artists, college students, promising designers 有前途的設(shè)計(jì)師 and locals. Exhibition of photography ftgrf 攝影/攝影藝術(shù) , calligraphyklgrf書法筆/筆跡 and paintings are held regularly. Nowadays Tianzifang has more than 200 diverse small businesses such as cafes, bars, restaurants, art galle