新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4課后練習(xí)

1、1、 Cloze 1×10=10分 選擇Unit 4 Text A 1-5段Unit 5 Text A 4-8段Unit 6 Text A 1-6段2、 Listening Comprehension 1×25=25分 選擇 來自課外部分3、 Reading Comprehension 2×15=30分 選擇 來自課外部分4、 Vocabulary 1×20=20分 選擇來自Unit 4、5、6課后單詞、詞組練習(xí)5、 Translation 3×5=15分 選擇來自Unit 4、5、6課后單句翻譯練習(xí)Unit 4 Work, Labor, an

2、d PlaySo far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he e

3、njoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it ,but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the

4、job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.The opposite to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; soci

5、ety could not care less whether we play it or not.Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to

6、be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is

7、can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of heart attacks and forget their wives' birthdays. To the laborer,

8、 on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are, like myself, in the fortunate

9、position of being workers?At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.Technology and the division of labor have done two things: by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number

10、of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as mu

11、ch leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latte

12、r, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting,

13、for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put the

14、ir aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase "getting one's teeth into a problem."Unit 5 Stripping Down to Bare Happiness The couple

15、9;s decision was to trade two full-time careers for two half-time careers, and to curtail consumption. They decided to spend their money only on things that contributed to their major goal, the construction of a world where family and friendship, work and play, were all of a piece, a world, moreover

16、, which did not make wasteful use of the earth's resources.Today, they live in the same suburban community in a handsome, energy-efficient home they designed themselves. Small by most standards, it is easy to clean, furnish, maintain and heat. The first floor, one large room, has a kitchen area

17、along one wall, a birch table and chairs for dining, a living area defined by a comfortable couch and a wood stove, and a corner work area. Upstairs is their bedroom, an office that serves them both, and a bathroom. It is bright and light and in harmony with its surroundings. Soon there will be a so

18、lar greenhouse outside the front door.How can a couple with two part-time freelance jobs afford to build their own home, own a car, and share a small boat with another couple all without a loan? How can they maintain a high standard of living that provides "everything" they want? What is i

19、t they have given up that they do not miss?For one thing, they have given up all the expensive clutter medicine cabinets full of cosmetics and over-the-counter drugs they will never use; kitchen cabinets crowded with items they would eventually throw away. The one clothes closet Sara shares with Mic

20、hael easily contains the basic items in their wardrobes, many of them well-made classic styles from L. L. Bean. "I'm constantly giving things away," Sara explains. By sifting and discarding, by keeping track of what they have, Sara and Michael have a clear idea of what they really need

21、.They do not have a dishwasher;the number of hand-thrown pottery dishes they own would not fill one. They do not own a clothes dryer; the wet clothes, drying indoors in winter, eliminate the need for a humidifier. Sara's dark hair is short. She does not need a hairdryer, electric curlers, or a c

22、urling iron. Their front yard is wooded. They do not need a power mower or electric clippers. They do not own a TV, and so they and their child are not constantly saturated with images of new toys, new things, and new temptations.Unit 6 Two Truths to Live By The art of living is to know when to hold

23、 fast and when to let go. An ancient man said long ago: "A man comes to this world with his fist clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open."Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wonderful, and full of a beauty. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth

24、 only in our backward glance when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.We remember a beauty that faded, a love that withered. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tender

25、ed.A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was hospitalized following a severe heart attack and had been in intensive care for several days. It was not a pleasant place.One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of th

26、e hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard in a chair. As we emerged from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That's all there was to my experience. Just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was how warming; how sparkling; how brilliant!I looked to see whether anyone else relis

27、hed the sun's golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the great beauty of it all.Unit 41.

28、 Nearly 6 million in the mid-western area were affected by the flood, and there is a real danger of mass starvation. 在中西部地區(qū)近6百萬人被洪水的影響，并存在一個真正的大規(guī)模饑荒的危險。 2. Its incredible what when he gambled he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting on horse racing. 令人難以置信的是，當(dāng)他賭博時，他總是贏無論是在玩一種紙牌游戲

29、，或賽馬投注。 3. The council is trying to get more people to do voluntary work and render social services in the less developed regions. 市鎮(zhèn)會正在努力讓更多的人在欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的做志愿工作，提供社會服務(wù)。 4. Elephants are dying out because they are being hunted for the tusks. 大象正在滅絕，因為他們正因象牙而被獵殺。 5. Wines can be classified as dry medium or

30、 sweet according to their sugar content.根據(jù)其含糖量可分為干型.半干型.甜型葡萄酒。 6. Slavery was abolished in Canada in 1833and the Canadian authorities then encouraged slaves from American to settle down on their land.1833年加拿大廢除了奴隸制，加拿大當(dāng)局則鼓勵來自美國的奴隸在自己的土地上定居下來。 7. Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with

31、 a tough situationthe division between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp.一些發(fā)展中國家似乎陷入一個艱難的情況，富人與窮人之間的差別從來沒有如此清晰和鮮明8. The mass media commented that the young mans suicide was nothing but a senseless waste of his life. 大眾媒體評論說，年輕人的自殺只不過是對生命無謂的浪費。 9. The younger generation should n

32、ot just seek for the latest fashions they should have long-term commitment and try to live a worthy life. 年輕一代不應(yīng)該只是尋求最新的時尚，他們應(yīng)該有長期的奮斗目標(biāo)并努力過一個有價值的生活。 10. Theres absolutely no coordination between the different work teamswe dont know what others are doing.但不同的工作小組之間沒有絕對的協(xié)調(diào)我們不知道別人在做什么。 11. As witnesses

33、 to the accident we were asked to make written declarations of what we had seen. 作為事故的目擊者，我們被要求對我們所看的事情寫出書面聲明。 12. The police still dont know who committed the burglary（入室盜竊）,but it is reported one of the suspects is a loafer by the name of Bill Jones.13. Now that my parents-in-law have decided to l

34、ive with us,we are now faced with the necessity to purchase a larger apartment close to the campus.14. It seems as if every American boy between the ages of 8 and 15 likes to play video games, but such games are only moderately popular among girls of the same age group.似乎每一個8到15歲美國男孩人都喜歡玩電子游戲，但這樣的游戲

35、同一年齡組的女孩只能是中度流行。 15. He was a really considerate friendalways available to help at the slightest hint of trouble。 他是一個非常體貼的朋友只要有一點點麻煩的跡象他都會提供幫助16. A survey shows that a considerable number of people object to the governments immigration policy.17. This is a new pain-killing drug which came into use

36、only six months ago,so its too early to evaluate its effectiveness now18. She derived great satisfaction from playing the violin in her adulthood,even though she used to get bored with it when she was in her late teens.1. In view of her outstanding academic achievements and other qualities she stand

37、s a chance of being admitted to one of the worlds best universities. 鑒于她的優(yōu)異學(xué)術(shù)成就和其他素質(zhì)，她有機會考取世界上最好的大學(xué)。 2. His recent mismanagement of the company has ruled out the possibility of getting promoted to the top management. 最近他管理公司不善，已排除得到晉升到高層管理人員的可能性。 3.The expedition（探險隊） consists of five Europeans,two

38、Australians and ten Chinese.4. Its good to see Tom looking so happy now after all the sufferings he has gone through in the last few years. 很高興看到湯姆在經(jīng)歷了過去幾年的苦難后能如此開心。5. When he competed at Stockholm Olympics, Jim Thorpe was not an amateur player in the strict sense because he had been paid a few doll

39、ars to play semiprofessionals before. 當(dāng)他在斯德哥爾摩奧運會比賽時，吉姆·索普不是嚴(yán)格意義上的業(yè)余球員，因為他之前被支付幾元錢做半職業(yè)選手。 6. At a guess, Id say that there were at least 1400 people on board when the ship sank in the Red Sea. 憑猜測，我可以說，當(dāng)船在紅海沉沒時，有至少1400人在船上。 7. The traditional practice that the father earns a living for the fami

40、ly and the mother stays at homes is out of date as more and more women have joined the workforce. 隨著越來越多的婦女加入勞動大軍，父親掙錢養(yǎng)家母親呆在家里的傳統(tǒng)做法是過時的。 8. Even if her suggestion does not coincide with what you have in mind, I would advise you to accept it. 即使她的建議與你心里的有什么不相符，我還是建議你接受它。 9. The tennis player had gone

41、 in for all the major tennis events before she defeated her opponents and won the championship.在她擊敗她的對手，奪得冠軍之前，該網(wǎng)球選手已經(jīng)參加了所有重大的網(wǎng)球賽事。 10.They appreciate each other because they are both the sort of people who just cant let go once they have got their teeth into something. 他們互相欣賞，因為一旦他們兩個都是一旦開始，就不會放手的人

42、。Unit 51.I dont think it necessary to furnish our apartment a second time since we will sell it soon.既然我們馬上要賣掉這個公寓了，我不認(rèn)為需要再把它裝修一下。2.He made a firm resolve to give up smoking and drinking as soon as he discovered that he had a heart trouble.他作出了堅定的決心放棄吸煙和飲酒當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)他心臟有問題。3.To reduce the risks of railway

43、accidents, we spend over ten million yuan on maintaining the railway lines every year.為了減少鐵路事故的風(fēng)險，每年我們維護鐵路的花費都超過1000萬人民幣。4.My parents lived a frugal lifestyle all their lives. For one thing, they never discarded anything that was still of use; for another, they never purchased things on impulse.我的父母

44、一生都過著簡樸的生活。對于一樣事物只要仍然可以用他們都不會丟棄。對于其他的東西，他們從來不會沖動購買。5.The government has refused to sanction a further cut in rate of corporate tax.政府已經(jīng)拒絕批準(zhǔn)進一步的削減公司稅率。6.As Linda is a career woman and her husband works abroad, they cannot raise their newborn son all by themselves and have to employ a babysitter on a

45、fixed term of five years.琳達(dá)是一個職業(yè)女性，她丈夫在國外工作。他們不能親自撫養(yǎng)他們剛出生的兒子，而要去聘請一個保姆并且固定任用五年。7.My apartment was badly furnished because the workers did not strip the original paint off the walls before they started painting.我的公寓被裝修的很差，因為工人們沒有剝掉在墻上的原漆就開始畫畫了。8.When we learned that the local college had only the bar

46、e essentials in terms of equipment, we decided to donate a million yuan so that they could improve their teaching facilities.當(dāng)我們了解到當(dāng)?shù)氐拇髮W(xué)只有最基本的長期設(shè)備時，我們決定捐出一萬元使他們能夠改善他們的教學(xué)設(shè)施。9. The Jones purchased a second-hand car for $1200; it was a real bargain, but I wonder how long it will last.瓊斯用1200美元買了一輛二手車，這

47、的確是個優(yōu)惠的價格，但我好奇它能使用多久。10.It is always good to read some English novels in your spare time. If you cannot understand the original, you may read the simplified versions which are also available in the local bookstore.在業(yè)余時間讀些英文小說是好的，如果你不能讀懂原著，你可以在當(dāng)?shù)氐臅曩I簡化的版本讀。11.Sam said to the girl,” I will trade you s

48、ome of my chocolate for some of your ice cream.”Sam對女孩說“我想用我的巧克力換一些你的冰激凌?！?2. Since youre decided to simplify your life and have moved into a smaller house,you are going to have to make an effort to downsize your furniture and belongings. 13. Representatives from the two nations had worked together

49、on numerous occasions before the peace treaty was signed to end the border conflicts. 14. When the factory closed,the machinery was sold off for only a fraction of its true value. 15. I think it plain wrong to play loud music in the dorm when others are already asleep.16. The question set by the tea

50、cher was so difficult that pupils did not know how to tackle it.17. The children are busy rolling ,folding, and cutting paper in a handcrafting competition. 1. My sister is very economical and saving money seems to come naturally to her; she always keeps track of all the money she speeds. 我的姐姐是非常經(jīng)濟的

51、救命錢，似乎自然而然地她，她始終保持跟蹤所有的錢，她的速度。 2. My parents failed to show up at the commencement; it turned out that their flight was delayed for 8 hours. 我的父母未能生效;事實證明，他們的航班被推遲8小時。3. Eric was a very shy boy, so much so that he even refused to strip down to his underwear for his medical examination. Eric是一個非常害羞的男

52、孩，以至于他甚至拒絕剝奪了他的體檢，他的內(nèi)衣。4. John began to take an interest in politics when he was at secondary school; no wonder he become a Congressman at the age of 35. 約翰開始對政治的興趣，他在中學(xué)時，難怪他在35歲成為眾議員。5. They are going to let us use their laboratory, and in return we must let them share the results of the research.

53、他們打算讓我們使用他們的實驗室，作為回報，我們必須讓他們分享研究成果。6. His action is all of a piece with what he was been saying he will do for the past few months; he is a man of his word. 他的行動是一塊什么，他說他會在過去的幾個月做的，他是一個信守諾言的人。7. The winner was asked to write out numerous forms before he could get the award. 獲勝者被要求寫出來的許多形式，才可以得到獎勵。8.

54、 The young couple often eat out, for neither of them is interested in homecooking. 這對年輕夫婦經(jīng)常在外面吃飯，他們既不是在家庭烹飪的興趣。 9. After so many twists and turns in his life, he learned never to look back with regret. 這么多的曲折，并在他的一生曲折后，他學(xué)會了從不看遺憾。 10. The doctor advised that he cut out smoking or give it up completel

55、y for the sake of his health. 醫(yī)生建議他減少吸煙或放棄對他的健康著想，完全。Unit 6 1. It used to be rare to see people sleeping on the street of London, but these days its becoming increasingly commonplace. 2. Those psychologists believe that ones childhood experiences will have an enduring influence on his or her future

56、work and personality. 3. As the music started, the lights in the theatre began to dim. 4. As a fresh graduate, Jim seems to have the ambition to command everything in the world. 5. Her colleagues were afraid to work with her, because she wont tolerate any imperfection in her own or anyone elses work

57、. 6. The girl remains in serious bu stable condition in the intensive care unit in the hospital. 7. At the last ring of the bell, all the people at the party joined in with abandon ,shouting joyfully and merrily, to welcome the arrival of the New Year. 8. We should devote our finite life to the infi

58、nite cause of serving the people. 9. Hes been voted as head of the department since hes young and dynamic and will be a great leader. 10. It seems to me that this novelist delights in weaving elaborate and complicated plots in his works. 11. Our car broke down, so we had to rent a car, which was an additional financial burden on my family. 12. Jim had high aspirations(愿望) to open a law firm even before he graduated from the la