廣州市小升初英語語法要點(diǎn)

1、廣州市小升初英語語法要點(diǎn)小升初英語語法要點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞的分類類別特點(diǎn)意義舉例實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（vt.vi。）及物動(dòng)詞跟賓語須跟賓語一起才能表達(dá)完整的意思I have a book. 。不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接 接賓語能獨(dú)立作謂語She always comes late 。系動(dòng)詞（link-v）乩艮表語不能獨(dú)立做謂語，跟表語構(gòu)成完整意思I am a student 。助動(dòng)詞（aux. v。）跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞 （無詞匯意義）不能獨(dú)立做謂語，跟主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語，表 示疑問，否定及各種時(shí)態(tài)He doesn' t speakChinese。I am watching TV 。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（mod.v。）跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自

2、己 的詞匯意思）不能獨(dú)立做謂語。表示說話人語氣、情態(tài)， 無人稱和數(shù)的變化We can do it byourselves 。That would be better 。第二方面：短語動(dòng)詞，短語動(dòng)詞是由一些動(dòng)詞和其它詞構(gòu)成短語，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。其構(gòu)成方式如下。構(gòu)成方式舉例動(dòng)詞+介詞Look at, look after動(dòng)詞+副詞Give up, put into動(dòng)詞+副詞6詞Catch up with, look down upon動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞Take care of, pay attention toBe破容詞加詞Be proud of, be afraid of復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)Make up

3、 one ' s mind, wind one ' s way第三方面：按動(dòng)詞的形式可以分為謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞。1、 謂語動(dòng)詞形式意義舉例人稱與主語在人稱一致I am reading now. 第一人稱數(shù)與主語在數(shù)上一致He writes well.第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間He wrote a letter to me last month.過去時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者或者承受者We study English 。主動(dòng)The road was filled with rubbish.被動(dòng)語氣說話人表達(dá)事實(shí)、要求、愿望等He has flown to America

4、.事實(shí)I wish I could fly to the moon some day.愿望2、非謂語動(dòng)詞1 / 28廣州市小升初英語語法要點(diǎn)形式意義用途舉例不定式起形容詞和名詞作用可作主語、表語、賓語、定 語、狀語It takes me 20 minutes to go to school 。動(dòng)名詞起名詞作用作主語和賓語She likes reading 。分詞現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞、副詞作用， 表主動(dòng)作表語、定語、狀語、賓語 補(bǔ)足語The cup is broken過去分詞起形容詞、副詞作用， 表被動(dòng)The steam is seen rising from the wetclothes 。名詞的

5、數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。這和漢語不同，比如，在漢語中，我們說一個(gè)蘋果， 那就是一個(gè)蘋果，沒什么特殊變化。你要說三個(gè)蘋果，只需把“一”換成“三”就可以了。 而在英語中，一個(gè)蘋果是one apple ,三個(gè)蘋果是three apples ,不僅數(shù)量詞變化了，名詞也有相應(yīng)的變化。下面我們就將名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。第一部分：規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成法塊日例詞一般情況（包括以e 結(jié)尾的名詞）加-s-s在清輔音ptkf后讀在濁輔音和兀音后讀z口訣：清清濁濁兀 濁Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾加-es

6、Classes, boxes, watches, brushes以輔音+y結(jié)尾變y為i , 加es讀zCities, countries, studies以兀音+y結(jié)尾加-s讀zBoys, rays, days有人還把以下兩個(gè)加入了名詞有規(guī)則變復(fù)數(shù)的行列:情況構(gòu)成法塊日例詞以o結(jié)尾加-es讀zHeroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes加-s讀zBamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos以f, fe 結(jié)尾變f, fe 為v,再加-es讀vzLeaf-leavesLife-livesWife-wivesThief-thievesHalf-

7、halvesKnife-knivesWolf-wolvesSelf-selves2 / 28Loaf-loaves加-s讀Roofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs第二部分：不規(guī)則變化我們經(jīng)常會(huì)看到有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)并沒有遵循上述規(guī)則。這就是名詞的不規(guī)則變化。還有一些名詞，單復(fù)數(shù)是同一個(gè)形式的。不過，我們還是可以通過一些比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的一些奧妙。以下我將為大家講講名詞的不規(guī)則變化。一、有些名詞中保存了英語中古舊的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：man-men woman-womentooth-teeth foot-feetchild-children goose-geesemous

8、e-mice ox-oxen二、有些是外來詞，仍保有原來的復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：Phenomenon-phenomena（現(xiàn)象）Formula-formulae（公式）Thesis-theses（論文）Basis-bases（基礎(chǔ)）Analysis-analyses（ 分析）Criterion-criteria（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）Crisis-crises（ 危機(jī)）Appendix-appendices（附錄）三、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。例：fish -fish; sheep fsheep; cattle fcattle; deer fdeer; salmon fsalmon, m eans fmeans四、co

9、mpound nouns ,這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示例：daughter-in-law fdaughters-in-law 媳婦；father-in-lawffathers-in-law岳父man-of-war f men-of-war 兵艦；maid-servant fmaid-servants3 / 28step-son -step-sons 晚子；son-in-law -sons-in-law 。但是，也有些合成名詞，特別是由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，里面所含的成分， 全都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：Man-servant-men-servants , woman doctor-wom

10、en doctors 等五、有些名詞經(jīng)常是帶著-s詞尾的，但通常都作單數(shù)看待，如：Phonetics（語音學(xué)），physics（物理學(xué)），optics（光學(xué)）,politics（政治），news（新聞）等。六、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多例：bellows 風(fēng)箱；clothes; police; shorts 短褲；scissors 剪刀；spectacles 眼鏡； shears 大剪刀，trousers 長褲, wages 工資，belongings 所有物， surroundings 環(huán)境， savings 儲(chǔ)蓄，findings 調(diào)查結(jié)果， arms武器，clothes 衣服，s

11、tairs 樓梯，等七、另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思，例：goods貨物，waters 水域，fishes（ 各種）魚，papers文件，證件，greens 青菜，m anners禮貌，ruins 廢墟，troops 軍隊(duì)，100ks外貌，times時(shí)代，等第三部分：不可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量方法（1） 一般用“數(shù)字+of+計(jì)量單位+名詞”表示，（注意：當(dāng)數(shù)字大于一時(shí)，表示計(jì)量單位 的名詞可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式）。如：a piece of news 一貝U新聞 a piece of meat 一塊肉 a glass of wine 一杯酒 two bowls of rice 兩碗米 a sum

12、 of money 一筆錢 five bags of flour一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice兩條建議（2）用 much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可數(shù)名詞練習(xí)題：1、All the people at the conference are。a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb. mathematics teachers d. mathematic ' s

13、teachers （C）2、All the in the hospital got a rise last month。a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor （a）3、-Are there any on the farm?4 / 28-Yes, there are some 。A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (D)4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them?-Certainly 。A. some bottles

14、 of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters (B)5、Mike hurt one of his in the accident yesterday。A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear (B)6、There is some on the plate 。A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears (B)7、The little baby has two already。A. tooth B. tooths C. teet

15、h D. teeths (C)8、We need some more. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe (C)9、Please remember to give the horse some tree 。A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave (B)10、He gave us on how to keep fit 。A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice (B)11、Ple

16、ase pass me 。A. two glass of water B. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of water D. two glass water (C)12、There are a lot of down there but hardly anyA. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples (B)13、This table is made of 。A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glas

17、s (D)14、can get a better view of the game than the participantsA. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons (B)5 / 2815、 Some are flying kites near the river。A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs (C)16、 Mr. Smith always has to tell us。A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC.

18、some good piece of news D. some piece of good news (B)17、Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accidentD. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life (B)18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasn' t oil here 。E. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many (A)19、Th

19、e police investigated those about the accident。F. stander-by C. standers-byG. stander-bys D. standers-bys (B)20、Generally there are television programs for children on SaturdayA. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of (C)動(dòng)詞不定式分類1、動(dòng)詞+不定式afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be,

20、decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, ha ppen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, p retend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertakeThe driver failed to see the other car in time.司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)

21、看見另輛車。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2)動(dòng)詞+不定式；動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepar e, promise, want, wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜歡你使每件東西都保持整潔。6 / 28I want to speak to

22、Tom.我想和湯姆談話。I want you to speak to Tom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。3）動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wond er, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that.請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my m ind which

23、 to buy 。有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。在思疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如： The question is how to pu t it into practice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。2.不定式作補(bǔ)語1）動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式（to do）advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, conside r, declare, drive, enable, encourage, find, forbid, force, guess, hire, imagine, im

24、pel, induce, inform, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit, per suade, remind, report, request, require, select, send, state, suppose, tell, th ink, train, trust, understand, urge, warna. Father will not allow us to play on the street.父親不讓我在街上玩耍。b. We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的。

25、Find的特殊用法Find后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et , have。I found him lying on the ground 。I found it important to learn。I found that to learn English is important。The next morning she found the man in bed , dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying7 / 28答案：A. find 的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓

26、語補(bǔ)足語作用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主 動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。2） to + be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare（聲稱）,discover, fancy（ 設(shè)想）,feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see（理解）,show, suppose, take（以為）,understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。典型例

27、題Charles Babbage is generally consideredthe first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented答案：A.由consider to do sth. 排除B、Do .此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式 后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選 C3） to be + 形容詞seen, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, b

28、e known, be r eported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。4） there be+ 不定式believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understandWe didn't expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料至 U會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。在思有些動(dòng)詞需用 as 短語做補(bǔ)語，如

29、 regard, think believe, take, consider。We regard Tom as our best teacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Mary took him as her father .瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。3.不定式作主語1） It's easy （for me） to do that.我做這事太容易了。8 / 28easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necess ary, better;the first, the next, th

30、e last, the best, too much, too little, not enoughIt's so nice to hear your voice.聽至 U你的聲音真高興。It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。2） It's very kind of you to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, b

31、rave, considerate（ 考慮周到的），silly, selfish（ 自私的）It was silly of us to believe him.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不給他1任何東西，這顯得太自私了。在思1）其他系動(dòng)詞如，look , appear等也可用于此句型2）不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3）當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用 It is to的句型（）To see is to believe.百聞不如一見。（錯(cuò)）It is to bel

32、ieve to see 。It's for sb 。和 It's of sb 。1） for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：It's very hard for him to study two languages.對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。2） of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。It's very nice of

33、you to help me.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。for與of的辨別方法用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用 of,不通則用for 。如：You are nice. （通順，所以應(yīng)用 of） 。 He is hard.（人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用 for。）4 .不定式作表語9 / 28不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：My work is to clean the room every day 。His dream is to be a doctor 。5 .不定式作定語不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：I have a lot

34、of work to do.So he made some candles to give light 。6 .不定式作狀語1）目的狀語To only to （僅僅為了 ）, in order to, so as to, so（such） as to （如此以便）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來僅僅是向你告另 L2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry 。

35、He searched the room only to find nothing。3）表原因I'm glad to see you 。典型例題The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。用作介詞的toto有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形；一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞，to在下面的用法中 是第二種，即t

36、o+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admit to 承認(rèn)，confess to 承認(rèn)，be accustomed to 習(xí) 慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于，stick to 堅(jiān)持，turn to 開始，著手于， devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to10 / 28、，、.1、 '注思省to的動(dòng)詞不定式1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除ought外，ought to):2)使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make :3) 感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, notice , obser

37、ve, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在思在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance 。The boss made them work the whole night尸They were made to work the whole n ight 。4) would rather , had better :5) Why / why not ：6) help 可帶 to ,也可不帶 to, help sb (to) do sth :7) but和except : but前是

38、動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。8)由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè) to可以省去：9) 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去 to be： He is supposed (to be) nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。舉例： He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out.比較： He wants to donothing but go out. He wants to b

39、elieve anything but to take the medicine。典型例題1)I usually go there by train.Why not by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going答案：D. why not后面接不帶to的不定式，因此選 Do2) Paul doesn't have to be made. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning答案：

40、B. make后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to不可省略。11 / 28動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式Tell him not to shut the window She pretended not to see me when I passed by.我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見典型例題1) Tell him the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut答案：Bo tell sb to do sth的否定形式為 tell sb not to do sth 。2) She pretended me whe

41、n I passed by.A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen答案：Ao pretend后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretend not to do sth. 。3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter after drinking。A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive答案：Ao warn sb to do sth.的否定形式為 warn sb not to do sth. 此處用的是

42、否定詞never。4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to答案：Ao not to 為not to do it 的省略形式?？梢灾挥?to這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整 個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對，因此B, D不對。5) The patient was warned oily food after the operation。A. to eat no B. eating

43、 not C. not to eat D. not eating答案：C。warn 一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為 be warned n ot to do ?，F(xiàn)在來總結(jié)一些動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型！不定式的特殊句型 tooto1） tooto太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。- Can I help you ?需要我?guī)兔幔?2 / 28- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank y ou all the same. 不

44、用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。2）如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意為"不太"。It's never too late to mend.（諺語）改過不嫌晚。3）當(dāng)too前面有only, all, but 時(shí)，意思是：非常 等于very。I'm only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高興能幫助你。He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。不定式的特殊句型so as to1）表示目的；它的否定式是 so as not

45、to do 。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.湯姆對事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。2） so kind as to - 勞駕Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?勞駕,現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。不定式的特殊句型 Why not"Why not +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不？""干嗎不"

46、;例如：Why not take a holiday?干嗎不去度假？不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing1）現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生 在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。He seems to know this 。13 / 28I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再見至 U你。2）完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)

47、作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble。He seems to have caught a cold 。3）進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。He seems to be eating something 。4）完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years。動(dòng)名詞與不定式1）動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是： 狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是： 目的，結(jié)果，原因，具

48、體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2）接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同。3）動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同的有11組：stop to do stop doingforget to do forget doingremember to do remember doingcease to do cease doingtry to do try doinggo on to do go on doingafraid to do afraid doinginterested to do interested doingmean to do mean doingregret to do regret doingbegin/start

49、 to do begin/start doing特殊詞精講stop doing/to do14 / 28stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他們停下來，抽了根煙。I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙了。典型例題She reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock by the sideof the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest答案：C。

50、由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個(gè)路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選 擇"stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以 stop doing sth 。不正確。stop doing/to doforget doing/to doforget to do忘記要去做某事。（未做）forget doing忘記做過某事。（已做）The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。（沒有做關(guān)夕T的動(dòng)作）He forgot turning the l

51、ight off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。（已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）Don't forget to come tomorrow.另1J忘了明天來。（to come 動(dòng)作未做）典型例題- The light in the office is still on。- Oh, I forgot.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off答案：Co由the light is still on可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用 forget to do sth 。而forget doing sth表示

52、燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。try doing/to do15 / 28try to do 努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didn't succeed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。After he had finished his maths , he went on to do his p

53、hysics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完這個(gè)練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do 不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為 "怕"；be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。doing 是客觀上造成的，意為"生怕，恐怕”。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afra

54、id of being bit ten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。be interested doing/to dointerested to do對做某事感興趣，想了解某事。interested in doing對某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。I shall be interested to know what happens.我很想知道發(fā)生了什么事。（想了解）I&#

55、39;m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that? 我對在瑞士工作感興趣。你想過這事嗎？（ 一種想法）mean to doing/to domean to do 打算、 想16 / 28mean doing 意味著I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.begin(start) doing/to dobegin / start to d

56、o sthbegin / start doing sth 。1)談及一項(xiàng)長期活動(dòng)或開始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用 doing。How old were you when you first started playing the piano?琴？我想去，但是我父親不肯讓贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購買力。你幾歲時(shí)開始彈鋼I was beginning to get angry.3) 在 attempt, intend, begin, start 時(shí)，常用不定式to do 。I begin to understand the truth.我開始生起氣來。后接 know, understand, realize我開始明白真相。這類動(dòng)詞2) begin, start 用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，