0015英語二全國自考單元句子復(fù)習(xí)重點UnitUnit6

1、0015英語二全國自考單元句子復(fù)習(xí)重點(Unit4-Unit6)Unit 41. There are estimated to be more than 20000 overseas domestic servantsworking in Britain (p1)譯：據(jù)估計,在英國工作的外籍家傭有20000多人.句子分析：此句為there be句型的變體.該句型是英語中常見句式,稱 存在句 謂語動詞一般由be充當(dāng),但還可以根據(jù)句意換成其它動詞,如：1) . There are a lot of people in the meeting room.2) . There will be a me

2、eting tomorrow.3) . There used to be a church at the corner of the street.4) . There happened to be an old friend of mine in the hotel.5) . There is sure to rain tomorrow.6) . There stands a bank next to my school.另外,working in Britain 是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,修飾 domestic servants02. Of these 20000, just under 2000

3、 are being exploited and abused by their employers, according to a London-based campaigning group which helps overseas servants working in Britain. (p1)譯：根據(jù)某個設(shè)在倫敦的幫助在英國工作的國外傭人的活動組織聲稱,在這20000名傭人中又近2000人被他們的雇主剝削和虐待.句子分析：Of these 20000是狀語,under 2000是數(shù)詞作整個句子主語,are being exploited and abused是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)做

4、謂語,剩余的是狀語.另外, under是低于.不到.的意思；-based設(shè)在.的,以.為基 礎(chǔ)的；3. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or escaping virtually impossible. (p2)譯：他們的護(hù)照可能已被拿走,其實際上既不能離開液或不能逃走.句子分析：have their passports removed 是 VOC 結(jié)構(gòu), 使 have sth done 句型的 具體使用,表示賓語和動詞之間是被動的關(guān)系,如： Last week I have my computer repai

5、red.making leaving or escaping virtually impossible 是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語,其中 leaving or escaping是動名詞,做 making的賓語.virtually 是幾乎的意思,相 當(dāng)于 almost.4. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequate

6、ly established. (p3)譯：其中一個事例就是關(guān)于一個菲律賓女傭在被判謀殺罪后,在新加坡被處決, 盡管各個地區(qū)的人都抗議她的罪行尚未得到充分證實.句子分析： was executed 表被動,after being convicted of murder 是時間狀語, 請注意：being 動名詞,convicted 被判罪, 被動,詞組：sb is convicted of sth 某人被判有.罪.如：She has twice been convicted of fraud.(她已經(jīng)兩次被判犯有詐騙罪.)despite盡管,是介詞,因此其后只能跟名詞,而不能接句子.Protes

7、ts是抗議的意思,that her guilt had not been adequately established 是 Protests 的同位語從句, 具 體解釋 Protests 的內(nèi)容.from various quarters= from various places.5. I was supposed to be paid £ 120 but I never received that amount. (p4) 譯：我本應(yīng)該得到120英鎊的報酬,但我從未得到那個數(shù)目.句子分析：詞組 be supposed to do sth 應(yīng)該做某事,如： You are suppo

8、sed to get there as early as possible.be paid被支付.錢.He is paid 1000yuan for finishing such a task.6. At the end of 1994, the British Government introduced new measures to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers. (p7)譯：1994年年底,英國政府引進(jìn)新的舉措來保護(hù)家傭們,使其免受雇主的虐待.句子分析：At the end of 1994 時間狀語

9、,the British Government 主語,introduced 謂語,new measures賓語,to help protect domestic workers from abuse by their employers是不定式做目的狀語.詞組： protect sb from sth保護(hù).使之遠(yuǎn) 離OOOEach parent should protect their child from TV violence.7. So if they do complain, they risk being deported. (p8)譯：所以,如果他們真的抱怨的話,就會冒著被驅(qū)逐出境

10、的風(fēng)險.句子分析：do complain:是謂語動詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,意思：確實抱怨道的話. 前面我們曾經(jīng)見過it is/was that/who的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,它不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語,只 能強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語和狀語,而要想強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語,只能借助于助動詞do, does, did.For example:1) . I do. love you!2) . He does study very hard.3) . I did meet Bill Gates last week.8. Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work b

11、ut with a different employer, if they so choose, is what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for. (p9)譯：給予那些愿意做同類工作但是想更換雇主的家傭們這種自由,這正是國際 反奴役組織這樣的團(tuán)體向政府爭取的.句子分析： Allowing domestic workers the freedom to seek the same type of work but with a different employer 是動名詞短語作主

12、語, 其中 to seek the same type of work but with a different employer 是不定式作定語修飾 the freedom , i胃語是 is, 后面的 what groups like Anti-Slavery International are campaigning the Government for是表語從句.if they so choose是條件狀語從句,做插入語.9. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment fr

13、om slavery. (p9)譯：他們說,就是更換雇主的權(quán)利才能把雇傭同奴役區(qū)別開來.句子分析：該句的主要形式是it is 引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句.強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語the right to change employers. they say 是插入語. 詞組：distinguish A from B 將 A 同 B 區(qū)The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the otherUnit 51. The new music was built out of materials already in existence (p1)

14、譯：新音樂是從已有的三種音樂開展起來的.句子分析： 詞組 in existence現(xiàn)有的、已有的； out of = from.2. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. (p1)譯：這三種形式保存著音樂和文化方面的特色,甚至直到1965年,這三種音樂沒有一種表達(dá)出任何激進(jìn)的新的意識形態(tài).句子分析： 主語： The th

15、ree forms ; 謂語(系動詞)：remained ; 表語：distinct. musically and culturally 是副詞修飾 distinct.as late as 1965時間狀語,none 沒 有個；new states of consciousness新的意識狀態(tài). Radically 修飾 new.3. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. (p2)譯：所發(fā)生的情況,如果用語言盡可能表達(dá)出來是這樣的.句子分析：主語： What happened ,主語從句；was this系表

16、結(jié)構(gòu)；as well as在 本句中應(yīng)理解為：as - as>,像.一樣好.put inyo words:用文字表達(dá)4. They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources. (p2)譯：他們自由地吸取爵士樂、美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂的成分,隨著時間的推移甚至從更 多的來源中吸取營養(yǎng).句子分析：本句核心形式：take over sth from sth從.中吸取.;as time went on 意思是： 隨著

17、時間的推移,如： as time goes on, our vocabulary is enlarging gradually.Diverse: a不同的,各種各樣的,相當(dāng)于 various.如： New York is a very culturally diverse city.5. What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression. (p2)譯：音樂的很快開展成為具有多種形式并且?guī)缀蹙哂袩o限的表現(xiàn)力.句子分析：主

18、語： What developed ,后面是一個系表結(jié)構(gòu),readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression 分另 U是現(xiàn)在 分詞短語和形容詞短語做定語,修飾music.另外：take on意思：具有；be capable of doing sth有水平做某事.6. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce. (p3)譯：事實

19、上,電子學(xué)確實可以制作出到那時為止樂器所發(fā)不出的聲音.句子分析：did make是謂語的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),possible是賓補(bǔ),提到賓語sounds以 及定語從句之前是國考的重要考點,目的是為了防止結(jié)構(gòu)的頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象.(在 下一句話中我們還會見到相同用法.)*7. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a

20、total effect, so that instead of an audience of passive listeners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bones. (p3)譯：電子揚(yáng)聲器也使得在音量方面能夠有意想不到的提升,音樂在人類耳朵所 能承受范圍內(nèi)變得響亮,具有穿透力,由此表達(dá)了一種完美的效果,所以聽眾 已不是被動的聽眾,現(xiàn)在的聽眾是完全投入的聽眾,他們在全身心感受著音樂. 句子分析：本句話非常

21、復(fù)雜,可分為四個層次：第一層次是主句：Electronicamplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume ； 第二層次從 the music becoming直至旬尾是現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),做伴隨狀語.第三層次： so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句；第四層次從 feeling到句尾為現(xiàn)在分詞短語,又是 分詞做伴隨狀語.8. With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best as they could, and heightene

22、d the whole experience by using drugs. (p4)譯：家里有了唱片,聽眾盡力模仿舞廳燈光效果并通過使用藥物以增強(qiáng)整體感 受.句子分析： With records at home方式狀語；imitated和heightened兩個并列謂 語動詞； as best as one could盡力做某事,如：I sear I will teach him a lesson as best as I could.Unit 61. Most of today ' s robots are employed in the automotive industry,

23、where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. (p2)譯：今天大多數(shù)機(jī)器人用于汽車工業(yè),它們根據(jù)編好的程序接任了汽車和卡 車車身的焊接和噴漆這一類的工作.分析：該句的考點是 where引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,修飾 in the automotive industry.另外請注意幾個詞的用法：employ: v 雇傭,使用,相當(dāng)于use; program: v 編寫程序；take over:接管、接收、接任,如：Do you w

24、ant me to take over the driving if you are tired?such.as例如, welding and spray painting 是動名詞,做賓語.2. Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, arebeginning to be seen , although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. (p3) 譯：除了在汽車生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域替代人工勞動外,機(jī)器人也開始在別的工業(yè)部門應(yīng) 用,雖然應(yīng)用程度低一些.分

25、析： 該句考點如下： already taking over human tasks in the automotive field 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語；to be seen不定式的被動概念；although to a lesserdegree讓步狀語,to a lesser degree是表示：在更/、的程度上, 反義詞：to a larger degree.3. The robots used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed t

26、o radiation. (p3)譯：核電站里使用機(jī)器人處理輻射材料,防止人員接觸放射性物質(zhì).分析： 主語： The robots ; 謂語：handle; 賓語：the radioactive materials ; used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials 是過去分詞短語做定語； preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語.being exposed to動名詞被動語態(tài)；prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某

27、事.4. Robots differ form automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. (p4) 譯：機(jī)器人與自動化裝置的區(qū)別在于它們完成一項特定任務(wù)后可以由計算機(jī) 重新編程去執(zhí)行另一項任務(wù).分析：該句重要考點：in that,相當(dāng)于because,所引導(dǎo)從句表原因.如：Men are different from other animals in that the former can

28、create and use tools while the latter cannot.5. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. (p5)譯：人們不知道是否有一大機(jī)器人能具有像人類一樣好的視覺.分析：該句的主語是whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句.(有關(guān)知識請見課后補(bǔ)充語法.), it 是形式主語； as good as human vision 是后置定語修飾 vision;6. Engineers working on other advances are de

29、signing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. (p6) 譯：在其他方面努力取得進(jìn)展的工程人員正在設(shè)計和實驗新的金屬手臂和手 指,使機(jī)器人具有觸覺.分析：請注意該句中幾個-ing的區(qū)別：working on other advances是非謂語動詞 中 的現(xiàn)在分詞； are designing and experimenting 是謂語動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)； giving robots a sense of touch是非謂語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀

30、語.詞組： experiment with sth 實驗.7. These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. (p7)譯：未來具有觸覺、視覺并能決策的機(jī)器人將可以做很多工作.分析： 主語：These future robots ; 謂語：will have ; 賓語：plenty of work to do . assembled with a sense of touch and th

31、e ability to see and make decisions 是過去 分詞短語做定語,修飾主語,其中動詞不定式 to see and make decisions是另外 一個定語,修飾the ability.詞組：be assembled with sth = be equipped wth sth 裝備有.；a sense of touch 觸覺,同樣的短語還有：a sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste:視覺,聽覺,嗅覺,味覺；a sense of humor/direction:幽默感/方向感.make decisions 做出決定； plenty

32、 of sth充足的,足夠的8. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to knowabout robotics. (p7)譯：任何希望了解未來工業(yè)的人必須懂機(jī)器人.分析： 這句話是國考題目中常考的. 考點：wanting to understand the industry of the future,是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語,修飾anyone.詞組：know about sth 了解.懂得.補(bǔ)充語法知識：名詞性從句名詞性從何是由if, whether, that和各種疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從何,其

33、功 同名詞一樣.一.主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式 主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾.1) It作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比擬It作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語從句的連接詞沒 有變化.而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句那么是對句子某一局部進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么 成分,都可用連詞that o被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部指人是也可用 who/whom.例如：2) .It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.3) .It doesn't interest me whether you suc

34、ceed or not.4) .It is in the morning that the murder took place.5) .It is John that broke the window.必背用形式主語it引導(dǎo)的主語從何相當(dāng)多,有些已形成固定的語法和譯法.常見的 有：It is said that.據(jù)說 It is reported that. 據(jù)報導(dǎo)It is well known that. 眾所周矢口 It is announced that. 據(jù)宣布It is believed that. 人們相信 It is thought that.人們認(rèn)為It is underst

35、ood that. 自不待言 It must be pointed out that. 必須指出It must be admitted that. 必須成認(rèn)2 .主語從句的語序主語從何要求使用陳述句語序,而非一般疑問句語序.如：What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.使我感到驚訝的是這個小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了.How he was successful is still a puzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是個謎.3 .連接詞的選用(1) that和what的選用that和wh

36、at都可引導(dǎo)主語從句.what除起連接作用外,還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某些成分,可作從句的主語、賓語或表語.而that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,無詞義,只起連接詞作用.如：What he wants is a book.他想要的是一本書.That light travels in straight lines is known to all.眾所周知,光線沿直線運行.(2) if和whether的選用引導(dǎo)主語從句,不能用if,只能用whether 0如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the we

37、ather.我們明天是否在戶外開晚會要看天氣而定.(3) 其它連接代詞和副詞的選用根據(jù)主語從句的具體意義, 正確的選擇 who, which, when, where, why, how等連 接詞,這些連接詞既有疑問含義,又起連接作用,同時在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分.如：When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我們何時舉行運動會還沒有Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.還不清楚昨天誰打破了玻璃.Which car you will choose to buy makes no differ

38、ence. 你決定買哪一輛車者 B 不會有任何區(qū)別.二.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句.1 .賓語從句常由that引導(dǎo),在口語中常省略.當(dāng)主句中謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?時態(tài)時,從句中謂語動詞不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響,按需要可以使用任 何時態(tài).如：She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 從句是般現(xiàn)在時 She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.從句是一般將來時 當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時態(tài),從句中的時態(tài)一般用表示過去的某種時態(tài).如： He said there wer

39、e no classes yesterday afternoon.從旬是一般過去時 He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 從句是過去將來時 He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 從旬是過去進(jìn)行時 當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時態(tài),而賓語從句表達(dá)某一客觀真理(事實)時,賓語從句 的時態(tài)那么用一般現(xiàn)在時.如：The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得2 .否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移1)將 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等動詞后面賓語從句的否認(rèn) 詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否認(rèn)式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式.I don't think I know you.我想我并不熟