牛津高中英語模塊5Unit3重點(diǎn)詞匯講解

1、詞語點(diǎn)擊Reading Adopt例題 單項(xiàng)填空。1. The new tax would force companies to _ energy-saving measures.A. adopt B. carry C. adapt D. accept2 The old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt3. Our eyes slowly _ to the dark.A. adopted B. adapted

2、C. fitted D. matched講解 adopt主要有“收養(yǎng)”、“采用”兩個(gè)意思。如：She adopted a child whose parents were dead. 她收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)父母雙亡的孩子。 The government decided to adopt the plan. 政府決定采納這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 We adopted several measures to deal with the disease. 我們采取了一些措施來對付這種疾病。 聯(lián)想 adopt的名詞是adoption，其過去分詞adopted可以單獨(dú)用作形容詞，表示“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的，采納的”。如：He was ple

3、ased by the adoption of a little girl. 他對收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)小女孩感到高興。He is their adopted son.他是他們的養(yǎng)子。the adoption of new technology 新技術(shù)的采用拓展 adopt和adapt的區(qū)別：adopt意思是“采納”、“收養(yǎng)”；adapt意思是“改編”、“使適應(yīng)”。通過以上講解可知上面的例題答案為：1. A； 2. D； 3. B。練習(xí) 用adopt或adapt的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。1. Our school _ a new teaching method lately. 2. They are not m

4、y real parents; I am _.3. He tried hard to _ himself to the new conditions.4. Since the _ of the new working method, production has gone up.1. has adopted / adopted 2. adopted 3. adapt 4. adoptionGrammar詞語點(diǎn)擊alternative可用作名詞和形容詞。 作名詞，意為“可供選擇的事物、選擇余地”，是可數(shù)名詞。如：They had no alternative in the matter. 在這件

5、事上,他們沒有選擇的余地。Thats the only alternative.那是惟一的選擇。 作形容詞，意為“可供選擇的/替代的”。如：Please find alternative means of transport. 請找別的運(yùn)輸方法。Do you have an alternative solution to the problem? 你有別的辦法來解決這個(gè)問題？拓展 比較alternative, choose和select：alternative作名詞或形容詞，多指兩者之間的選擇，有“非此即彼”之意；choose 是動(dòng)詞（其名詞形式是choice），適用范圍最廣，可與from或b

6、etween連用。它一般指主觀上的選擇，有最終選定的含義；select用作動(dòng)詞，多用于正式場合，指仔細(xì)地、審慎地精選，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀性，所挑選的對象一般是相同種類的。field的主要意思有“田地，牧場；場地，領(lǐng)域”等。如：Many farmers are working in the fields.許多農(nóng)民在田里干活。They rode through forests and fields.他們騎馬穿過森林和原野。A football field is one hundred yards long. 足球場有一百碼長。He has become very famous in his own fiel

7、d. 他在自己的領(lǐng)域里已經(jīng)非常有名了。 field前的介詞：在field前通常用介詞in或into，但在sports field和battle field前常用on。如：Dont walk in the tomato field. 不要在番茄地里走。Why do you want to go into this field again? 你為何還想進(jìn)入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域？He was killed on the battle field. 他在戰(zhàn)場上喪生。 field的數(shù)：field作“田地”講時(shí)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，除非僅指一塊田地。如：The fields are all white when it sn

8、ows. 下雪的時(shí)候大地全白了。involve v. 包含，需要；牽涉，牽連；參加，加入。后面常接名詞和V-ing形式。如：This lesson involves a lot of work. 這一課需要做的工作有很多。The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.考試將包括回答一些關(guān)于一張照片的問題。Dont involve other people in your trouble. 別把別人牽涉進(jìn)你的麻煩中去。He was involved in a boring discussion. 他卷入了無聊的討論中。聯(lián)

9、想 involved adj. 被涉及的，有關(guān)聯(lián)的involvement n. 卷入，參與，加入拓展 get / be / become involved in 被卷入；包含在；與有關(guān)，專心地做involve sb in sth. / in doing sth. 使參與be involved with 與有牽連，與有關(guān)projectFavour例題 單項(xiàng)填空。1. May I ask a favour _ you?A. of B. forC. to D. on2. The decision was _ his favour.A. of B. forC. in D. to3. Could you

10、 do me _ favour and help me carry that heavy suitcase?A. a B. theC. / D. an4. I was _ him. In other words, I agreed with what he had just said.A. in favour ofB. in honor ofC. in face of D. in point of講解 favour可作名詞和動(dòng)詞。 作名詞意為“幫助，恩惠；贊同，支持；偏袒，偏愛”等。如：Could you do me a favour and pick up Tom from school t

11、omorrow?明天你能幫我個(gè)忙去學(xué)校接湯姆嗎？The suggestion of closing the factory has found favour with many local people.關(guān)閉這個(gè)工廠的建議已經(jīng)得到許多當(dāng)?shù)厝说闹С?。As a mother, she showed no favour to any child.作為母親，她沒有偏袒任何一個(gè)孩子。 作動(dòng)詞意為“較喜歡，選擇；優(yōu)惠，特別照顧，偏袒；有助于，有利于”。如：Our teacher favours Mary. 我們的老師偏愛瑪麗。Fortune favours the brave. 幸運(yùn)眷顧勇者。 The w

12、arm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 溫暖的氣候?qū)Χ喾N熱帶植物有利。 拓展 in favour (of sth. / sb. ) 支持，贊同in sb.s favour 對某人有利ask a favour of sb. 請某人幫個(gè)忙do sb. a favour幫某人一個(gè)忙通過以上講解可知上面例題的答案為：1-4 ACAA。聯(lián)想 favourable adj. 有利的；給人印象好的；贊同的，支持的；優(yōu)惠的favourite adj. 特別受喜愛的 n. 特別喜愛的人或事；得到偏愛的人練習(xí) 用favour的適當(dāng)形式翻譯下列各句。1.

13、 你偏愛哪個(gè)顏色? 2. 學(xué)生贊成改革。3. 他將這視為極大的恩惠。4. 誰是你特別喜歡的作家？favour1. Which colour do you favour? / What is your favourite colour? 2. The students were in favour of reform. 3. He regards this as a very favour.4. Who is your favourite writer?majority是名詞，意思是“大多數(shù)”，“大部分”，“多數(shù)票”等。如：The majority were / was against the

14、plan. 多數(shù)人不贊成這個(gè)計(jì)劃。The resolution was passed by a large majority. 這個(gè)決議以多數(shù)票通過。 拓展1. 一般可以說: the majority of the books / eggs / people 等, 不可以說：the majority of the milk / land / time等；2. majority作主語時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)體中的個(gè)體，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；majority構(gòu)成的the majority of短語后面可以接單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，其謂語與該名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如：The majority of c

15、riminals are young people. 大部分的罪犯是年輕人。3. the majority of與a majority of的區(qū)別：the majority of sb. / sth.指多數(shù)人/物，大部分人/物。如：the majority of the woman / people。a majority of指(投票時(shí)的)多數(shù)。如：The party I support has won by a majority of 264 votes (投票). / The bill (議案) was carried by a majority of 34 (301 to 267). 聯(lián)

16、想1. majority的反義詞是minority (n. 少數(shù))；2. major可作形容詞、名詞和動(dòng)詞，意為“主要的，重要的，大的(adj.)”；“主修課程，專業(yè)課(n.)”；“主修(v.)”；3. majority與most比較：majority一般修飾可數(shù)名詞，most修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)均可。Most（ The majority of） students are not interested in mathsUrge例題 單項(xiàng)填空。They urged that the Science Museum _ open during the vacation.A. was kept B. we

17、re kept C. be kept D. will be kept講解 urge可用作名詞和及物動(dòng)詞。 作名詞時(shí)，意為“迫切的要求，強(qiáng)烈的欲望、沖動(dòng)”等，常與不定冠詞an連用，常用搭配為have / feel an urge to do sth.，表示“很想做某事”。如：I was afraid of the boy and I had an urge to run away from him. 我害怕那個(gè)男孩，很想跑開。 He has an urge to become a lawyer. 他很想成為一名律師。 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“要求；敦促，催促，力勸”等，后跟帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、名詞或that從句等。注意that從句中要用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The people in that country urged freedom. 那個(gè)國家的人民要求自由。He urged me to join their company. 他敦促我盡快加入他們公司。My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job. 朋友們力勸我申請那份工作。通過以上講解可知，上面例題的正確答案為C。拓展 urge for 要求做出urge on 督促