汽車(chē)工程專(zhuān)業(yè)外文翻譯--傳統(tǒng)車(chē)身與現(xiàn)代車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)方法

1、.外文原文Traditional car body and modern car body design method1、Traditional car body design methodThe autocar car body shape is one of the three greatest fractions that are paralleled with bedrock and engine in the autocar structure, its development and capacity preparation cycle is the longest, and th

2、e preparation work of chart paper and craft is the biggest, and it is usually still need to remodel, unlike bedrock and engine attain which is easy to reach serialization and generalization.The characteristics of car body structure lies on the constitution of car body shape of each null parties be b

3、ig for size more but shape complicated space curved face(namely so-called person type overlay piece), these space curved faces can not be used ordinary machinery drawing method will it the complete earths surface appear, as a result have to create stereoscopic pattern as basis. For making these char

4、t paper and change a type tangibly express shape and structure of car body, need to pass a complicated design process to complete.In the traditional car body design, the design information and the data of car body deliver mainly by two-dimensional chart paper and principal mode type, there are many

5、design fraction of persons hand work. The defects that traditional design method can not overcome embody at as follows a few aspects:1、The manpower resource consume greatly. The traditional car body designs a tapping requirement the art designing personnel, engineering the technical personnel and it

6、s operative make a concerted effort, such as the creation and conservancy, molding tool of the two-dimensional engineering chart (the plot of car body graph), soil pattern design, production, grind to go together with and adjust to try, capacity prepare medium process planning etc.s will expend a pe

7、rson quantitative manpower and resource.2、Designing accuracy is low, the cycle is long. Accuracy low and main reasons lying in the information of each link that designs with born reserve to deliver is a kind of “move a shape, For example from lord draftion board manufacture principal mode Xing, is c

8、arried on by the principal mode type to process craft supplement, production craft pattern, from convex of the craft pattern turn over into concave craft pattern, again is depended by the craft pattern anti to process trimming die, after the convert of these links, raw datas the error of various fac

9、titiousness unavoidable, cause the molding tool accuracy of processings canning not assure, only depend next move of the hand work grind to go together with to clinch.3、Car body already set over speedy and the incapability carry on proceed together design. Traditional car bodys designing is basicall

10、y a kind of one-way anti reversible design status, product once already set, modification or remodel very difficult, the universal turns, the series turn a degree low.In addition, the car body of the modern autocar null parts because of the requirement of structure and beauty, the space curved face

11、gradually complicates, traditional design method F very difficult satisfy design request.2、Modern car body design methodAs design and modification of autocar car body shape request gradually increasing higher requirements, the parameter designment match more and come closer to the conceptual design

12、in modern CAD and proceed together design thought, and can develop the flexibility of design and analysis, therefore the parameter of the car body craft shape design have already become a inevitable trend of vehicle production. The traditional hand work shape method has already been replaced by Comp

13、uter aided modeling method which is base on various of advanced modeling soft wares, Parametric design technology can quickly absorb the foreign autocar car body designs of advanced technique, quickly respond to a market, upgrading the capability of independence design and improving autocar product

14、competitive power in our country. Since 70s in last century, along with the increasing development of computer aided geometric design and Computer graphics, the car body designs process mid for decide or the whole distances lead into calculator supporting system (CAD/CAM software), the garbage sets

15、up car body 3D digitize pattern, with” hat you see is what you get of alternate mode the perfect design scheme is the main features of modern car body design method. The basic process is following: After investigating the market, forming a car type of whole request; Manufacture hand-drawing effect c

16、hart, also available calculator assistance the software draw; The creation shrinks ratio and principal mode type; Set up car body figure pattern by the mode garbage of three coordinates scanning or laser scanning; Carry on a structure design, set up A class pattern; Born NC code produces a kind car.

17、 Draw an effect chart step, can hand work plot also the available calculator assistance software plot, concrete according to personal condition of designer and then settle, but use calculator plot can fasterly set up a car body figure pattern and make to modify an operate more convenient. But the us

18、e hand work plot rework make to shrink scale model with 1:a , again scan by three coordinateness or the laser scan of the mode garbage set up car body figure pattern, this is inner common use kind of method, because manufacture pattern in this way can even keep the style principle that the view eart

19、hs surface reaches to a designer. This is actually a process of contrary design. In a brief, the contrary engineering is to point the product pattern conversion that will have been already had to design in the process and apply very extensively in the car body for the process of the pattern of digit

20、ize engineering design in the calculator, equal hence 1 kind make copy and have to develop a cycle short, designing the accuracy being higher and easy to progress structure designing/ analyzing waiting merit.The famous soft wares, such as CATIA, IMAGEWARE and UG etc provided the strong reversal the

21、design function. The car body figure pattern cans share after creating and is advantageous to each segment realize to proceed together an operate and thus and consumedly shorten to design a cycle, and used for various CAD/CAM systems of car body design all according to 3D solid pattern auto born two

22、-dimensional car body chart paper and used for number to control the code of transform, at the same time when the 3D pattern takes place arbitrarily minuscule transform, the systems will of oneself modify with of related chart the paper and number control a code. Use a far-ranging calculator to lend

23、 support to software currently CATIA is the most famous, it is a CAD/CAM/CAE software that is reached Suo company and IBM by France to unite tapping, and the function is extremely strong. CATIA provides to have perfect CLASSA (A class curved face, this denomination also from reach Suo to propose fir

24、st) to set up function. CLASS the A curved face is in a brief a car body shape, instrument board, inside decoration piece etc. higher to curved face quality requirements type of curved face of parts, namely and only agreeable requests higher type of curved face, since wanting a surface is smooth and

25、 links to transfer smooth satisfy aerodynamics principle with the significant decrease air resistance, and then want to reserve the beauty of shape. Here point of A class curved face optics follow the sexual notion can in brief define from mathematics for: curve two ranks are several what continuous

26、, have no redundancy to turn a dot, curvature change balance, the strain energy is smaller. Is a G2 at least sequential(curvature continuous) to curved face, also namely two curved faces follow public tie line to be placed in all directions to have common law curvature. While putting together connec

27、ting, car body shape different curved face slabs continuousness have smooth request to transfer, satisfy G2 at least, even G3 continuous. The CLASS A curved face describes with the B kind method, the nodal point vector adopts tired the long parameter applying string turn a law; In the U, curved face

28、s V direction last time count at 3-7 times of, the maximum was 9 times no bigger than. In the actual design can from as follows a few aspects to evaluate A class curved face mass: the continuity, curved face whole cooperativeness, curved face of the inner mass, curved face of the design accuracy, cu

29、rved face of curved face satisfy car body structure the design and car body make a request. Positive because garbage energy such convenience, efficiently sets up CLASS A curved face, it just lets car body solid the shape is accurate day by day and quick, design a personnel construct more Be approach

30、ed to reality, curved face mass higher car body 3D pattern. Garbage not only can vs. car body external appearance and inside decoration create figure pattern, and can vs. engine, bedrock etc. other null parts create pattern, and directly carry on a limited kyat analysis, structure design/analysis, e

31、ven conjecture assembly and virtual air opening test etc., making to design a personnel can set up virtual electron kind with the garbage car and carry on trial, can in advance discover the existent question in the design before physically producing, raised an efficiency, lowered cost. Usually each

32、kit pattern sort is depositing in a large data bank, hereafter can go direct to match in the data bank while improving vs. the car type similar of null parts, modify its related parameter then meet demand, have never needed to re- design, be advantageous to the series of car type to turn very much,

33、produce company should to quick change of the capability of the market Be also strong to get poly.3、Domestic and international search present conditionCompare bigger autocar companies to widespread adopt the two-dimensional design of CAD system progress car body in the world, like the general arrang

34、ement(person machine engineering) of car body, inside the curved face structure of the outside overlay piece design, null parts structure and assembly design, molding tool design, and automatically born related design technique document. CAM/CAE is to apply to the CIMS technique also very universal.

35、 Each big autocar manufacturing companies all own their huge car body tapping of oneself troops, and dont hesitate to throw in the laboratory that the mint capital create a forerunner, develop or usher in the technical software progress car body design.Designing applied more earth of realm in the ca

36、r body can the software mainly has the United States Auto studio of the ALIAS Company, CATIA of subsidiary Daussault of IBM Company, PRO/Engineer etc. of the UG of EDS Company, parameter Technique Company. These soft wares all belong to in general use machine design software and have stronger curved

37、 face design, parameter to turn designed capacity or mix to design function, and can favor the machinery manufacturing whole processes, then design a model engineering analysis the transform make, some even can better backing car body design of first step, namely conceptual design(Concept Design) st

38、ep(is like Auto studio), and put together with model tie through a certain way it, design plane the convert as two-dimensional pattern.The local calculator is used for an autocar design to begin from 70s.The long spring vapor grinds agreeable procedure car body exclusive use function of the curved f

39、ace optics developed board, created its car body graphics used in design library, developed the autocar car body surface shape and structure design process system, the system had to draw car body soil draftion board and car body part drawing and provide transform principal mode type NC data, manufac

40、ture the capability of soil pattern. The autocar motorcycle manufacturing company in Peking develops the BJA-BSM car body CAD system, successfully is applied to BJ124, the BJ125 waits the car type of various new car type operate. Shanghai G.M. and Shanghai together helped together Jie science and te

41、chnology limited company etc. to design to develop flow process to carry on to a little bit thoroughly study vs. the car body and forming a more perfect car body tapping procedure. But still exist a lot of problems that need settle urgently in the aspects of clicking a data handling, curved face sur

42、face optics being agreeable, mathematical models converting process waiting. Is a lot of local win a small autocar business because of the restriction of capital, equipment and personnel, can not carry on the search and application of comparing the system to the car body design method, or only apply

43、 some one realm, applied get maximum of also just make vs. the product partial or little yellow of change.中文譯文傳統(tǒng)車(chē)身與現(xiàn)代車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)方法1、傳統(tǒng)車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)方法汽車(chē)車(chē)身外形是汽車(chē)結(jié)構(gòu)中與底盤(pán)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)并列的三大部分之一，其開(kāi)發(fā)和生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期最長(zhǎng)，圖紙及工藝準(zhǔn)備的工作量最人，并且還經(jīng)常要改型，不像底盤(pán)和發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)那樣容易做到系列化、通用化。車(chē)身結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)在于組成車(chē)身外形的各個(gè)零部件多為尺寸大而形狀復(fù)雜的空間曲面(即所謂人型覆蓋件)，這些空間曲面無(wú)法用一般的機(jī)械制圖方法將其完整地表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，因而不得不

44、建立立體模型作為依據(jù)。為了使這些圖紙和換型能夠確切地表現(xiàn)出車(chē)身的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)，需要通過(guò)一套復(fù)雜的設(shè)計(jì)程序來(lái)完成。在傳統(tǒng)車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)方法中，車(chē)身的設(shè)計(jì)信息和數(shù)據(jù)的傳遞主要是靠二維圖紙和主模型，人的手工設(shè)計(jì)部分較多。傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法無(wú)法克服的缺點(diǎn)土要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：1、人力物力消耗大。傳統(tǒng)的車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)需要美工人員、工程技術(shù)人員及其工人通力合作，如二維工程圖(車(chē)身曲線圖的繪制)、土模型的制作和保存、模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造、研配和調(diào)試、生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備中的工藝設(shè)計(jì)等都將耗費(fèi)人量的人力和物力。2、設(shè)計(jì)精度低、周期長(zhǎng)。精度低的主要原因在于設(shè)計(jì)和生成準(zhǔn)備的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)之間信息傳遞是一種“移形”，例如由主圖板制作主模刑，由主模型進(jìn)行

45、加工工藝補(bǔ)充，制造工藝模型，由凸的工藝模型翻成凹的工藝模型，再由工藝模型反靠加工沖模，原始數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過(guò)這些環(huán)節(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)換，各種人為的誤差就在所難免，導(dǎo)致加工出的模具精度無(wú)法保證，只有靠下一步的手工研配來(lái)解決。3、車(chē)身定型過(guò)早且不能進(jìn)行并行設(shè)計(jì)。傳統(tǒng)車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)基本上是一種單向不可逆設(shè)計(jì)狀態(tài)，產(chǎn)品一旦定型，修改或改型非常困難，通用化、系列化程度低。此外，現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)的車(chē)身零部件由于結(jié)構(gòu)和美觀的需要，空間曲面日趨復(fù)雜化，傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法己很難滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。傳統(tǒng)的車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)方法的流程可用圖1.1來(lái)表示。2、現(xiàn)代車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)方法隨著汽車(chē)車(chē)身造型的設(shè)計(jì)與修改要求日趨增高，參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)更符合和貼近現(xiàn)代CAD中的概念設(shè)計(jì)和并行設(shè)計(jì)思

46、想，并可提高設(shè)計(jì)與分析的柔性，因此車(chē)身模型的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)成為車(chē)輛制造行業(yè)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。目前傳統(tǒng)的手工造型方法已被建立在各種先進(jìn)的造型建模軟件基礎(chǔ)上的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助造型方法所取代，參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)能夠快速吸收國(guó)外汽車(chē)車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，快速響應(yīng)市場(chǎng)，提高我國(guó)自主設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)汽車(chē)的能力，提高汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。上世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)輔助幾何設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展，車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中部分或全程引入計(jì)算機(jī)輔助系統(tǒng)(CAD/CAM軟件)，在計(jì)算機(jī)中構(gòu)建車(chē)身三維數(shù)字化模型，以“所見(jiàn)即所得的”交互方式完善設(shè)計(jì)方案，是現(xiàn)代車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)方法的主要特點(diǎn)。其基本流程：經(jīng)過(guò)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研，形成車(chē)型的整體要求；制作手繪效果圖，

47、也可利用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件繪制；制作縮比例及主模型；以三坐標(biāo)掃描或激光掃描的方式在計(jì)算機(jī)中構(gòu)建車(chē)身數(shù)字模型；進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，構(gòu)建A級(jí)模型；生成NC代碼，生產(chǎn)樣車(chē)。在繪制效果圖階段，可手工繪制也可利用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件繪制，具體根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)師個(gè)人情況而定，但使用計(jì)算機(jī)繪制可更快捷地構(gòu)建車(chē)身數(shù)字模型并使修改工作更方便。而使用手工繪制再制作縮比例模型和1:1主模型，再以三坐標(biāo)掃描或激光掃描的方式在計(jì)算機(jī)中構(gòu)建車(chē)身數(shù)字模型，這是更常用的一種方法，因?yàn)橐赃@種方式制作模型更能直觀地表達(dá)出設(shè)計(jì)師的風(fēng)格理念。這實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)逆向設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，逆向工程就是指將已有的產(chǎn)品模型轉(zhuǎn)化為計(jì)算機(jī)中的數(shù)字化工程設(shè)計(jì)模型的過(guò)程，相當(dāng)于是一種仿制，具有開(kāi)發(fā)周期短、設(shè)計(jì)精度較高、便于進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/分析等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中應(yīng)用很廣泛。著名的C A T I A 、IMAGEWARE、UG等軟件都提供了強(qiáng)大的逆向設(shè)計(jì)功能。車(chē)身數(shù)字模型建立后可共享，有利于各部門(mén)實(shí)現(xiàn)并行工作，從而大大縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期，而且用于車(chē)身設(shè)計(jì)的各種CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)都能夠根據(jù)三維實(shí)體模型自動(dòng)生成二維的車(chē)身圖紙和用于數(shù)控加工的代碼，同時(shí)當(dāng)三維模型發(fā)生任意微小的改變時(shí),系統(tǒng)都會(huì)自動(dòng)地修改與