熱能與動力工程水動方向畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

1、We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role

2、of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication "ze

3、ro resistance". To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS+, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of As

4、sistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS+, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure &q

5、uot;zero." To strengthening Humanities care, continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, org

6、anization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management,

7、 ensure that the business of "zero risk". To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, str

8、engthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk pre

9、vention capacity. To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve "according to law, standardize and fair." Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees "zero fly". To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluatio

10、n and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards . Work, full play party, and branch, and members in "five type Enterprise" construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to co

11、ntinues to strengthening "four good" leadership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in the存檔編號 華北水利水電大學(xué) North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)題目： 15-RY-04水電站初步設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院： 電力學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 熱能與動力工程（水動） 姓 名： 楊正超 學(xué) 號： 指導(dǎo)教師： 任 巖 完成時(shí)間： 2015年5月25日 教務(wù)

12、處制獨(dú)立完成與誠信聲明本人鄭重聲明：所提交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）是本人在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立工作所取得的成果并撰寫完成的，鄭重確認(rèn)沒有剽竊、抄襲等違反學(xué)術(shù)道德、學(xué)術(shù)規(guī)范的侵權(quán)行為。文中除已經(jīng)標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外，不包含其他人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。對本文的研究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）作者簽名： 指導(dǎo)導(dǎo)師簽名： 簽字日期： 簽字日期：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書本人完全了解華北水利水電大學(xué)有關(guān)保管、使用畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的規(guī)定。特授權(quán)華北水利水電大學(xué)可以將畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的全部或部分內(nèi)容公開和編

13、入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫提供檢索，并采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段復(fù)制、保存、匯編以供查閱和借閱。同意學(xué)校向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）原件或復(fù)印件和電子文檔（涉密的成果在解密后應(yīng)遵守此規(guī)定）。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）作者簽名： 導(dǎo)師簽名：簽字日期： 簽字日期：門急診醫(yī)技樓外腳手架采用懸挑式單排腳手架，基礎(chǔ)回填后改為落地式雙排腳手架，腳手架搭設(shè)高度為23m。病房醫(yī)技樓外腳手架采用懸挑雙排腳手架，分四次懸挑of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in com

14、pany development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengt

15、hen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Empl

16、oyees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing,

17、we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and wo

18、rk hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy華北水利水電大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)目錄摘要IAbstractII說明書目錄第一章 水輪機(jī)11.1概述11.2 水輪機(jī)型號及裝機(jī)臺數(shù)的確定11.2.1水輪機(jī)型號的選擇11.3 各初選方案原型水輪機(jī)參數(shù)的計(jì)算21.4精選方案的確定及其參數(shù)的計(jì)算31.4.1精選方案的確定31.4.2精選方案綜合特性曲線的繪制41.4.3精選方案

19、發(fā)電機(jī)的選擇121.5 最佳方案的確定及蝸殼尾水管的水力設(shè)計(jì)141.5.1最佳方案的確定141.5.2最佳方案蝸殼的水力設(shè)計(jì)及其繪制171.5.3最佳方案尾水管水力設(shè)計(jì)18第二章 電氣212.1 設(shè)計(jì)原始資料212.2電氣主接線初步方案的擬定212.2.1電氣主接線設(shè)計(jì)的基本依據(jù)和要求212.2.2對原始資料的分析212.2.3電氣主接線初選方案的確定222.2.4初選方案的比較和精選方案的確定252.2.5精選方案的比較和最終方案的確定262.2.6主變壓器的選擇262.3廠用電設(shè)計(jì)272.3.1廠用電接線的確定272.3.2廠用變壓器的選擇282.4短路電流計(jì)算282.4.1 短路形成的原

20、因282.4.2短路的危害282.4.3短路的類型282.4.4短路電流計(jì)算目的292.4.5短路電流計(jì)算的假定條件292.4.6最佳電氣主接線方案短路電流的計(jì)算292.5 主要電氣設(shè)備的選擇與校驗(yàn)302.5.1斷路器的選擇與校驗(yàn)302.5.2隔離開關(guān)的選擇與校驗(yàn)312.5.3母線的選擇與校驗(yàn)322.5.4 發(fā)電機(jī)出口絕緣子的選擇與校驗(yàn)332.5.5 電壓互感器及熔斷器的選擇332.5.6電流互感器的選擇352.5.7避雷器的選擇362.6電力系統(tǒng)中性點(diǎn)接地方式及消弧線圈的選擇372.6.1 220kV電壓等級的接地方式372.6.2 發(fā)電機(jī)中性點(diǎn)接地方式372.7繼電保護(hù)372.8電氣二次初

21、步規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)382.8.1控制方式和控制接線382.8.2電器測量儀表的配置39第三章 水力機(jī)組輔助設(shè)備403.1原始資料403.2起重設(shè)備的選擇403.2.1起重機(jī)形式和臺數(shù)的選擇403.2.2起重機(jī)主要工作參數(shù)的選擇413.3主閥的選擇413.4調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算423.4.1調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算原始資料423.4.2調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算的任務(wù)433.4.3有壓過水系統(tǒng)的LiVi計(jì)算433.4.4設(shè)計(jì)水頭下壓力上升值及尾水管真空值計(jì)算443.4.5設(shè)計(jì)水頭下轉(zhuǎn)速上升計(jì)算453.4.6最大水頭下壓力上升值校核453.4.7調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備的選擇453.5油系統(tǒng)463.5.1油系統(tǒng)的組成，任務(wù)和服務(wù)對象463.5.2用油量計(jì)

22、算473.5.3油系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的選擇483.5.4設(shè)備明細(xì)表，油系統(tǒng)圖和操作程序表513.6氣系統(tǒng)533.6.1氣系統(tǒng)的組成、任務(wù)、供氣對象及類型533.6.2高壓氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)543.6.3低壓氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)553.6.4氣系統(tǒng)設(shè)備明細(xì)表及氣系統(tǒng)圖553.7技術(shù)供水系統(tǒng)563.7.1技術(shù)供水的對象及作用563.7.2水源、供水方式、設(shè)備配置方式的確定563.7.3用水設(shè)備對水溫、水壓、水質(zhì)的要求563.7.4用水量的計(jì)算573.7.5技術(shù)供水設(shè)備的選擇573.8排水系統(tǒng)583.8.1檢修排水583.8.2滲漏排水系統(tǒng)59第四章 廠房614.1基本資料614.2主廠房的布置634.2.1發(fā)電機(jī)層的布置

23、634.2.2水輪機(jī)層的布置644.2.3蝸殼層的布置654.2.4安裝間的布置654.3副廠房的布置664.3.1副廠房的組成664.3.2副廠房的位置664.4廠房的采光、通風(fēng)、防潮68計(jì)算書目錄第一章 水輪機(jī)691.1概述691.2 水輪機(jī)型號及裝機(jī)臺數(shù)的確定701.2.1水輪機(jī)型號的選擇701.2.2裝機(jī)臺數(shù)的選擇701.3 各初選方案原型水輪機(jī)參數(shù)的計(jì)算711.3.1 方案一（ZZ460，2臺，單機(jī)容量160MW）各參數(shù)的計(jì)算711.3.2 方案二（ZZ460，4臺，單機(jī)容量80MW）各參數(shù)的計(jì)算761.3.3 方案三（ZZ560，2臺，單機(jī)容量160MW）各參數(shù)的計(jì)算821.3.4

24、 方案四（ZZ560，4臺，單機(jī)容量80MW）各參數(shù)的計(jì)算881.3.5 各方案機(jī)組技術(shù)參數(shù)列表如表1-7所示。941.4 精選方案的確定及其參數(shù)的計(jì)算941.4.1 精選方案的確定941.4.2精選方案綜合特性曲線的繪制951.4.3精選方案發(fā)電機(jī)的選擇1041.5 最佳方案的確定及蝸殼尾水管的水力設(shè)計(jì)1171.5.1最佳方案的確定1171.5.2最佳方案蝸殼的水力設(shè)計(jì)及其繪制1201.5.3最佳方案尾水管水力設(shè)計(jì)123第二章 電氣1282.1 設(shè)計(jì)原始資料1282.2電氣主接線初步方案的擬定1282.2.1電氣主接線設(shè)計(jì)的基本依據(jù)和要求1282.2.2對原始資料的分析1292.2.3電氣主

25、接線初選方案的確定1302.2.4初選方案的比較和精選方案的確定1332.2.5精選方案的比較和最佳方案的確定1362.2.6主變壓器的選擇1382.3廠用電設(shè)計(jì)1392.3.1廠用電源引接方式的確定1392.3.2廠用電接線形式1402.3.3廠用變壓器的選擇1412.4短路電流計(jì)算1412.4.1 短路形成的原因1412.4.2短路的危害1412.4.3短路的類型1422.4.4短路電流計(jì)算目的1422.4.5短路電流計(jì)算的假定條件1422.4.6最佳電氣主接線方案短路電流的計(jì)算1422.5 主要電氣設(shè)備的選擇與校驗(yàn)1512.5.1斷路器的選擇與校驗(yàn)1512.5.2隔離開關(guān)的選擇與校驗(yàn)15

26、92.5.3母線的選擇與校驗(yàn)1622.5.4 發(fā)電機(jī)出口絕緣子的選擇與校驗(yàn)1672.5.5 電壓互感器及熔斷器的選擇1692.5.6電流互感器的選擇1722.5.7避雷器的選擇1762.5.7.1避雷器的基本原理1762.6電力系統(tǒng)中性點(diǎn)接地方式及消弧線圈的選擇1782.6.1 220kV電壓等級的接地方式1782.6.2 發(fā)電機(jī)中性點(diǎn)接地方式1782.7繼電保護(hù)1792.7.1繼電保護(hù)的概念1792.7.2繼電保護(hù)的任務(wù)和作用1802.7.3電力系統(tǒng)中各電氣元件的機(jī)電保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)1802.9電氣二次初步規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)1832.9.1控制方式和控制接線1832.9.2電器測量儀表的配置183第三章 水力

27、機(jī)組輔助設(shè)備1853.1原始資料1853.2起重設(shè)備的選擇1853.2.1起重機(jī)形式和臺數(shù)的選擇1853.2.2起重機(jī)主要工作參數(shù)的選擇1863.3主閥的選擇1883.4調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算1883.4.1調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算原始資料1883.4.2調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算的任務(wù)1903.4.3有壓過水系統(tǒng)的LiVi計(jì)算1903.4.4設(shè)計(jì)水頭下壓力上升值及尾水管真空值計(jì)算1963.4.5設(shè)計(jì)水頭下轉(zhuǎn)速上升計(jì)算1983.4.6最大水頭下壓力上升值校核2013.4.7調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備的選擇2033.5油系統(tǒng)2063.5.1油系統(tǒng)的組成，任務(wù)和服務(wù)對象2063.5.2透平油系統(tǒng)用油量計(jì)算2063.5.4油系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的選擇2123.5.

28、5設(shè)備明細(xì)表，油系統(tǒng)圖和操作程序表2183.6氣系統(tǒng)2203.6.1氣系統(tǒng)的組成，任務(wù)，供氣對象及類型2203.6.2高壓氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)2203.6.3低壓氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)2223.6.4氣系統(tǒng)設(shè)備明細(xì)表及氣系統(tǒng)圖2253.7技術(shù)供水系統(tǒng)2253.7.1技術(shù)供水的對象及作用2253.7.2水源及供水方式，設(shè)備配置方式的確定2263.7.3用水設(shè)備對水溫，水壓，水質(zhì)的要求2263.7.4用水量的計(jì)算2273.7.5技術(shù)供水設(shè)備的選擇2283.7.6繪制技術(shù)供水系統(tǒng)圖2303.8排水系統(tǒng)2303.8.1檢修排水2303.8.2滲漏排水系統(tǒng)234第四章 廠房2364.1基本資料2364.2主廠房主要尺寸的

29、確定2384.2.1主廠房總長度L的確定2384.2.2主廠房總寬度B的確定2414.2.3主廠房各高程的確定242參 考 文 獻(xiàn)297致 謝298附錄A 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書299附錄B 開題報(bào)告305附錄C 外文資料原文309附錄D 外文資料譯文314附錄E 附 圖31815-RY-04水電站初步設(shè)計(jì)摘要：本設(shè)計(jì)為15-RY-04水電站初步設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括水輪機(jī)選型設(shè)計(jì)、電氣一次設(shè)計(jì)、水力機(jī)組輔助設(shè)備及主廠房布置等四部分的設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容。 水輪機(jī)選型設(shè)計(jì)部分：依據(jù)原始資料初步確定機(jī)組的臺數(shù)和機(jī)型，從而形成了四種設(shè)計(jì)方案，然后對四種方案的技術(shù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算和比較，精選出兩種方案作為備選方案；同過繪制兩個(gè)方案

30、的綜合運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)特性曲線和等吸出高度線，進(jìn)行比較后確定一個(gè)方案作為設(shè)計(jì)的最終方案，然后，算出所確定方案的蝸殼和尾水管參數(shù)。 電氣部分：結(jié)合電站實(shí)際情況，形成三種初選方案，比較三種方案的供電可靠性及靈活性，選出兩種精選方案，然后通過綜合投資的比較，最終確定接線方式為雙母線分段的接線方式，確定了四個(gè)短路點(diǎn)，并對四個(gè)短路點(diǎn)進(jìn)行短路電流計(jì)算，得出短路電流值。在此基礎(chǔ)上對設(shè)備的型號及形式進(jìn)行了選擇。最后繪制出一張電氣主接線圖。 水力機(jī)組輔助設(shè)備部分：首先進(jìn)行起重機(jī)的計(jì)算與選擇，然后進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算，選出合適的導(dǎo)葉關(guān)閉時(shí)間，由此選擇出合適的調(diào)速器和油壓裝置的型號，對油、氣、水的用量作了詳細(xì)的計(jì)算，并選擇了各種設(shè)

31、備的型號與所需臺數(shù)。分別繪制油、氣、水的系統(tǒng)圖。 主廠房布置：根據(jù)已經(jīng)計(jì)算的發(fā)電機(jī)、蝸殼、水輪機(jī)的尺寸，確定了廠房的寬度和長度，依據(jù)計(jì)算的結(jié)果確定了各個(gè)面的高程。根據(jù)電站實(shí)際情況對安裝場與中控室作了布置，并繪制出了廠房橫剖面圖及發(fā)電機(jī)層、水輪機(jī)層和蝸殼尾水管層等三個(gè)層的平面布置圖。關(guān)鍵詞：水輪機(jī)、水力機(jī)組輔助設(shè)備、調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算、蝸殼、尾水管。Preliminary design of 15 - RY - 04 hydropower stationAbstract：The preliminary design of 15-RY-04 hydropower station, including t

32、urbine type design, an electrical design, hydraulic unit auxiliary equipment and plant layout of the main four parts of the design elements.Selection and design of turbine parts：the original basis for the initial units to determine the number and type of Taiwan, thus the four designs, and then the f

33、our programs of technical parameters were calculated and compared. namely, the two programs as options; Drawing off with two programs integrated operating characteristic curve and such a high level of absorption lines, After comparing a program to determine the final design of the program, and then

34、calculated by determining program scroll and a tail pipe parameters. The electrical parts : the actual combined power station, formed three primaries, Comparing the three options of supply reliability and flexibility to select the best two programs, then pass the comprehensive investment, final wiri

35、ng for the pentagon wiring, set four short-circuit, also four points short of short-circuit current calculation, the value of short-circuit current. Based on this model of the equipment and the format of choice。Finally map out a main electrical wiring plans.Hydraulic unit auxiliary equipment : First

36、 lifting of calculation and choice, then adjust guarantee, selection of the appropriate guide vanes closing time, thus suitable choice governor and hydraulic device models for the oil, gas, Water usage in detail, and choosing the type of equipment required and the number of Taiwan。Drawing respective

37、ly oil, gas, water system map. Main Building Layout : According to calculations generators, volute, turbine size of the plant to determine the width and length, calculated on the basis of the results of the various surface elevation. According to the actual situation on the power station market with

38、 the installation of control room made layout, and drawing up the factory and Wang A map generator layer, volute turbine layer and tail pipe layer of the three-storey plan.Key words : Turbine, hydraulic unit auxiliary equipment, regulating assurance, scroll, tail pipesI設(shè)計(jì)說明書第一章 水輪機(jī)1.1概述 （1）水電站名稱：15-

39、RY-04水電站 （2）電站地理位置：陜西省境內(nèi)，漢江上游。 （3）樞紐任務(wù)：以發(fā)電為主，兼顧航運(yùn)。 （4）水能開發(fā)方式：河床式水電站。 （5）水文氣象資料 每年平均氣溫：8，最高氣溫：38.9，最低氣溫：-24，壩段河道不結(jié)冰。平均風(fēng)速2m/s，最大風(fēng)速24m/s。河水多年平均含沙量3.01億噸；多年平均含沙量13.2kg/；汛期平均含沙量24.2/。設(shè)計(jì)洪峰流量27500/s，校核洪峰流量32600/s。 （6）水能規(guī)劃參數(shù) 電站總裝機(jī)容量：320MW 設(shè)計(jì)保證率：90% 最大水頭：Hmax=23.5m 設(shè)計(jì)水頭：Hr=21.0m 平均水頭：Hav=21.0m 最小水頭：Hmin=8m1.

40、2 水輪機(jī)型號及裝機(jī)臺數(shù)的確定1.2.1水輪機(jī)型號的選擇 根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)原始資料查參考文獻(xiàn)1P370附表1可選擇水輪機(jī)型號為ZZ560，再查參考文獻(xiàn)2 P11表1-3可選擇水輪機(jī)型號為ZZ460。兩種水輪機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)輪參數(shù)如表1-1所示。表1-1 轉(zhuǎn)輪參數(shù)表適用水頭范圍（m）轉(zhuǎn)輪型號葉片數(shù)Z1輪轂比B導(dǎo)葉相對高度b0最優(yōu)單位轉(zhuǎn)速n11(rpm)推薦使用最大單位流量Q11（l/s）模型空化系數(shù)1526ZZ46050.50.38211617500.61022ZZ56040.40.413020000.50.91.2.2裝機(jī)臺數(shù)的選擇（1）本電站裝機(jī)容量為320MW,且用電負(fù)荷以工業(yè)用電為主，為一級負(fù)荷，為保證供

41、電可靠性，應(yīng)至少設(shè)置兩臺機(jī)組。（2）從機(jī)電設(shè)備成本考慮，小機(jī)組的單位千瓦造價(jià)高于大機(jī)組；但是隨著機(jī)組臺數(shù)的增加，其輔助設(shè)備的數(shù)量也相應(yīng)增加，因此相同裝機(jī)容量下水電站的建設(shè)成本隨著機(jī)組臺數(shù)的增加而增加，所以機(jī)組臺數(shù)不宜過多。（3）當(dāng)機(jī)組臺數(shù)較多時(shí)，電站的運(yùn)行靈活性較高，發(fā)生事故時(shí)對系統(tǒng)的影響較小。（4）現(xiàn)代水電站多采用單元接線和擴(kuò)大單元接線，考慮到本電站裝機(jī)容量不是很大，宜采用擴(kuò)大單元接線更為經(jīng)濟(jì)，所以機(jī)組臺數(shù)應(yīng)選擇偶數(shù)。綜上所述，結(jié)合本電站擔(dān)任調(diào)峰任務(wù)，最終決定選擇合理的裝機(jī)臺數(shù)為兩臺和四臺兩種方案。由水輪機(jī)型號方案和臺數(shù)方 案確定4個(gè)初選方案如表1-1所示表1-2 初選方案初選方案水輪機(jī)型號

42、裝機(jī)臺數(shù)（臺）單機(jī)容量（MW）方案一ZZ4602160方案二ZZ460480方案三ZZ5602160方案四ZZ5604801.3 各初選方案原型水輪機(jī)參數(shù)的計(jì)算各初選方案的各個(gè)參數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果列表如表1-3所示。表1-3 各方案技術(shù)參數(shù)表方案號項(xiàng)目方案一方案二方案三方案四單機(jī)容量×臺數(shù)160MW×280MW×4160MW×280MW×4水輪機(jī)型號ZZ460ZZ460ZZ560ZZ560適用水頭范圍H（m）1530153010221022額定水頭Hr（m）21212121轉(zhuǎn)輪直徑D1（m）11.12810.557.5原型機(jī)最高效率max(%)90.9

43、890.7092.9092.60限制工況效率T(%)86.586.288.187.8同步轉(zhuǎn)速n（r/min）55.568.257.779飛逸轉(zhuǎn)速nR（r/min）138.75170.5144.25197.50額定流量Qr（m3/s）935.53469.43918.44460.55額定單位轉(zhuǎn)速n11r（r/min）130.67115.25132.84129.29額定單位流量Qr（m3/s）1.651.601.801.79吸出高度Hs（m）-4.98-3.94-6.27-6.27安裝高程（m）217.04217.48215.96214.50總軸向力Fa（t）2690.231326.632237.1

44、61084.66 各初選方案的工作范圍圖如附圖一到附圖四所示1.4精選方案的確定及其參數(shù)的計(jì)算1.4.1精選方案的確定對以上四種初選方案從能量性能、空化性能以及技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面的比較，最終確定方案二和方案四為精選方案，精選方案的技術(shù)參數(shù)如表1-4所示。表1-4 精選方案的技術(shù)參數(shù)精選方案轉(zhuǎn)輪型號臺數(shù)單機(jī)容量（MW）n(r/min)Hs（m）Qr(/s)D1（m）方案二ZZ46048086.268.2-4.5469.438方案四ZZ56048087.679-5461.917.51.4.2精選方案綜合特性曲線的繪制1.4.2.1方案二運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)綜合特性曲線的繪制（1）等效率線的繪制 軸流轉(zhuǎn)槳式水輪機(jī)的效率

45、修方法是每個(gè)葉片轉(zhuǎn)角下采用不同的效率修正值，對各葉片轉(zhuǎn)角下效率修正值進(jìn)行計(jì)算，計(jì)算中所用到的主要公式有： T0=1-1-M0(0.3+0.75D1MD1T10HMHT) =T0-M0 對方案二的各葉片轉(zhuǎn)角下的效率修正值計(jì)算結(jié)果列表如表1-5所示，等效率計(jì)算表如表1-6所示。繪制方案二的等效率曲線如附圖五中（b）所示。表1-5 方案二ZZ460水輪機(jī)各葉片轉(zhuǎn)角下效率修正值-10-50+5+10+15+20M00.6500.6500.6500.6500.6500.6500.650T00.7820.7820.7820.7820.7820.7820.7820.1320.1320.1320.1320.1

46、320.1320.132- 3 -表1-6 方案二等效率線計(jì)算表H(m)812162123.5N11m=nD1H-n11(r/min)189.09157.3132.6115.25108.74MTQ11(m3/s)P(kW)MTQ11(m3/s)P(kW)MTQ11(m3/s)P(kW)MTQ11(m3/s)P(kW)MTQ11(m3/s)P(kW)-100.1320.580.710.606068.970.620.750.479224.370.610.740.4411908.100.630.760.3817518.060.660.790.3821552.99-50.0760.650.730.98

47、10107.570.740.820.7816611.380.770.840.7322392.610.800.870.6433718.980.800.880.6238846.0200.0620.700.761.3114181.110.790.851.0924152.110.810.870.9831240.890.840.900.8646608.900.830.890.8151619.4650.0570.680.741.7518322.700.790.851.4632198.110.820.871.3442668.260.850.901.1663218.250.850.901.0869675.66

48、100.0640.650.712.2222518.280.770.831.7638079.220.800.861.6150560.910.830.891.3974661.120.830.901.3284498.26150.0680.620.692.5124532.740.730.792.1143669.330.770.841.8957906.450.810.881.6185505.230.820.881.5396737.41200.0760.580.662.8226280.700.740.822.2165856.740.780.861.8897572.840.790.871.78.169（2）

49、出力限制線的繪制 轉(zhuǎn)槳式水輪機(jī)模型綜合特性曲線上不標(biāo)出力限制線，但其最大出力受空化條件的限制。在確定了水輪機(jī)額定工況之后，通常把過額定工況點(diǎn)的等開度線作為出力限制線，然后以水輪機(jī)最小水頭Hmin和額定水頭Hr分別計(jì)算出模型的單位轉(zhuǎn)速n11A和n11B，在ZZ460水輪機(jī)模型綜合特性曲線上以n11A和n11B分別作水平線與確定為出力限制線的等開度線分別交于A，B兩點(diǎn)。查出A點(diǎn)的效率MA和單位流量Q11A,計(jì)算出A點(diǎn)的出力PA，由（PA，Hmin）可確定Hmin下的出力限制點(diǎn)A。同理由(PB，Hr)可確定Hr下的出力限制點(diǎn)B。用直線連接A，B兩點(diǎn)即為HHr時(shí)的原型水輪機(jī)出力限制線。當(dāng)HHr時(shí)水輪機(jī)

50、的出力受發(fā)電機(jī)的額定容量限制。 繪制方案二的出力限制線如附圖五中（b）所示。（3）等吸出高度線的繪制 計(jì)算出各水頭對應(yīng)的模型單位轉(zhuǎn)速n11M，在模型綜合特性曲線上過各n11M作水平線與各等空化系數(shù)線相交，記下各交點(diǎn)的Q11與值。由各點(diǎn)的計(jì)算相應(yīng)的吸出高度Hs,由各點(diǎn)的Q11值利用Q11-f（P）輔助線（如附圖六中（a）所示）可確定相應(yīng)的出力P，然后可作出各水頭下的Hs-f（P）曲線（如附圖六中（b）所示）。 在Hs-f（P）曲線上取幾個(gè)不同的Hs值作水平線與各Hs-f（P）曲線相交，記下各交點(diǎn)的H及P，將這些點(diǎn)（P，H）繪制到P-H坐標(biāo)系中，并用光滑曲線連接。 等吸出高度線計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)表見表1-7

51、所示。繪制方案二等吸出高度線如附圖六（c）所示表1-7 方案二等吸出高度數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算表H（m）812162123.5n11(r/min)189.09157.3132.6115.25108.74MkMHQ11(s)P (kW)HS(m)kMHQ11(s)P (kW)HS(m)kMHQ11(s)P (kW)HS(m)kMHQ11(s)P (kW)HS(m)kMHQ11(s)P (kW)HS(m)0.252.200.514500.007.563.300.9621900.06.464.401.0332600.05.365.781.0851600.03.986.461.0861900.03.300.302.640.799970.007.123.961.1623500.5.805.281.1938400.04.486.931