2022年全國(guó)統(tǒng)一高考英語(yǔ)試卷（全國(guó)乙卷）試題及解析

1、河南省2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2. 回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽

2、完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15. 答案是C。1. What does the man want to do? A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office. 2. What was George doing last night? A Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project. 3. Why does the

3、 man suggest going to the park? A. Its big. B. Its quiet. C. Its new. 4. How does the woman sound? A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled. 5. Where is the mans table? A. Near the door. B. By the window. C. In the corner. 第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前

4、，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6. What are the speakers going to do tonight? A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports. 7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Hostess and guest. C. Husband and wife. 聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8. Why

5、does the woman think July is the best time to move? A. Their business is slow. B. The weather is favorable. C. Its easy to hire people. 9. How will they handle the moving? A. Finish it all at once. B. Have the sales section go first. C. Do one department at a time. 聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10. What did Pete

6、r learn from his grandfather? A. How to appreciate art works. B. How to deal with artists. C. How to run a museum. 11. What did Peter do in Chicago? A. He studied at a college. B. He served in the army. C. He worked in a gallery. 12. Whose works did Peter like best? A. Rembrandts. B. Botticellis. C.

7、 Rubens. 聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a library. B. In a law firm. C. On a train. 14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper? A. March. B. August. C. October. 15. Why did John quit his part-time job? A He had to catch up with his study. B. He was of

8、fered a better one. C. He got tired of it. 16 What is Susans attitude to Johns problem? A. Carefree. B. Understanding. C. Forgiving. 聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012? A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner. 18. Why was the 2016 Olympics importan

9、t for the speaker? A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth place. 19. Which is the hardest for the speaker? A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing Botswana. 20. What is the speaker mainly talking about? A. His plan to go for the gold.B

10、. His experience on the track.C. His love for his home country. 第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHenry Raeburn (1756-1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Raebu

11、rn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像畫) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission

12、to lectures is free. An Introduction to RaeburnSunday 26 Oct., 15.00DUNCAN THOMSONRaeburns English ContemporariesThursday 30 Oct. 13.10JUDY EGERTONCharacters and Characterisation in Raeburns PortraitsThursday 6 Nov., 13.10NICHOLAS PHILLIPSONRaeburn and Artists Training in the 18th CenturyThursday 13

13、 Nov., 13.10MARTIN POSTLEExhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and CollegesA special

14、 low entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.1 What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A. Sun. 26 Oct.B. Thurs. 30 Oct.C. Thurs. 6 Nov.D. Thurs.13 Nov.2

15、. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A. 4.B. 8.C. 12.D. 16.3. How can full-time students get group discounts?A. They should go on Sunday mornings.B. They should come from art schools.C. They must be led by teachers.D. They must have ID cards with them.BIn 1916, two

16、girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the

17、 children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well, they

18、 wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arr

19、ive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickendens book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the b

20、uilding of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (堅(jiān)忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here

21、 is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.

22、” 4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A. To teach in a school.B. To study American history.C. To write a book.D. To do sightseeing.5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect.B. They had a room with a bathtub.C. They lived with the local k

23、ids.D. They suffered severe hardships.6. Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn.B. The living conditions in Elkhead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies.D. The natural beauty of the West.7. What is the text?A. A news report.B. A book review.C. A children

24、s story.D. A diary entry.CCan a small group of drones(無(wú)人機(jī))guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions o

25、f kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correc

26、t position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs a

27、nd better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avo

28、ided with drones assisting the crews efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying ov

29、erhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their abil

30、ity to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. Drones ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing

31、drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas.9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.10. What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning.B.

32、 To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews.D. To accelerate transportation.11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DronesB. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will FaceD. How Drones Will C

33、hange the Future of RailwaysDThe Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sug

34、ar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. Howe

35、ver, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers

36、（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or

37、import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing

38、 fewer than 1m litres per year. Todays figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（設(shè)施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of g

39、reat importance, and the industry is playing its part. 12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?A. To collect money for schools.B. To improve the quality of drinks.C. To protect childrens health.D. To encourage research in education.13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?A. They turn

40、ed to overseas markets.B. They raised the prices of their products.C. They cut down on their production.D. They reduced their products sugar content.14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?A. Most alcoholic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Coke.15. What can b

41、e inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision.B. It is a success story.C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets customers.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are f

42、ive ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships. Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (聯(lián)系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. _16_. More isnt always merrierMake sure you have

43、communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. _17_. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. Practise empathy (共情)_18_. The friend who is remaining

44、needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. _19_ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology

45、 might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. Dont rely on technology alone_20_, but long-distance friendships even close ones ma

46、y require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that

47、 works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、

48、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, theres something highly exciting about _21_ someone elses glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably _22_ at hiding. They often cov

49、er only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies _23_ .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was _24_ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our _25_ research results in child developmental psychology _26_ that idea. We brought you

50、ng children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each _27_ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or _28_ . We then asked the child if she could _29_ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldnt. The same _30_ happened when the adult covered her own mout

51、h: _31_ children said that they couldnt _32_ to her. A number of _33_ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects _34_ the questions and knew _35_ what was asked of them. Their _36_ to the questions reflected their true _37_ that “

52、I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply _38_ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our _39_ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _40_ when others use it.21. A. followingB. takingC. es

53、capingD. directing22. A. cleverB. badC. scaredD. quick23. A. exposedB. examinedC. untouchedD. imbalanced24. A. supportedB. guaranteedC. imaginedD. interpreted25. A. disappointingB. mixedC. surprisingD. desired26. A. explainedB. confirmedC. contradictedD. tested27. A. parentB. childC. researcherD. do

54、ctor28. A. feetB. noseC. handsD. ears29. A. seeB. helpC. reachD. fool30. A. eventB. thingC. actionD. accident31. A. YetB. NowC. SoonD. Once32. A. speakB. listenC. turnD. wave33. A. instructionsB. descriptionsC. experimentsD. assumptions34. A. comprehendedB. predictedC. exploredD. ignored35. A. partl

55、yB. honestlyC. vaguelyD. exactly36. A. responsesB. approachesC. contributionD. sensitivity37. A. abilityB. beliefC. identityD. purpose38. A. hold backB. relate toC. insist onD. make up39. A. limitationsB. requirementsC. theoriesD. findings40. A. tentativeB. impressiveC. creativeD. effective第二節(jié)(共10小題

56、;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _41_ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate _42_ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. The

57、chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _43_ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the _44_ (large) tea-producing country, China has a _45_ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. I