主動(dòng)形式,被動(dòng)含義

1、 I.Lead-in Multiple choice: Books of this kind _ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold I found his story hard _. A. believed B. to believe C. to be believed D. being believednThe museum was well worth _ but the art exhibition didnt seem worthy _ . A. being visited; to see B. visiting; to be

2、seen C. being visited; to be visited D. visiting; seeingnKatherines eyes _with tears when she knew her mother needed _. A. was filled ; being operated on B. was filled; to operate C. filled ; operating D. filled; operating on The Active Voice with Passive Meaning具有被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)形式 n英語中，通常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)意義。 例如 (

3、 Tom invited Jack.) Jack was invited by Tomn但有時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞與（邏輯）主語明明是一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，照理應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，然而實(shí)際上用的卻是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： ( They sold the books.) The books sold quickly.這種情況非謂語動(dòng)詞也有。例如：The classroom needs cleaning.有的人把“主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義”的現(xiàn)象范圍予以擴(kuò)大，并認(rèn)為以下一組句子的第二句也屬主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：The glass was broken.The glass broke.我們認(rèn)為這種說法過于牽強(qiáng)I. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)在謂語中的表現(xiàn)n在謂

4、語中用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞有三類。A類：clean,cook, keep, read, iron, sell, let, wash, photograph, wear,lock 例句： A porcelain sink cleans easily. 瓷水槽容易清洗。（= You can easily cleaned a porcelain sink.） In such weather fresh meat wont keep long.這樣的天氣鮮肉不能長期保存。Your speech reads well.你的演講稿讀起來通順流暢。She is pretty herself. But

5、she doesnt photograph well.她本人很漂亮，但是不上照。Clothes iron more easily when damp. 衣服潮一點(diǎn)好燙。This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 這種稻米比那種煮熟得快。The cloth washes easily. 這布料容易洗。 The door doesntt lock (easily). 這門鎖不上。（不好鎖）n這類動(dòng)詞的用法有兩點(diǎn)要注意：n常與well, easily等搭配。n表示由于主語本身的內(nèi)在因素而使得情況如此。 比較： His novels sel

6、l (well). These books were quickly sold out. Johns speech reads well. Johns speech was well read.B類： cook, bake, brew(釀造)，make, print, build, fry，The dinner is cooking.The cakes are baking.The eggs are frying.Bolts are making (= being made) in that workshop.Rows upon rows of houses were building.注意：

7、這類動(dòng)詞通常與烹飪和建造相關(guān)，一般用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)C類：divide，blow, catch, wear, act, add up, worry, marry, fill, sit ,prove, improven這類詞的特點(diǎn)是：主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)都能用，意思基本一樣。例句： The text divides into three parts. = The text is divided into 3 parts. The door blew open. Her dress caught on a nail. One of the shoes wore out. = One of the shoes wa

8、s worn out.These figures havent (been) added up right. (這些數(shù)字沒加對。) He (was) worried about Toms health. The hall (was) filled with students. His English has (been) greatly improved. As late as yesterday afternoon, reporters （were）gathered at Andrews Air Force Base to board a chartered plane that was t

9、o carry news media following Clintons trip. Othello is to act (或：to be acted) tonight.II. 主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)在非謂語中的表現(xiàn)（1）動(dòng)名詞A. 在require,need,want,deserve后 He said that the little boy deserved (應(yīng)得)punishing. The letter wants answering. The TV set needs repairing.在這些詞后也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)B. 在介詞worth 后后The film is worth seei

10、ng.The book is worth reading a second time.（2）不定式A. 在某些形容詞后： easy, hard, difficult, cheap, expensive, nice, interesting, impossible, pleasant, funny, useful, important, dangerous, simple 兩個(gè)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語主語+be+adj.+to do(vt) The passage is easy to understand. =It is easy to understand the passage. The task

11、is impossible to complete. = It is impossible to complete the task.從邏輯上講，句子的主語不是發(fā)出，而是承受了不定式動(dòng)作。但不定式卻用了主動(dòng)形式。注意：表示人的心理和情感的形容詞不 適用這一句型。例如，下列各句的不定式都應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)：Tom was glad to be chosen.She was eager to be taken to her parents. 也不能改寫為It is / was + adj.+to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)。以下兩句都是錯(cuò)誤的：It was glad to choose Tom. ()It was

12、eager to take her to her parents. ()*主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)均可的情況n在fit,suitable 后 The water is not fit / suitable to drink / to be drunk. Is that story fit to tell / to be told to chidren?n在enough to和too. to結(jié)構(gòu)中 The plane tickets are too expensive to buy / to be bought these days. 及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+adj.+to do(vt)I find English

13、easy to learn.= I find it easy to learn English.Jack thought the lab necessary to build.= Jack thought it necessary to build the lab.表示人的心理和情感的形容詞同樣不適用于這一句型。下面的句子錯(cuò)誤：I find Bill annoyed to laugh at.() 怎么改？B. 在名詞后作定語例句分析： nletter為被修飾詞；nto write為不定式作定語；n在邏輯上，letter是write 的賓語，是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系。n在形式上，不定式用主動(dòng)語態(tài)又如：He wanted to find something to eat.I have a letter to write.符合以上條件的不定式并非都用主動(dòng)形式。It was the best film to be shown publicly in the cinema during the holiday.完成下列句子：He bought Joan some magazines _ (read).to readThere are still some invitations _ (send) out.t