大學(xué)英語(yǔ)講義

1、Unit One 詞匯的掌握考試大綱詞匯要求 掌握4250個(gè)單詞和500個(gè)常用詞組 復(fù)用式掌握其中的1800常用單詞和200個(gè)詞組 派生詞 試題中詞匯語(yǔ)法題占20分 The newly promoted assistant manager expressed a wish to be _ to the London branch.（2005年）A exchangedB transmittedC transferredD movedA 交換 B 傳送 C 調(diào)動(dòng) D 搬到 _ your jacket, please. The room is very warm. （2005年）A Take off

2、B Take afterC Take upD Take onA 脫掉 B 與相似 C 開始 D 呈現(xiàn) David was completely _ by his robbers disguise. （2005，天津） A take downB taken on C taken inD taken up A 寫下 B 呈現(xiàn) C 欺騙 D 占據(jù) The doctor _ me to the danger of not getting enough rest while working overtime. （2005年）A alertedB remindedC ledD persuaded A. 警

3、告 B 提醒 C 引導(dǎo) D 勸說(shuō)短語(yǔ): alert sb. to sth. 警告例句 (2005，廣東) Over a third of the population in that African country was estimated to have no _ to the health service.A. excessB. successC. processD. access A. 過(guò)度 B. 成功 C. 過(guò)程 D. 接近（機(jī)會(huì)）例句 （2005年）There is nothing _ about a native English-speaking teacher except t

4、hat he speaks Englisheasily and well. A particularB special C specificD especial重點(diǎn)詞匯講解重點(diǎn)詞匯講解易混相似詞和詞組辨析易混相似詞和詞組辨析1. access; excess; success; process access: 進(jìn)入；利用的權(quán)利（機(jī)會(huì)） excess: 過(guò)分；過(guò)度 success: 成功 process: 過(guò)程； 經(jīng)過(guò)；2. accuse; remind; inform; rob; suspect; convince用法相同的： accuse sb. of sth. 指控 remind sb.

5、of sth. 提醒 inform sb. of 通知 rob sb. of. 搶劫 suspect sb. of 懷疑. convince sb. of 讓 相信Ex: - We accused him of stealing the book. - The picture reminded me of the old days. - The teacher informed us of the meeting next week. - The man robbed the old lady of her purse. be accustomed to + 名詞名詞/Ving; be use

6、d to +名詞名詞/Ving 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于比較：比較：used to + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去常常做過(guò)去常常做3Ex: - We are accustomed to the weather here. - He is used to living in the big city now. - He used to help me when I was in trouble. - We used not to go fishing on Sunday.4. adopt; adapt; adjust; adopt: 收養(yǎng)， 采納， 采用詞組：adopt sth. 采納 adopt sb. 收養(yǎng)某人 a

7、dapt: 使適應(yīng); 改編詞組： adapt （oneself) to sth. 適應(yīng) EX: - He adopted our suggestion. (他采納了我們的建議.) - Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. （他們自己沒(méi)有孩子，所以決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)小女孩。） - The boy adapted himself to the life here. 例句 (2005年） The new immigrants found it hard to_ themselves to

8、 the climate of the country.A adoptB adaptC regulateD coordinate adjust: 調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng) 用法：adjust (oneself) to + 名詞名詞EX: - She soon adjusted herself to his way of life. 她很快使自己適應(yīng)了他的生活方式。5. advance; progress; 進(jìn)展 詞組： make progress 取得進(jìn)步 make an advance/make advances 取得進(jìn)步Ex: - We have made progress these days. -

9、He has made advances both in work and in study.6. able; capable; competent able: 做事所需的力量，技巧詞組：be able to do sth. （能夠做) capable: 滿足一般需要的能力詞組：be capable of doing sth. （能夠做) competent: 勝任的詞組：be competent to do sth. be competent for sth. 7. available; applicable; approachable; attainable available (to):

10、 可用的， 可獲得的 applicable (to): 適用的；可應(yīng)用的； approachable: 可接近的；可進(jìn)入的 attainable: 可到達(dá)的；可達(dá)成的p available: 可用的;可獲得的EX: - Breakfast is available to fishermen from 6. a.m. 從上午六點(diǎn)起漁民有早餐供應(yīng). - There are three small boats available for hire. 有三置小船可供租用.例句 （2006年） Powerful computers _ translating documents from one lan

11、guage into the other have recently been developed in Japan.A able toB available toC capable ofD liable to 例句None of the servants were _ when Mr.Smith wanted to send a message.A availableB applicableC approachableD attainable liable: 易于.的; 易患. 短語(yǔ)：be liable to do sth. 易于.的Ex: - We are liable to make m

12、istakes. 短語(yǔ): be liable to sth. 易患. Ex: - A baby is liable to diseases. 嬰兒易患疾病.8. afford的用法 與can 或could 連用；不能單獨(dú)使用p can/could afford sth. 買得起；承擔(dān)得起；Ex: - I can afford the bike. 我買得起這個(gè)自行車。p can/could afford to do sth. 承擔(dān)得起做 Ex： - How can I afford (to spend) so much money for a car? 我怎么付得起這么多錢買這部車？9. alo

13、ne, lonely alone: 副詞 單獨(dú)地； adj. 單獨(dú)的 （只作表語(yǔ)） lonely: adj. 孤單的， （作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)） Ex： - I spent a lot of time alone. - You are not alone any longer. - a lonely island 例句 I shall have a companion in the house after all these _ years. A lonelyB sole C singleD alone10. effective; efficient; efficacious effective: 有

14、效的， 有影響力的 efficient: 效率高的， 有效率的 efficacious: 有效驗(yàn)的EX： - take effective measures 采取有效措施 - effective medicine - The telephone system is highly efficient. (這個(gè)電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。） 例 句 One of the most _ ways of improvinglistening comprehension is by watchingtelevision. A specificB effective C specialD efficient例句Th

15、ey took _ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A beneficialB effectiveC fruitfulD valid effect (名詞&動(dòng)詞） 影響，結(jié)果 詞組： have an effect on sth. (對(duì) 有影響）EX： - The medicine has a good effect on me. (這種藥對(duì)我有良好的功效。） affect (動(dòng)詞）影響 - The noise from the street affected our work. （馬路上的噪音影響我們工作。） Her mind

16、 was so _ by the disease that she could not remember who she was.A influenceB acted C effectedD affected Examples: influence & effect (正面) 影響 affect (負(fù)面)影響 act 起作用;行動(dòng)- Does the drug take long to act?- In this case we acted properly and responsibly. 在這件事上我們做得恰當(dāng),而且是負(fù)責(zé)任的.11. arise; raise; rise; arouse

17、arise: 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生 raise: 使 上升； 提高； rise: 上升， 升起 arouse: 喚起； 激起；例句 （2007，北京） With oil prices keeping _, people are hesitating whether to buy a car or not.A risingB arisingC raisingD arousing raise: 增加;提高; 栽培;撫育 Ex: - raise the rent of the room 提高房租 - raise the standard of living 提高生活水準(zhǔn) - raise wheat 種小麥 -

18、 raise a child 養(yǎng)小孩 arouse: 喚起;激起Ex: - The book arouses my interest in English. (這本書引起我對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣.) - arouse anxiety/curiosity/suspicion (引起不安/好奇心/懷疑)12. reward; grant; allowance; pension; fund; reward: 酬金 grant: 助學(xué)金，獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金 allowance: 津貼，補(bǔ)貼例句 (2006年) All the British universities receive some government _ ex

19、cept Buckingham. A allowanceB grants C fundingD cooperation例句 （2005年）Life presents many barriers, and all too oftenthose who work hardest may not receive great_. A rewardsB grants C allowanceD praise 13. reward & award (動(dòng)詞)reward: 報(bào)答;答謝;獎(jiǎng)賞詞組: reward sb. with sth. - The teacher rewarded the student w

20、ith a computer. (老師獎(jiǎng)賞這個(gè)學(xué)生一臺(tái)電腦.) award: 授予;獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);獎(jiǎng)賞 用法: award sth. to sb. award sb. sth. EX: - The judges awarded the first prize to her for her picture. - The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. (評(píng)審委員把她的畫評(píng)為頭獎(jiǎng).) 14. special; specific; especial; particular special: 特別的，專門的 specific: 明確的，

21、具體的； 特定的 especial: 特別的， 尤其,格外的（文語(yǔ)詞） particular:特殊的;個(gè)別的, 挑剔的 EX: - This is the special day in the history of our country. (今天是我國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)特殊的日子.) - I want a specific explanation. (我要一個(gè)具體的解釋.) - She has an especial fondness for music. (她對(duì)音樂(lè)又特殊的偏好.) - There is nothing in the letter of particular importance.

22、 (這封信里沒(méi)有特別重要的內(nèi)容.)例句 (2006年) One of the most _ ways of improving listening comprehension is by watching television.A specificB proficientC efficientD special15. contribute; attribute; distribute; retribute； contribute to sth. 貢獻(xiàn); 導(dǎo)致 attribute to 把 歸因于 distribute sth. 分發(fā) Ex: - The design faults contri

23、bute to the tragedy. - Women tend to attribute their success to luck. -The guy distributed the leaflets and posters to passers-by. 例句 （2005年）Those who failed in the entrance examinationsare likely to _ their failures to bad luck. A contributeB attributeC distributeD retribute 以下短語(yǔ)意思: 引起;導(dǎo)致 (主語(yǔ)為原因; 賓

24、語(yǔ)為結(jié)果) result in bring about lead to give rise to causeEX: - Your carelessness will lead to failure in work. - I dont know what brought about the change in his thinking. 我不知道什么原因?qū)е滤淖兿敕?16. result from 造成 結(jié)果 Ex: - His failure in the exam resulted from his carelessness. 考試不及格是由于他的粗心造成的。 attribute to .

25、 Ex: - She attributed her failure to bad luck. 她把失敗的原因于運(yùn)氣不好。17. request; require; needrequest sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求 做require sb. to do sth. 要求 做need sb. to do sth. 需要 做MORE:request that.( 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）require that.( 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）18. persuade; dissuade; persuade sb. to do sth. 勸 做 dissuade sb. from doing sth. 勸阻Mo

26、re to learn:persuasive: 有說(shuō)服力的 - a persuasive opinion 例句 （2006年）In European universities, students arenot _ to attend classes.A requestedB persuadedC neededD required(key: D) 19. beside; besides; except beside: 在 旁邊； besides: 除 以外（還包括）； except:除 以外（不包括）；Ex：- Beside his plate is a pile of books.- She has many good qualities besides being beautiful.- I dont take any drugs except aspirin.20. except & except for除 以外（不包括）Ex:- He reads nothing e