語言學(xué)選擇判斷題

1、CHAPTER1I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:T1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.F2.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.T3.GenerallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawholeT4.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstu

2、diesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.T5.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.T6.AppliedlinguisticsistheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearningT7Competenceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageusersun

3、derlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcreteF8Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguageT9.BydiachronicstudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguageF10.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitraryF11.Thereis

4、universalagreementabouttheoriginoflanguage.F12.Petdogscanspeakhumanlanguages.F13.Allhumaninfantscanspeaksomelanguage.F14.Bycreativitywemeanthecreativeuseoflanguageasoftenpracticedbypoets.F15.Withdifferentculturestherewillbedifferentlanguages.T16.Notallusesoflanguagearemeanttoconveynewinformation.III

5、.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.1. Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobeA. prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic2. Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?A.ArbitrarinessB.Displa

6、cementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness3. Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable4. Thefunctionofthesentence“waterboilat100degreescentigrade”AinterrogativeBdirectiveCinformativeDperformative5. Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisastudyoflanguage.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.p

7、rescriptiveD.comparative6. Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsforhuman.AcontactBcommunicationCrelationDcommunity7. LanguagesisAinstinctiveBnon-instinctiveCstaticDgeneticallytransmitted8. AlinguistregardsthechangeinlanguageandlanguageuseasAunnaturalBsomethingtobefearedCnaturalDabnormal9. Whichof

8、thefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitraryAtreeBcrashCtypewriterDbang10. Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,becauseA. inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowritingB. speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C. speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativesp

9、eakeracquireshismothertongueD. AlloftheaboveCHAPTER2I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:T1.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.F2.Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobeincomplemen

10、tarydistribution.F3.Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning.F4.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot.T5.Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting.T6.Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.F7.Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethe

11、physicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph.F8.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:thethroat,themouthandthechest.T9.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing.F10.Englishconsonantscanbecl

12、assifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest.F11.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbeclassifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar.T12.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopen

13、nessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels.F13.Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosevowels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels.F14.Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme.F15.Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning.F16.Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthes

14、oundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories.T17.Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemesofalanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning.F18.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccon

15、trast.T19.Therulesgoverningthephonologicalpatterningarelanguagespecific.T20.Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachofthestatementsbelow.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:35 Ofallthespeechorgans,theis/

16、arethemostflexible.A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords36 Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingaresounds.A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantal37 isavoicedalveolarstop.A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/38 Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copyiqnugen”tialafeatureofasephoneme,thusmakingthetw

17、ophones.A.identicalB.sameC.exactlyalikeD.similar39 Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe.A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistributionC. the allophonesD. minimal pair40 Thesound/f/is.A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarsto

18、pC.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative41. Avowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle42. Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthe

19、segmentsarecalled.A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituentsC.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures43. A(n)isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme44Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneti

20、cenvironmentsarecalledtheofthatphoneme.A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophonesCHAPTER3I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:T1.Morphologystudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.F2.Wordsarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.T3.Justasaphonemeisthebasicuni

21、tinthestudyofphonology,soisamorphemethebasicunitinthestudyofmorphology.T4.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitsthatcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselvesarefreemorphemes.T5.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:rootsandaffixes.T6.Inflectionalmorphemesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense

22、,degree,andcase.T7.Theexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeaddediscalledastem,whichcanbeaboundroot,afreemorpheme,oraderivedformitself.F8.Prefixesusuallymodifythepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,notthemeaningofit.F9.Therearerulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeaddedtowhattypeofstemtoformanewword.Therefore

23、,wordsformedaccordingtothemorphologicalrulesareacceptablewords.T10.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:21. Themorpheme“vision”inthecommonw

24、ord“television”isa(n).A.boundmorphemeB.boundformC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme22. Thecompoundword“bookstore”istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompound.A. isthesumtotalofthemeaningofitscomponentsB. canalwaysbeworkedoutbylookingatthemeaningsofmorphemesC. isthesameasthemea

25、ningofafreephrase.D. Noneoftheabove.23. Thepartofspeechofthecompoundsisgenerallydeterminedbythepartofspeechof.A. thefirstelementB. thesecondelementC. eitherthefirstorthesecondelementD. boththefirstandthesecondelements.24. arethosethatcannotbeusedindependentlybuthavetobecombinedwithothermorphemes,eit

26、herfreeorbound,toformaword.A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.BoundwordsD.Words25. isabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme26. Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis.A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semant

27、ic27. Boundmorphemesarethosethat.A. havetobeusedindependentlyB. cannotbecombinedwithothermorphemesC. caneitherbefreeorboundD. havetobecombinedwithothermorphemes.28. modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.A.PrefixesB.SuffixesC.RootsD.Affixes29. areoftenthought

28、tobethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguagebythelinguists.A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences30. -“s”intheword“books”is.A.aderivativeaffixB.astemC.aninflectionalaffixD.arootCHAPTER4I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse:T1.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticrules

29、.T2.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.F3.AnendocentricconstructionisalsoknownasheadedconstructionbecauseithasjustoneheadT4.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammati

30、calitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.F5.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,fourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.T6.Numberandgenderarecategoriesofnounandpronoun.T7.WordorderplaysanimportantroleintheorganizationofEnglishsente

31、nces.T8.LikeEnglish,modernChineseisaSVOlanguage.T9.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.T10.Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.III.Therearefourgivenchoicesforeachstatementbelow.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:1Theheadofthe

32、phrase“thecityRome”isAthecityBRomeCcityDthecityandRome2. Aintheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A.coordinatorB.particleC.PrepositionD.subordinator3Phrasestructureruleshaveproperties.A.recursiveB.grammaticalC.socialD.functional4 .Phrasestructurerulesallowustobe

33、tterunderstand.A. howwordsandphrasesformsentences.B. whatconstitutesthegrammaticalityofstringsofwordsC. howpeopleproduceandrecognizepossiblesentencesD. Alloftheabove.5 Thephrase“onthehalf”belongstoconstructionAendocentricBexocentricCsubordinateDcoordinate6 .Thetheoryofcaseconditionaccountsforthefact

34、that.A. nounphrasesappearonlyinsubjectandobjectpositions.B. nounphrasescanbeusedtomodifyanothernounphraseC. nounphrasecanbeusedinadverbialpositionsD. nounphrasecanbemovedtoanyplaceifnecessary.Thesentencestructureis.A.onlylinearB.OnlyhierarchicalC.compelD.bothlinearandhierarchical8. Thesyntacticrules

35、ofanylanguageareinnumber.A.largeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite9. Therulesaretherulesthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.A.lexicalB.morphologicalC.linguisticD.combinational10Thesentence“Theywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoexposethemselves”isasentenceAsimpleBcoordinateCcompoundDcomplexCHAPTER

36、539. Interrogativeandimperative(祈使)sentencesdonothavetruthvalue.T40. Componentialanalysisisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcannotbedissected(切分)intomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeature.F(canbe)41. Onemeritofcomponentialanalysisisthatbyspecifyingthesemanticfeaturesofcertainwords,itwillbepossi

37、bletoshowhowthesewordsarerelatedinmeaning.T42.Hyponymyisamatterofclassmembership,soitisthesameasmeronymy.F(Meronymyisatermusedtodescribeapart-wholerelationship.)43. Twosentencesusingthesamewordsmaymeanquitedifferently.T44. Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituati

38、onswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.F45. Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.T46. Conceptualistsmaintainthatthereisno

39、directlinkbetweenlinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.ThisviewcanbeseenbytheSemantictriangle.T47. Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.T48. Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.T49. Themeaningofasent

40、enceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.F50. Mostlanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeofformality.T51. “itishot.-”plaicseapnreodicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.T52. Ingrammaticalanalysis,thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit,butinsemantica

41、nalysisofasentence,thebasicunitispredication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.TCHAPTER61. DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:F1.BothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunicationF2.Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassom

42、ethingintrinsicandinherent.T3.Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.T4.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.F5.Themajordifferencebetweenasentenceandanutteranceisthatasen

43、tenceisnotutteredwhileanutteranceis.F6.Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.F7.Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontexualized,thereforestable.F8.Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences9.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.10.Speechacttheorystartedinthelat

44、e50softhe20thcentury.11.12.Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speakers intention.Austinmadethedistinctionbetweenaconstativeandaperformative.III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:25.doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.A. Pragma

45、ticsB. SemanticsC. Sense relationD. Concept26. The meaning of language was considered as somethingin traditional semantics.A. contextualB. behaviouristicC. intrinsicD. logical27. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningis considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. practical usageD. context28. A sentence is aconcept, and the meaning of a sentence is