設計驗證和生產確認[福特FORD]

1、Systems EngineeringFundamentals系統(tǒng)工程基本原理系統(tǒng)工程基本原理Parameter Design參數設計參數設計ToleranceDesign公差設計公差設計Global 8D全球全球8DFMEA失效模式后果與分析失效模式后果與分析ExperimentalDesign實驗設計實驗設計Reliability可靠性可靠性Applied Consumer Focus應用顧客的關注應用顧客的關注DV & PV設計驗證設計驗證&生產確認生產確認Statistical Engineering統(tǒng)計工程學統(tǒng)計工程學Course Structure課程結構Intro

2、duction to DV & PV對設計驗證及生產確認的介紹Tools for DV & PV設計驗證及生產確認的工具Vehicle Level DV整車級別的設計驗證System/Sub-System Level DV系統(tǒng)/子系統(tǒng)級別的設計驗證Component Level DV零部件級別的設計驗證System/Sub-System Level PV系統(tǒng)/子系統(tǒng)級別的生產確認Component Level PV零部件級別的生產確認Summary總結Design Verification and Production Validation設計驗證和生產確認Benefit to

3、 Ford Motor Company對福特汽車公司的益處Design Verification and Production Validation設計驗證和生產確認Design Verification: 設計驗證as designed, a product will function in the manner that the customer expects. 根據設計狀態(tài)，一個產品的功能要符合顧客所期望的方式。Production Validation: 生產確認as manufactured, a product functions in the manner that the c

4、ustomer expects and can be manufactured at required volumes. 根據制造狀態(tài)，一個產品的功能要符合顧客所期望的方式，而且能以所要求的產量進行生產。DV&PV Within Systems Engineering系統(tǒng)工程內的DV&PVVerification and Systemic Thinking驗證和系統(tǒng)思想Customer Wants顧客的需要顧客的需要Engineering Targets工程目標工程目標Design Verification設計驗證設計驗證Requirements Cascade需求逐級傳遞Wo

5、rking in a Systems Engineering context supports systemic thinking.系統(tǒng)工程中的工作支持系統(tǒng)的考慮 Opposite of Traditional approach to engineering. 與傳統(tǒng)的工程方法相反Systems “V” Model系統(tǒng)V模型DV&PV is a requirements driven processDV和PV 是一個需求驅動的過程DV&PV is best conducted in a systems engineering context through the system

6、s V. DV和PV在貫穿系統(tǒng)V模型的系統(tǒng)工程中得到最好的實施。 VehicleSystemSub-SystemComponentDefining Requirements定義需求The requirements cascade down the left side. 需求的逐級傳遞如左側The cascade is an iterative process. 該逐級傳遞是一反復的過程 VehicleSystemSub-SystemComponentITERATIVE PLANNINGTop Down由上到下由上到下Verification Bottom-up驗證自下至上Verificatio

7、n testing is implemented as a bottom-up sequential process. 驗證試驗是按照自下至上的順序過程執(zhí)行的Verification may include a combination of Analytical and physical tests.驗證可能包括分析試驗和物理試驗的組合。 VehicleSystemSub-SystemComponentITERATIVE PLANNINGTop Down自上至下自上至下Bottom Up自下至上自下至上SEQUENTIAL DOING反復計劃工作順序DV & PV and PDSAPl

8、anPlanPlan Plan計劃計劃 Do, Study, Act 做，研究，行動做，研究，行動 Do, Study, ActDo, Study, ActDo, Study, ActVehicle整車整車System系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)Sub-System子系統(tǒng)子系統(tǒng)Component零部件零部件Lower Level Interactions較低級別的相互作用Systems Approach to Manufacturing進行制造的系統(tǒng)方法VehicleSystemSub-SystemComponentPlantAssemblyOperationMachineVehicle整車整車System系統(tǒng)系

9、統(tǒng)Sub-System子系統(tǒng)子系統(tǒng)Component零部件零部件ManufacturingDesignPlant 工廠工廠Assembly 裝配裝配Operation 操作操作Machine機器機器設計設計制制 造造Note - S5/P5 TimingFPDS TimingFPDS時間Vehicle level,System level& Sub-sys level1DVP Created生成整車，系統(tǒng)&子系統(tǒng)的DVPSub-sys level 2& ComponentDVP Created生成子系統(tǒng)級別2&零部件DVPFull DVP CreatedReqt

10、s & Targets Frozen生成完整的生成完整的DVP需求需求&目標凍結目標凍結Component testing complete零部件試驗完成Sub-system and System testing complete子系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)試驗完成Vehicle testing mostly complete:Prelim Eng Sign Off整車試驗大部分完成：工程預簽發(fā)Vehicle testing complete:Final Eng Sign Off整車試驗完成：最整車試驗完成：最終工程簽發(fā)終工程簽發(fā)DVP completeDVP完成完成Design “V” an

11、d FPDS TimingDV&PV設計V形圖及FPDS時間的DV&PVLow低低High高高ActivityLevel活動級別活動級別Time時間時間= Design Verification設計驗證設計驗證= Production & Process Validation生產生產&過程確認過程確認SISCPAPRCPLRJ1DV & PV and FPDSDV & PV are key requirements for sign off of a vehicle programDV和PV對于汽車項目的簽發(fā)來說是關鍵的需求Key Sign of

12、f milestones are:關鍵簽發(fā)節(jié)點是：(CC) DV(LR) PV(LS) PVInputs Used in the Verification and Validation Processes在驗證和確認過程中使用的輸入DV Plan設計驗證設計驗證計劃計劃SDS RequirementsSDS的需求的需求LegalRequirements法規(guī)要求法規(guī)要求EngineeringSpecifications工程技術規(guī)范工程技術規(guī)范Concept and Design FMEAs概念和設計概念和設計FMEAReal World Usage Profile真正的顧客使用狀況真正的顧客使用

13、狀況P-DiagramP圖圖Existing DVPs現有的現有的DVPGeneric DVMs一般一般DVMHistorical 8Ds歷史上歷史上8DKey Life Tests關鍵壽命試驗關鍵壽命試驗DV&PV as Part of the Product Creation Process DV 和PV作為產品創(chuàng)造過程的部分DV and PV confirm that Components and system robustly meet customer requirementsDV和PV確認零部件和系統(tǒng)殷實可靠地符合顧客的需求。DV & PV testing is n

14、ot exploratoryDV和PV試驗不是探險Testing should be against expected results not to find out “what happens if”試驗應該是針對所預測的結果而不是去發(fā)現“如果會怎樣”DV&PV comes after the design phase not during the design phaseDV 和PV 要在設計以后而不是在設計階段中進行Introduction of the FEAD ExampleFEAD舉例介紹FEAD ExampleFEAD范例A single system the FEAD

15、(Front End Accessory Drive) will be used to demonstrate DV & PV使用一個單獨的系統(tǒng)FEAD（前端附件驅動）來示范DV&PVThe Front End Accessory Drive (FEAD) How It WorksFEAD-它如何工作The source of power in the vehicle is the engine. 汽車內動力的來源是發(fā)動機Part of the rotational power output from the engine needs to be transmitted to

16、the FEAD accessories. 來自發(fā)動機轉動動力輸出的一部分需要被傳輸到FEAD附件上。The FEAD transmits this energyFEAD傳輸該能量Design Verification at All Levels所有級別上的設計驗證Design Verification should occur at all levels with the emphasis being at the lower levels. 設計驗證應該重點放在較低級別的情況下在所有級別上進行。Production Validation生產確認It is important to veri

17、fy the design 驗證設計是重要的It is equally important to validate that the production process used to manufacture the belt is able to produce belts to the design specification. 確認制造皮帶所使用的生產過程能夠生產出符合設計規(guī)范的皮帶同等地重要。For example, the belt as manufactured must be able to transmit the required amount of torque.例如，所

18、制造的皮帶必須能轉送所要求大小的扭矩。Confirming Robust and Reliable Design Robustness確認殷實及可靠的設計-殷實可靠性Methods Used in Efficient and Effective Verification在有效且高效的驗證中使用的方法Some of the important methods used in efficient and effective verification and validation processes are 在有效且高效的驗證和確認過程中所使用的一些重要方法是Robust Engineering D

19、esign Philosophy (RED)殷實的工程設計基本定律Ford Design Verification System (FDVS)福特設計驗證體系Testing Methodologies,試驗方法學Real World Usage Profiles and Duty Cycles真正全球顧客使用的概況和工況Accelerated Tests, 加速試驗Key Life Tests (KLT), 關鍵壽命試驗Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)計算機輔助工程Design of Experiment (DoE).實驗設計Robust Engineering

20、 Design(RED)殷實的工程設計Robust Test Plans殷實可靠的試驗計劃Robust test plans in DV&PV incorporate Noise factors and their effects in order to ensure that the product will meet its design intent under all conditions. Noise factors can be grouped into five categories: 為了確保該產品在所有條件下都符合其設計意圖，DV和PV中殷實的試驗計劃合并了干擾因素及

21、其他們的影響。干擾因素可以分成5類：Piece-to-Piece Variation 件與件間的變差Changes Over Time 隨著時間過去的變化Customer Usage 顧客的使用External Environment 外部環(huán)境System Interactions 系統(tǒng)間的交互作用Noise Factor Management干擾因素的管理Test/TechnologyChange試驗/技術更改Robust Designby ParameterDesign通過參數設計的牢靠設計Robust Designby IncreasedStrength通過增加強度的牢靠的設計Remov

22、e orReduce Noise去除或減小干擾CompensationDevice補償裝置Disguise theProblem隱蔽問題InternalEnvironment(SystemInteractions)內部環(huán)境（系統(tǒng)交互作YesYesYesSystemFMEAYesSystemFMEAExternalEnvironment(Climate/RoadConditions)外部環(huán)境（氣候/路況）YesYesYesNoPiece to PieceVariation件與件間的差異YesYesYesSPCChanges Over Time(Wear Out)隨著時間產生的變化（磨損）YesY

23、esMaterialsEngineeringYesSystemFMEACustomer Usage顧客使用YesYesYesNoRobust Engineering Design殷實可靠的工程設計Robust Engineering Design (RED) is primarily a design tool殷實的工程設計主要是一種設計工具RED must be considered in DV&PV as RED will drive the type of DV&PV tests that need to be undertaken 在DV和PV中必須考慮到RED，因為R

24、ED將決定需要采取的DV&PV試驗的類型。RED focuses on identification and management of noise factorsRED著重于干擾因素的識別和管理Robust Engineering Design殷實可靠的工程設計RED is inherent in the systems V and runs through all phases of the VRED是系統(tǒng)V內固有的，并且貫穿系統(tǒng)V的所有階段RED is a team based processRED是以小組為基礎的過程RED applies throughout Ford (De

25、sign and Manufacturing) and at suppliersRED應用于整個福特（設計和制造）以及供應商。Applying RED應用REDRED allows testing at the lowest possible levelRED允許在最低可能性級別進行測試Caution must be used必須使用警示Red Applied to Vehicle Level Testing Red應用于整車級別的測試RED Applied at Sub-System LevelRED應用于子系統(tǒng)級別When developing Design Verification Me

26、thods at the system/sub-system or component level, it is important to ensure that the effects of System Interaction Noise factors that are present in the total vehicle environment are included.當開發(fā)系統(tǒng)/子系統(tǒng)或零部件級別的設計驗證方法時，重要的是確保要包括整個汽車環(huán)境中出現的系統(tǒng)交互作用干擾因素的影響。RED Applied at Component LevelRED應用于零部件級別At the co

27、mponent level testing is most efficent but interactions with other components are lost零部件級別的試驗是最有效的，但失去了與其他零件的交互作用Test plans must compensate for this loss by reproducing the key stresses from the interactions試驗計劃必須通過再制造來自交互作用的關鍵應力彌補這一損失Much component testing may be done at suppliers.許多零部件試驗可能在供應商處進行

28、。Suppliers must apply the same RED methodolgies供應商必須應用相同的RED方法To support this, Ford engineers need to cascade noise factors to the supplier為了支持這個，福特工程師需要逐層傳遞干擾因素直到供應商RED in the Design Process設計過程中的RED Noise Factors干擾因素Piece to Piece件與件件與件Aging/Wear老化老化/磨損磨損Customer Usage顧客使用顧客使用Environment環(huán)境環(huán)境Subsys

29、tem Interaction子系統(tǒng)交互作用子系統(tǒng)交互作用Sources that disrupt idealfunction that can not be controlled (e.g. column friction)不可控制的，破壞理想功能的來源（例如.轉向柱磨擦）P-DiagramReliability Checklist 可靠性檢查清單Reliability/RobustnessDemonstration Matrix 可靠性/殷實可靠性實證矩陣圖Signal信號Energy put intothe systems tomake it work(e.g. Steeringwhee

30、l angle)能量進入系統(tǒng)使其工作（例如.方向盤轉角）Control FactorsFeatures of the designthat can be controlled(e.g. Torsion bar rate)控制因素可以控制的設計特性（例如.扭桿比率）ErrorStates異常狀態(tài)Undesirable outputor Failure Modes(e.g. Tire slip)不需要的輸出或失效模式（例如.輪胎打滑）Error States異常狀態(tài) NoiseFactors干擾因素 AvailableTests有用的試驗DVP&RTest試驗CriticalNoiseFa

31、ctors關鍵干擾因素Failure mode totest traceability失效模式試驗可追查性 Noise FactorsManagement StrategySystem(Steering System)系統(tǒng)（轉向系統(tǒng)）IdealFunction理想功能Primary intendedfunction of the design設計的主要意圖功能(e.g. Lateral accelerationof vehicle)（例如.車輛的橫向加速度）FMEASDSWCRDOE(if necessary如果有必要)KLTWCRFailureMode失效模式DemonstratedResu

32、lt論證的結果In scope范圍內FDVSFDVSPrevention of Mistake Reoccurrence錯誤再次發(fā)生的預防Campaign Prevent 防召回Lessons Learned 吸取的教訓Vigilance 警惕. . .干擾因素管理策略Ford Design Verification System福特設計驗證系統(tǒng)Ford Design Verification System FDVS福特設計驗證系統(tǒng)-FDVSFDVS is a computer based system to create and manage requirements driven DV p

33、lans.FDVS是一計算機為基礎的系統(tǒng)，生成并管理驅動DV計劃的需求。FDVS includes a number of generic requirements and Design Verification Methods (DVMs)FDVS包括許多一般需求和設計驗證方面（DVM）安全法規(guī)安全法規(guī)法人的要求法人的要求技術規(guī)范技術規(guī)范設計驗證方法設計驗證方法整車要求整車要求（項目專有）（項目專有）項目專有的設項目專有的設計驗證計劃計驗證計劃系統(tǒng)要求系統(tǒng)要求（項目專有）（項目專有）DVM（項目專有）項目專有）Design Verification Method設計驗證方法Within FD

34、VS requirements are verified using Design Verification Methods (DVMs)在FDVS內，使用設計驗證方法（DVM）驗證需求DVMs contain all the information required to conduct testing and record resultsDVM包括所有要求試驗和記錄結果的信息Existing and Generic DVMs can be used as a starting point to develop program DMVs, but they must be reviewed現

35、有的和一般的DVM能作為一個開始點用以開發(fā)項目的DMV，但是它們必須進行審核Testing Methodologies試驗方法學Types of Test試驗的類型There are three general types of testing that can be implemented for either Design Verification or Production Validation: 有三種可以在設計驗證或生產確認中實施的一般試驗類型Testing to Bogey 標準測試Testing to Failure 測試至失效Testing Functional Degrada

36、tion 測試功能退化Test to BogeyMinimum Acceptable Function最小可接受功能最小可接受功能Function功能功能Time/Cycles/Miles時間時間/循環(huán)循環(huán)/里程里程Bogey失效柱狀圖失效柱狀圖Test to Failure測試至失效Failure Time DistributionMinimum Acceptable Function最小可接受功能最小可接受功能Function功能功能Time/Cycles/Miles時間時間/循環(huán)循環(huán)/里程里程失效時間分布圖失效時間分布圖Degradation Testing退化測試Minimum Acc

37、eptable Function最小可接受功能最小可接受功能Function功能功能Time/Cycles/Miles時間時間/循環(huán)循環(huán)/里程里程BogeyComplete DegradationHistoryExample: Functional Degradation of Three Design Alternatives范例：三種設計方案的功能退化CBATest Level Comparison測試水平比較Bogey標準Failure 失效Information Quality信息質量信息質量Cost成本成本Higher較高較高Lower較低較低Higher較高較高Lower較低較低D

38、egradation 退化Test Precision測試精度失效概率失效概率Statistical confidence for a given reliability estimate is the probability that the true reliability of the population is equal to or greater than the estimate.對于特定的可靠性預測，統(tǒng)計可信度是一種總體真實可靠性等于或大于預測情況的概率Large Sample大樣本大樣本Reduced Sample減少的樣本減少的樣本Min: 1 sample/failure

39、 mode最?。?個樣本/失效模式Severity/Acceleration of key noises in tests試驗中關鍵干擾的嚴重度試驗中關鍵干擾的嚴重度/加速加速Knowledge of prior perform-ance under similar conditions相似條件下優(yōu)先性相似條件下優(yōu)先性能的知識能的知識Normal通常通常High高高High高高Low低低FailureSeverity & Occurrence失效嚴重度失效嚴重度&發(fā)生發(fā)生Test Level測試水平測試水平BogeyFailureDegradationReal World Us

40、age Profiles真正顧客使用概況Types of Customer Usage顧客使用的類型Normal use一般使用Misuse誤用Abuse ?濫用？濫用？Normal Use一般使用Misuse誤用Abuse濫用Data Sources數據來源Yourself自身自身Instrumentation儀器儀器Existing Data現有數據現有數據Observation觀察觀察Actual Customer Usage真正顧客使用5% Total95th Percentile use95th 百分點使用 Core Target Customer(Marketing) 核心目標顧客

41、（市場）Stress受力狀態(tài)受力狀態(tài)Europe歐洲歐洲Usage Profile and Customer Duty Cycle使用概況及顧客工況Usage Profile使用概況使用概況Duty Cycle工況工況How often the customer opens a window顧客開啟窗戶的頻次如何Number of switch activations or motor running times for the window motor 開關的次數或窗戶電機運轉次數Climate or outside temperature ranges in which the vehic

42、le operates車輛運轉時的氣候或外界溫度的范圍Air conditioning system frequency of operation and load空調系統(tǒng)的運轉頻次和負荷Duty Cycle Example工況范例同步齒形帶發(fā)動機工況同步齒形帶發(fā)動機工況綠線：一般顧客綠線：一般顧客紅線：苛刻顧客紅線：苛刻顧客注：皮帶負荷在低轉注：皮帶負荷在低轉 速時更苛刻速時更苛刻Accelerated Testing加速測試Accelerated Testing加速測試Purpose:目的:Accumulate product stress history in a short perio

43、d of time 在短時間內累積產品應力史Shorten verification time & reduce development costs縮短驗證時間&減少開發(fā)成本Accelerated Testing Methods加速測試方法Load Frequency over a Specified Test Procedure 在指定的試驗規(guī)程上加大加載頻次在指定的試驗規(guī)程上加大加載頻次010020030040030%60%100%Percent Frequency of Occurrence發(fā)生頻次的百分比發(fā)生頻次的百分比Load載荷載荷Normal Load正常負載正常

44、負載Increased Load加大負載加大負載Define Accelerated Test based on this portion of procedure with increased loads50 mph Freeway 50 mph高速公路高速公路Climbing hill in 1st gear一檔爬山一檔爬山以加大的載荷在這部分試驗規(guī)程的基礎上定以加大的載荷在這部分試驗規(guī)程的基礎上定義加速測試義加速測試Accelerated Testing Cautions加速測試警示Correlate acceleration to real world deterioration使其加

45、速形式與真正顧客使用的退化情況相關聯(lián)Prevent unrepresentative failure modes預防不具備代表性的失效模式Not all failure modes can be accelerated不是所有的失效模式都可以加速的Key Life Tests關鍵壽命試驗Key Life Tests關鍵壽命試驗Key Life Tests focus on the key stress(es) which drive loss of function and/or failure mechanisms associated with real world usage.關鍵壽命試

46、驗著重于會促使真正顧客使用相關的功能損失關鍵壽命試驗著重于會促使真正顧客使用相關的功能損失和和/或失效機理的關鍵應力或失效機理的關鍵應力Key Life Tests關鍵壽命試驗A Key Life Test: 一個關鍵壽命試驗Is based on the RWUP 是以RWUP為基礎的Provides a tool to evaluate product reliability 提供了一個工具以評估產品的可靠性Allows comparison of designs with benchmarked competitive products so that the best design c

47、an be identified 使其與競爭產品進行設計的比較，從而可以確定最佳設計Validates models and assumptions in the design process 在設計過程中確認模型和設想Validates the design 確認設計Key Life Tests關鍵壽命試驗IS是是IS Not否否Reliability and Robustness Demonstration Matrix可靠性和殷實可靠性實證矩陣圖Reliability and Robustness Demonstration Matrix可靠性和殷實可靠性實證矩陣圖Reliability

48、 and Robustness Demonstration Matrix (RRDM) captures and displays the key verification methods and all Critical Noise factors. RRDM吸取并顯示了關鍵驗證方法以及所有的關鍵干擾因素。Self Assessment自我評估Vehicle Level DV & PV整車級別的DV&PVVerification and Validation of Vehicle level requirements整車級別的驗證和確認的要求Illustrated with

49、an example around a real world problem Transit FEAD穿插了一個真實問題的范例Transit FEADProblem問題Customers were experiencing problems after washing their vehicles or driving through water顧客在洗車或開車涉水后出現問題Global 8D全球8DA Global 8D was conducted on the van jet spray washing problem that was looked at earlier and the

50、root cause was identified as belt slip. 采取了全球8D方式來處理剛才看到的噴霧式洗車的問題，確定根本原因為皮帶打滑。Applying RED應用REDHaving developed a fix for the problem the team needed to verify the change針對問題制定出解決方案，該小組需要驗證其更改Verification is a key part of the 8D process, just as it is for the PDP驗證是8D過程中的一個關鍵部分，就象其相對于PDP一樣。To do thi

51、s they need to apply RED principles to the verification為了進行該工作，他們需要把RED的原理應用到驗證上。Verifying Robustness驗證殷實可靠性Existing verification methods used as a starting point使用現有的驗證方法作為起點From studying the data, the team new that the existing DVMs were insufficient通過研究該數據，小組發(fā)現現有的DVM還不充分New DVMs must include RED

52、considerations新的DVM必須包括RED需要考慮的事項Revised DVM修正的DVMThe DVMs were then modified. 于是對DVM進行修改FEAD子系統(tǒng)設計驗證方法子系統(tǒng)設計驗證方法目標：目標：驗證驗證FEAD系統(tǒng)存有水時性能的殷實可靠性系統(tǒng)存有水時性能的殷實可靠性試驗描述：在試驗描述：在10kph至至50kph之間每次增加之間每次增加5kph的車速，開車通過的車速，開車通過25，50，75以及以及100mm深的水洼深的水洼可測量的可測量的/觀察：曲軸皮帶輪和附件皮帶輪之觀察：曲軸皮帶輪和附件皮帶輪之間的差速間的差速驗收標準：差速小于驗收標準：差速小于5

53、%需要的資源及試驗設備：水洼，在已知的曲軸需要的資源及試驗設備：水洼，在已知的曲軸/發(fā)動機轉速下對附件皮帶輪轉速的整車評估發(fā)動機轉速下對附件皮帶輪轉速的整車評估Planning and Implementing Verification and Validation計劃并實施驗證和確認Planning occurs down the V plan the vehicle level first沿著V形方式向下作計劃首先計劃整車級別Verification and Validation occurs up the V Verify and Validate the vehicle last沿著V

54、形方式向上進行驗證和確認最后驗證和確認整車Global 8D and DV&PV全球8D和DV&PVGlobal 8D studies on previous similar products or processes help identify potential error states對以前相似產品或過程的全球8D研究幫助識別潛在的異常狀態(tài)This is an important input to the design of verification methods for a new product or manufacturing process. 對于一個新產品或制

55、造過程，這是驗證方法設計中的一個重要的輸入Verification methods must demonstrate that these error states do not recur in the new product or process. 驗證方法必須證明這些異常狀態(tài)不會在新的產品和過程中再次發(fā)生。Self Assessment自 評FEAD Sub-SystemFEAD子系統(tǒng)A FEAD system is to be developed for a new vehicle program 為一新車項目開發(fā)一個FEAD系統(tǒng)Sub-System Level Design Veri

56、fication子系統(tǒng)級別設計驗證Form a cross functional team:組成一個交叉功能的小組Design設計Testing試驗Manufacturing制造Supplier供應商CAEQuality質量Reliability可靠性Aim to verify at the lowest possible level on the V瞄準V模形最低可能級別上進行驗證FEAD Design Verification PlanFEAD設計驗證計劃DV PlanDV計劃計劃SDS RequirementsSDS要求要求LegalRequirements法規(guī)要求法規(guī)要求Enginee

57、ringSpecifications工程技術規(guī)范工程技術規(guī)范Concept and Design FMEAs概念和設計概念和設計FMEAReal World Usage Profile真實顧客使用概況真實顧客使用概況P-DiagramP 圖圖Existing DVPs現有現有DVPGeneric DVMs一般一般DVMHistorical 8Ds歷史上的歷史上的8DKey Life Tests關鍵壽命試驗關鍵壽命試驗FEAD Function and OperationFEAD功能和運行Ideal function of the FEAD is to transfer torque to th

58、e accessoriesFEAD的理想功能是把扭矩傳遞給附件Irregularity in rotation is a key noise旋轉不規(guī)則是一個關鍵的干擾The tensioner compensates for the noise張緊輪對該干擾進行補償The correct functioning of the tensioner is a priority for the FEAD team張緊輪的正確機能對于前端驅動附件組是最首要的。Customer Requirements顧客需求FEAD SDS Requirement FEAD SDS 要求Belt span vibra

59、tion does not exceed 10% of belt span and meets system clearance requirements to other components. Maximum tensioner amplitude leaves 10% of total travel clear to end stop in both directions. 相帶寬度振動不超過相帶寬度的10%，要符合與其它零部件間的系統(tǒng)間隙要求。最大張緊輪振幅要與兩端止點留有總行程10%的間隙余量。A DVM is required to verify this requirement

60、需要DVM來驗證這一要求Existing DV Test現有的DV試驗There is an existing DVM for the requirement對該要求有一現有的DVMThe team need to assess if this DVM is appropriate小組需要評估該DVM是否合適RED in Sub-System DV子系統(tǒng)DV中的REDSystem and Sub-System level DVMs must include consideration of noises系統(tǒng)和子系統(tǒng)級別的DVM必須包括干擾需要考慮的事項In the FEAD example excessive belt vibration was identified as a critical error state.在FEAD的范例中，過多的皮帶振動被認為是一個關鍵的異常狀態(tài)The DVM was assessed to be inadequate for this