一個(gè)人的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的句子：男人心虛的反應(yīng)常有兩種

1、l結(jié)構(gòu)化軟件開發(fā)結(jié)構(gòu)化軟件開發(fā)l面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)l專家系統(tǒng)軟件開發(fā)專家系統(tǒng)軟件開發(fā)http:/ 從運(yùn)行控制方面看結(jié)構(gòu)化軟件采用順序處理方式，由過(guò)程驅(qū)動(dòng)控制；面向?qū)ο筌浖捎媒换ナ?、并行處理方式，由消息?qū)動(dòng)控制；專家系統(tǒng)軟件采用交互式、并行處理方式，由數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)控制。l從開發(fā)方面看從開發(fā)方面看結(jié)構(gòu)化方法的工作重點(diǎn)是設(shè)計(jì)；面向?qū)ο蠓椒ǖ墓ぷ髦攸c(diǎn)是分析；專家系統(tǒng)方法的工作重點(diǎn)是知識(shí)的獲取與表達(dá)。但是，在結(jié)構(gòu)化方法中，分析階段和設(shè)計(jì)階段采用了不相吻合的表達(dá)方式，需要把在分析階段采用的具有網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征的數(shù)據(jù)流圖轉(zhuǎn)換為設(shè)計(jì)階段采用的具有分層特征的結(jié)構(gòu)圖，在面向?qū)ο蠓椒ㄖ袆t不存在這一問(wèn)題。各種方法

2、特點(diǎn)比較(Cont.)l從應(yīng)用方面看結(jié)構(gòu)化方法更加適合數(shù)據(jù)類型比較簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)值計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)管理軟件的開發(fā)；面向?qū)ο蠓椒ǜ舆m合大型復(fù)雜的人機(jī)交互式軟件和數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)管理軟件的開發(fā)；專家系統(tǒng)方法更加適合邏輯推理型軟件的開發(fā)。l從發(fā)展方面看面向?qū)ο蠓椒ㄊ擒浖_發(fā)方法的發(fā)展方向。結(jié)構(gòu)化軟件開發(fā)結(jié)構(gòu)化軟件開發(fā) 分析：?jiǎn)栴}是什么 設(shè)計(jì)：怎樣解決 實(shí)現(xiàn)：解決分析 確定數(shù)據(jù)流圖(DFD) 建立結(jié)構(gòu)圖(SC) 過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì) 分析確定實(shí)體聯(lián)系圖(ERD) 建立關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模式(RM) 編碼調(diào)試 運(yùn)行維護(hù)閱讀l關(guān)于結(jié)構(gòu)化軟件開發(fā)，請(qǐng)閱讀軟件工程實(shí)踐者的研究方法（Software Engineering-A Practitio

3、ners Approach）Chapter 1014 OO 軟件開發(fā)技術(shù)軟件開發(fā)技術(shù)Owning a hammer doesnt make one an architectOutlinel面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tIntroduction to Object TechnologyConcepts of Object Orientation標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型元素(UML)l面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο蠓治?OOA)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)(OOD)面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)(OOP)l面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tIntroduction to Object TechnologyCo

4、ncepts of Object Orientation表示對(duì)象模型元素l面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο蠓治?OOA)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)(OOD)面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)(OOP)面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tIntroduction to Object TechnologylWhat is Object Technology?l Where is Object Technology used today?Introduction to OT What is OT?l A set of principles (abstraction, encapsulation, polymorph

5、ism) guiding software construction, together with languages, databases, and other tools that support those principles.(Object Technology-A Managers Guide, Taylor, 1997.) Introduction to OTThe Strengths of OT lReflects a single paradigmlFacilitates architectural and code reuselReflects real world mod

6、els more closelylEncourages stabilitylIs adaptive to changeIntroduction to OTThe History of OTIntroduction to OT Where is OT used today?Introduction to OT Where is OT used today?l面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tIntroduction to Object TechnologyConcepts of Object Orientation標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型元素l面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο蠓治?OO

7、A)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)(OOD)面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)(OOP)面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tConcepts of Object OrientationConcepts of OO ObjectlInformally, an object represents an entity, either physical, conceptual, or software.Physical entity Conceptual entitySoftware entity Concepts of OO ObjectlA more formal definitionAn object is an entity w

8、ith a well-defined boundary and identity that encapsulates state and behavior.State is represented by attributes and relationshipsBehavior is represented by operations, methods, and state machines.Concepts of OO Objectl An object has a state State is a condition or situation during the life of an ob

9、ject, which satisfies some condition, performs some activity, or waits for some event. The state of an object normally changes over time.Concepts of OO ObjectlAn Object has Behavior Behavior determines how an object acts and reacts. The visible behavior of an object is modeled by a set of messages i

10、t can respond to (operations that the object can perform). Concepts of OO ObjectlAn Object has IdentityEach object has a unique identity, even if the state is identical to that of another object.Professor “J Clark”teaches biologyProfessor “J Clark”teaches biologyConcepts of OO Four principles of OOC

11、oncepts of OO Four principles of OOConcepts of OO Four principles of OOlWhat is Encapsulation？Hides implementation from clients.lClients depend on interface.Encapsulation IllustratedConcepts of OO Four principles of OOlWhat is Modularity？Breaks up something complex into manageable pieces.Helps peopl

12、e understand complexsystems.Concepts of OO Four principles of OOlWhat is Hierarchy?Concepts of OO classlWhat is a class?A class is a description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, relationships, and semantics.lAn object is an instance of a class.A class is an abstraction

13、 in that itlEmphasizes relevant characteristicslSuppresses other characteristics Concepts of OO classlClass CompartmentsThe class nameThe structure (attributes)The behavior (operations)Concepts of OO classl The relationship between Classes and Objects.A class is an abstract definition of an objectlI

14、t defines the structure and behavior of each object in the class.lIt serves as a template for creating objects.Classes are not collections of objects.Professor SmithProfessor PanosProfessor Joseph ProfessorConcepts of OO classlWhat is an Attribute?An attribute is a named property of a class that des

15、cribes the range of values that instances of the property may hold.lA class may have any number of attributes or no attributes at all.lAttributes in Classes and ObjectslWhat is an Operation?A service that can be requested from an object to effect behavior. An operation has a signature, which may res

16、trict the actual parameters that are possible.A class may have any number of operations or none at all.Concepts of OO Polymorphism and generalizationlWhat is Polymorphism?The ability to hide many different implementations behind a single interface.Concepts of OO Polymorphism and generalizationExampl

17、e:In this example, a requesting object would like to know the current value of a financial instrument. However, the current value for each financial instrument is calculated in a different fashion. The stock needs to determine the current asking price in the financial market that it is listed under.

18、 The bond needs to determine the maturity timelines and interest rates. A mutual fund needs to check the days closing price from the fund management company. Concepts of OO Polymorphism and generalizationlWith object technologyConcepts of OO Polymorphism and generalizationlWhat is Generalization?A r

19、elationship among classes where one class shares the structure and/or behavior of one or more classes.Defines a hierarchy of abstractions in which a subclass inherits from one or more superclasses.lSingle inheritance.lMultiple inheritance.Is an “is a kind of” relationship.Concepts of OO Polymorphism

20、 and generalizationlWhat is Inherited?A subclass inherits its patents attributes, operations, and relationships.A subclass may:lAdd additional attributes, operations, relationships.lRedefine inherited operations.Common attributes, operations, and/or relationships are shown at the highest applicable

21、level in the hierarchy.Concepts of OO Polymorphism and generalizationlExample: Single InheritanceOne class inherits from another(superclass)(subclass)Concepts of OO Polymorphism and generalizationlExample: Multiple InheritanceA class can inherit from several other classes.Concepts of OOPackagelWhat

22、is a Package？A general purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups.A model element that can contain other model elements.A package can be used:lTo organize the model under development.lAs a unit of configuration management.Concepts of OOPackagelA Package can contain classesThe package, Uni

23、versity Artifacts, contains one package and five classes.Differences Between OO and Structured DesignlOOMelds the data and data flow process together early in the lifecycleHas a high level of encapsulationPromotes reuse of code differentlyPermits more software extensibilityReviewlWhat is Object Tech

24、nology?l Where is Object Technology used today?lWhat is an object?lFour principles of OOlWhat is a class?lPolymorphism and generalizationlWhat is Package?走向面向?qū)ο笫潜厝坏挠幂^穩(wěn)定把不穩(wěn)定包起來(lái)l面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tIntroduction to Object TechnologyConcepts of Object Orientation表示對(duì)象模型元素l面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο蠓治?OOA)面

25、向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)(OOD)面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)(OOP)面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t表示對(duì)象模型元素lClass CompartmentsThe class nameThe structure (attributes)The behavior (operations)Class (類)Shape- origin- move()+ resize()# display()Name 名稱Attribute 屬性O(shè)peration 操作ClassNameReservationTitleBusiness Rules:FraudAgentOrderStock Management類的名稱應(yīng)該：類的名稱應(yīng)該：

26、清楚、簡(jiǎn)單，使用問(wèn)題域的詞匯清楚、簡(jiǎn)單，使用問(wèn)題域的詞匯ClassAttributesClassAttributeslUML中類屬性的語(yǔ)法為： 可見性 屬性名：類型=初值+ public - private# protected ClassOperationlUML中類操作的語(yǔ)法為：可見性操作名（參數(shù)列表） ：返回類型+ public - private# protected舉例：+ display() : Area# create() - getLocation (Point : currentPoint)Classl面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tIntroduction to O

27、bject TechnologyConcepts of Object Orientation標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型元素l面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο蠓治?OOA)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)(OOD)面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)(OOP)Few things are harder to put up with than a good example. Mark TwainAn Example 定義用例定義用例定義領(lǐng)域模型定義領(lǐng)域模型定義交互圖定義交互圖定義設(shè)計(jì)類圖定義設(shè)計(jì)類圖骰子游戲：骰子游戲：每個(gè)游戲者擲兩個(gè)骰子，總數(shù)是7為贏，否則為輸。An Example (Cont.)l Define Use Case 定義

28、用例基本路徑：游戲者拿起并擲出骰子 分別得到face value 總數(shù)為7則贏, 否則為輸游戲者玩骰子游戲An Example (Cont.)l Define a Domain Model 定義領(lǐng)域模型Partial domain model of the dice game An Example (Cont.)l Define Interaction Diagrams 定義交互圖 : DiceGamedie1 : Diedie2 : Die : playerplay( )roll( )getFaceValue( )roll( )getFaceValue( )An Example (Cont.

29、)l Define Design Class Diagrams 定義設(shè)計(jì)類圖l面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌t面向?qū)ο蟮母拍詈驮瓌tIntroduction to Object TechnologyConcepts of Object Orientation標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型元素l面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)面向?qū)ο蠓治?OOA)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)(OOD)面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)(OOP)lOOA/D中最關(guān)鍵、最基本的能力是熟練地為軟件組織分配職責(zé)。lOOA強(qiáng)調(diào)在問(wèn)題領(lǐng)域內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)和描述對(duì)象或概念，而不是解決方案 。(做正確的事)lOOD強(qiáng)調(diào)的是定義軟件對(duì)象和這些軟件對(duì)象如何協(xié)作來(lái)滿足需求。(正確地做事)OOAFichm

30、an & Kemerer:我們的結(jié)論是面向?qū)ο蠓治龇椒ù砹讼鄬?duì)過(guò)程的方法學(xué)的根本性變化，但相對(duì)于面向數(shù)據(jù)的方法學(xué)僅僅是適當(dāng)增補(bǔ)。面向過(guò)程的方法學(xué)在建模過(guò)程中的關(guān)注點(diǎn)不是對(duì)象的內(nèi)在性質(zhì)，從而導(dǎo)致了和面向?qū)ο蟮娜齻€(gè)基本原則（封裝、對(duì)象分類和繼承）相正交的問(wèn)題域模型。OOAlOOA 方法l領(lǐng)域分析lOO分析模型的類屬成分lOOA 過(guò)程l對(duì)象關(guān)系模型l行為關(guān)系模型 OOA OOA方法lBooch 方法lCoad 和Yourdon 方法lJocobson 方法lRambaugh 方法lWirfs-Brock方法OOA OOA方法lBooch方法標(biāo)識(shí)類和對(duì)象標(biāo)識(shí)類和對(duì)象的語(yǔ)義標(biāo)識(shí)類和對(duì)象間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行一系

31、列精化實(shí)現(xiàn)類和對(duì)象OOA OOA方法lCoad 和Yourdon 方法使用“尋找什么”（what to look for）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象定義一般特殊結(jié)構(gòu)定義整體部分結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)識(shí)主題（子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)件的表示）定義屬性定義服務(wù)OOA OOA方法lJocobson 方法標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)的用戶和他們的整體責(zé)任建造需求模型建造分析模型OOA OOA方法l Wirfs-Brock方法評(píng)估客戶規(guī)約使用語(yǔ)法分析從規(guī)約中抽取候選類組合類以試圖標(biāo)識(shí)超類為每個(gè)類定義責(zé)任為每個(gè)類賦予責(zé)任標(biāo)識(shí)類之間的關(guān)系定義類之間基于責(zé)任的協(xié)作構(gòu)造類的層次表示以顯示繼承關(guān)系構(gòu)造系統(tǒng)的協(xié)作圖OOA OOA方法lRambaugh 方法開發(fā)對(duì)問(wèn)題的范圍陳述建

32、造對(duì)象模型開發(fā)動(dòng)態(tài)模型構(gòu)造系統(tǒng)的功能模型OOA一般步驟l獲取客戶對(duì)OO系統(tǒng)的需求l使用基本的需求作為指引來(lái)選擇類和對(duì)象l為每個(gè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)象標(biāo)識(shí)屬性和操作l定義組織類的結(jié)構(gòu)和層次l建造對(duì)象關(guān)系模型l建造對(duì)象行為模型l使用實(shí)例/場(chǎng)景來(lái)復(fù)審OO分析模型OOA領(lǐng)域分析l面向?qū)ο笙到y(tǒng)的分析可以在不同的抽象層次上進(jìn)行：在商業(yè)或企業(yè)級(jí)在業(yè)務(wù)范圍層次在應(yīng)用層次OOA領(lǐng)域分析Firesmith：軟件的領(lǐng)域分析是在特定應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中標(biāo)識(shí)、軟件的領(lǐng)域分析是在特定應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中標(biāo)識(shí)、分析和規(guī)約公共需求，典型地是在應(yīng)用領(lǐng)分析和規(guī)約公共需求，典型地是在應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中的多個(gè)項(xiàng)目間的復(fù)用。面向?qū)ο箢I(lǐng)域域中的多個(gè)項(xiàng)目間的復(fù)用。面向?qū)ο箢I(lǐng)域分析

33、是一公共對(duì)象、類、子集合和框架等分析是一公共對(duì)象、類、子集合和框架等形式在特定應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中標(biāo)識(shí)、分析和規(guī)約形式在特定應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中標(biāo)識(shí)、分析和規(guī)約公共的可服用的能力。公共的可服用的能力。OOA領(lǐng)域分析l復(fù)用和領(lǐng)域分析例：對(duì)一個(gè)新應(yīng)用的需求分析指明需要100個(gè)類，兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目組被委派去實(shí)現(xiàn)該應(yīng)用，各自將設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)造一個(gè)最終產(chǎn)品，每個(gè)組由具有相同的技能級(jí)別和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人構(gòu)成。組B 將比組A快得多地完成項(xiàng)目組B 的產(chǎn)品成本將大大低于組A的產(chǎn)品成本組B 的產(chǎn)品將比組A的產(chǎn)品有更少的錯(cuò)誤OOA領(lǐng)域分析l領(lǐng)域分析過(guò)程定義將被調(diào)查的領(lǐng)域分類將從領(lǐng)域中抽取出來(lái)的項(xiàng)分類收集領(lǐng)域中應(yīng)用的代表性樣本OOA OO分析模型的類屬成分l

34、語(yǔ)義類的靜態(tài)視圖l屬性的靜態(tài)視圖l關(guān)系的靜態(tài)視圖l行為的靜態(tài)視圖l通信的動(dòng)態(tài)視圖l控制和時(shí)序的動(dòng)態(tài)視圖OOA OOA 過(guò)程lOOA過(guò)程并不是從考慮對(duì)象開始，而是從理解系統(tǒng)的使用方式開始如果系統(tǒng)是人機(jī)交互的，則考慮被人使用的方式如果系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)和控制應(yīng)用，則考慮被其他程序使用的方式。OOA OOA 過(guò)程l類責(zé)任協(xié)作者建模（CRC建模）l定義結(jié)構(gòu)和層次l定義主體和子系統(tǒng)OOA 對(duì)象關(guān)系模型l理解每個(gè)類的責(zé)任l定義有助于完成責(zé)任的協(xié)作者，建立“連接”O(jiān)OA 對(duì)象行為模型l評(píng)估所有的使用實(shí)例以完全地理解系統(tǒng)中的交互的序列。l標(biāo)識(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)交互序列的事件，理解這些事件如何和特定的對(duì)象相關(guān)聯(lián)。l為每一個(gè)使用實(shí)例創(chuàng)建

35、事件軌跡。l為系統(tǒng)建造狀態(tài)變遷圖。l復(fù)審對(duì)象行為模型以驗(yàn)證精確性和一致性。OOA 小結(jié)l面向?qū)ο蠓治鍪沟密浖こ處熌軌蛲ㄟ^(guò)對(duì)對(duì)象,屬性和操作的表示來(lái)對(duì)問(wèn)題建模. 雖然有很多不同的方法, 但所有的方法均有一個(gè)共同的特征:類和類層次的表示對(duì)象關(guān)系模型的創(chuàng)建對(duì)象行為模型的導(dǎo)出開發(fā)過(guò)程(0)(0)業(yè)務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)(1)(1)需求需求(2)(2)分析：結(jié)構(gòu)分析：結(jié)構(gòu)(3)(3)分析：行為分析：行為(4)(4)設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)類圖的角色OOA標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型的元素步驟 l標(biāo)識(shí)類/對(duì)象l表示屬性l定義操作OOA標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型的元素步驟 l標(biāo)識(shí)類/對(duì)象l表示屬性l定義操作識(shí)別類（方法之一）l回顧需求文檔，抽取對(duì)應(yīng)于業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)體或事件的

36、名詞l出現(xiàn)遺漏時(shí)，返回需求文檔進(jìn)行修改l將名詞進(jìn)行分類、抽取出合適的類例1：SafeHome系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程敘述SafeHome 軟件使得房主能夠在安裝時(shí)配置安全系統(tǒng)、監(jiān)控所有和安全系統(tǒng)連接的傳感器、以及通過(guò)鍵盤及包含在SafeHome控制面板中的功能健和房主交互。在安裝過(guò)程中，SafeHome控制面板被用于“編程”和配置系統(tǒng),每個(gè)傳感器被賦予一個(gè)編號(hào)和類型，用于啟動(dòng)和關(guān)閉系統(tǒng)的主要碼 抽取其中的名詞，建議一組潛在的對(duì)象潛在對(duì)象潛在對(duì)象/類類一般分類一般分類控制面板外部實(shí)體安裝發(fā)生的事情（事件）系統(tǒng)事物主密碼事物電話號(hào)碼事物傳感器事件發(fā)生的事情（事件）每個(gè)潛在對(duì)象是否應(yīng)包含在分析模型中l(wèi)Coad 和

37、Yourdon 6個(gè)選擇特征保留的信息需要的服務(wù)多個(gè)屬性公共屬性公共操作必要的需求潛在對(duì)象潛在對(duì)象/類類適用的特征編號(hào)適用的特征編號(hào)控制面板接受：所有均適用安裝拒絕系統(tǒng)接受：所有均適用主密碼拒絕：3失敗電話號(hào)碼拒絕：3失敗傳感器事件接受：所有均適用識(shí)別類（方法之二）The Role of a Boundary ClassFinding Boundary Classesl One boundary class per actor/use case pairBoundary Class Control Class控制類l 負(fù)責(zé)其它類工作l 每個(gè)用例通常有一個(gè)控制類，控制用例中的事件順序，控制類也可

38、以在多個(gè)用例間共用。l 向其他的類發(fā)消息The Role of a Control ClassFinding Control Classes例：注冊(cè)課程用例OOA標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型的元素步驟l標(biāo)識(shí)類/對(duì)象l表示屬性l定義操作識(shí)別屬性l屬性是一個(gè)對(duì)象的邏輯數(shù)據(jù)值；一個(gè)領(lǐng)域模型中包含如下屬性：l需求建議l暗示我們需要記住的那些信息例如：收據(jù)經(jīng)常包含一個(gè)日期和時(shí)間；因?yàn)橛捎诟鞣N原因，管理層需要知道銷售的日期和時(shí)間。 因此，撒了需要一個(gè)date和time屬性。識(shí)別屬性l 有效的屬性類型保持屬性的簡(jiǎn)單性概念角度和實(shí)現(xiàn)角度l 非原始的數(shù)據(jù)類型類可以分開的段組成的數(shù)據(jù)（電話號(hào)碼）與數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)（身份證號(hào)）包含其他屬性

39、的數(shù)據(jù)（促銷價(jià)格可能有一個(gè)日期）帶有單位的數(shù)量值（貨幣）l 沒(méi)有屬性是外健區(qū)別正確和不正確的屬性 是否在系統(tǒng)責(zé)任之內(nèi) 是否描述類對(duì)象的特征 是否存在冗余 是否有復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的屬性 根據(jù)對(duì)需求的理解進(jìn)行細(xì)化OOA標(biāo)識(shí)對(duì)象模型的元素步驟l標(biāo)識(shí)類/對(duì)象l表示屬性l定義操作定義操作用例文檔類圖通過(guò)畫順序圖完成責(zé)任分配檢索零件 基本路徑基本路徑 1. 檢索零件者提交查詢條件 2. 系統(tǒng)按查詢條件檢索零件 3. 系統(tǒng)顯示搜索到零件的列表 4. 檢索零件者選中某個(gè)零件 5. 系統(tǒng)顯示該零件的詳細(xì)信息 擴(kuò)展擴(kuò)展 2a. 系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有檢索到所需零件： 2a1. 系統(tǒng)顯示“沒(méi)有找到適合條件的零件” 2a2. 用例結(jié)束 會(huì)

40、員檢索零件檢索零件類圖檢索零件UI(from Logical View)檢索零件UC(from Logical View)零件(from Logical View)順序圖解說(shuō) ：會(huì)員：會(huì)員 : 檢索零件UI : 檢索零件UC : 零件 : 會(huì)員1: 提交查詢條件2: 檢索零件（）3: 檢索零件（）4: 顯示零件列表（）5: 選中零件（）6: 取零件信息（）7: 取零件信息（）8: 顯示零件詳細(xì)信息（）面向?qū)ο筌浖_發(fā)技術(shù)l面向?qū)ο蠓治雒嫦驅(qū)ο蠓治?OOA)l面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)面向?qū)ο笤O(shè)計(jì)(OOD)l面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)面向?qū)ο髮?shí)現(xiàn)(OOP)OODl將OOA所創(chuàng)建的分析模型轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷⒆鳛檐浖?gòu)造的藍(lán)圖的設(shè)計(jì)模型。完成一系列不同的模塊