托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)背景：美國人種樹紀(jì)念內(nèi)戰(zhàn)陣亡軍人

1、智課網(wǎng)TOEFL備考資料托福閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)背景：美國人種樹紀(jì)念內(nèi)戰(zhàn)陣亡軍人 The U.S. Civil War was the bloodiest war in American history. From 1861 to 1865, at least 620,000 soldiers died in the fighting. The war was fought between the states of the North - the Union, and the South - the Confederacy, which were divided over states rights,

2、including slavery. Now 150 years later, the soldiers who died are being memorialized through a tree planting project that will span four eastern states where many of the battles took place. 美國南北戰(zhàn)爭是美國歷史上最血腥的戰(zhàn)爭。從1861年到1865年， 至少有62萬人死在戰(zhàn)場上， 交戰(zhàn)的北方聯(lián)邦和南方邦聯(lián)在奴隸制和州的權(quán)利等問題上意見分歧。150年后的今天，為了紀(jì)念南北戰(zhàn)爭的陣亡將士，美國一個團(tuán)體在東部四

3、個州展開植樹活動。 These are the faces of soldiers who were pitted against one another during the U.S. Civil War. More than half the soldiers died and most are no longer remembered. 美國南北戰(zhàn)爭期間，參戰(zhàn)者有一半戰(zhàn)死沙場，大多數(shù)人已被忘懷。 Now the group Journey Through Hallowed Ground is keeping their memory alive by planting trees, or

4、 dedicating existing trees, to each of those soldiers. Trees are being planted along a 290-kilometer road from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania - where the most famous battle occurred - to the home in Virginia of Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. president. Beth Erickson is with the organization. 現(xiàn)在美國一個名為“通過

5、圣地之旅”的團(tuán)體決定用植樹來紀(jì)念內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的軍人。從南北軍隊浴血奮戰(zhàn)的東北部賓夕法尼亞州著名的蓋茨堡戰(zhàn)場到南方維吉尼亞州美國第三任總統(tǒng)杰佛遜的故鄉(xiāng)，他們在沿途290公里的道路兩旁種樹，或是以現(xiàn)有的一棵樹來紀(jì)念某位陣亡將士。 “Each tree is a life," said Erickson. "As you see these trees one after another, it will truly make an impact.” “通過圣地之旅”的副主席貝斯.埃里克森說，“每顆樹都是一個生命。 這些樹，一棵接一棵，會有影響，會讓人記起那些陣亡將士。 The firs

6、t trees were planted in November on a former plantation called Oatlands in Leesburg, Virginia. Today, the early 19th century home is owned by a historic trust. 第一批樹是在維吉尼亞州立斯堡的一個名叫奧特蘭斯的前莊園里種下的。這個19世紀(jì)建造的房子目前歸一個歷史文物保護(hù)基金會所有。 Andrea McGimsey, Executive Director of Oatlands, says the estate was a natural

7、place to begin the tree project. “Oatlands has some very old trees and they were here during the Civil War time. Many of them are actually going to be adopted as part of this project,” she explained. 奧特蘭斯管理委員會的執(zhí)行總裁安德里亞.麥克吉姆斯說，植樹活動從這里開始是很自然的。 她說：“奧特蘭斯有一些內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時期的老樹。作為項目的一部分，這些樹，很多都會被用來紀(jì)念內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的陣亡軍人?！?McGimse

8、y says Oatlands was also part of civil war history. “Oatlands had 128 slaves in 1860, right before the Civil War started. And also the family who lived here had two sons who joined the Confederate Army,” she added. 麥克吉姆斯還說， 奧特蘭斯本身就是南北戰(zhàn)爭歷史的一部分：“1860年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前，奧特蘭斯莊園有128個奴隸，莊園主的兩個兒子都參加了邦聯(lián)軍?！?Richard Willi

9、ams, the grandson of the last family that lived in the house, says one of his ancestors was a famous Confederate general. His family still owns property next to Oatlands, and they too are involved in planting the trees. 理查德.威廉姆斯的祖父一家是最后一個居住在奧特蘭斯的家庭。威廉姆斯說，他的祖先中有一位著名的邦聯(lián)軍的將軍。他的家庭仍然擁有奧特蘭斯附近的地產(chǎn)，他們也參與了植樹活

10、動。 “Were hoping as private landowners we can also show its a great success and encourage some other private landowners,” Williams stated. 他說： “作為私人土地所有者，我們希望能夠顯示這個計劃很成功， 并鼓勵其他土地所所有者參與植樹活動。 The $65 million project is being financed through private contributions, in which individuals can also help by

11、donating $100 for a tree. The trees will be geotagged to allow Smart Phone users to learn the story of a soldier. 紀(jì)念內(nèi)戰(zhàn)陣亡將士的植樹活動耗資6500萬美元， 這筆錢都由私人捐獻(xiàn)。贊助一棵樹需要捐款100美元。每顆樹都有地理標(biāo)記，人們可以在智能手機(jī)上看到這棵樹所紀(jì)念的那位內(nèi)戰(zhàn)士兵的故事。 “These trees will have a number associated with a person. They can use GPS technology to find out

12、 who these people were,” Erickson noted. “通過圣地之旅”的副主席貝斯.埃里克森說：“每顆樹紀(jì)念一個軍人，每顆樹都有一個號碼，人們用全球定位系統(tǒng)技術(shù)就能查到這些軍人是誰。” Eleanor Adams has contributed a tree to honor her ancestor, Joseph McGowan, a 23-year-old Confederate soldier from the southern state of Alabama who was shot and killed. He fought, along with s

13、everal brothers, only two of whom survived the war. 埃莉諾.亞當(dāng)姆斯捐助了一棵樹，紀(jì)念她的一位祖先，來自南方阿拉巴馬州的23歲的約瑟夫.麥克加文。他在戰(zhàn)場上中彈身亡。約瑟夫.麥克加文的幾個兄弟跟他一起參軍，只有兩個活著回來。麥克加文在給家人的信中，談到戰(zhàn)場上的苦難。 McGowan wrote letters to his family about the hardships on the battlefield. “He talks about sickness, the heat in the summertime, the bad food - really a tough time being a soldier in those days,” she said. 埃莉諾.亞當(dāng)姆斯：“他談到疾病，夏天的高溫，糟糕的食物，那時候的士兵確實很苦。” Adams hopes other relatives will join her in planting trees for the