專題17 介詞和介詞短語 -第17講 -介詞和介詞短語---2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測（新教材新高考）（練）（含答案解析）.docx

1、第17講-介詞和介詞短語（練）時間：50分鐘滿分：50分姓名 得數(shù)I .單句語法填空（每個1分，共25分）.【2021 浙江 1 月高考The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI （Body Mass Index 體 重指數(shù)）increased 2. 1 in women and men.【答案】by【解析】考查介詞。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，1985年至2017年間，農(nóng)村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了 2.1。increase by 表示“增加了“； increase to表示“增加到根據(jù)正常的成人BMI數(shù)值（18.5-23.9）

2、可知，increase by符合語 境，故填by。1 .【2021 八省 1 月聯(lián)考】Like many other students, you may have various people, （include） family members and friends, giving input on your college decision.【答案】including【解析】考查介詞。像許多其他學(xué)生一樣，你可能會有各種各樣的人，包括家庭成員和朋友，為你的大學(xué) 決定提供意見。結(jié)合句意表示“包含 在內(nèi)”，后跟名詞family members and friends作賓語，應(yīng)用介詞 includ

3、ingo 故填 includingo. 2019上海卷And of course man has also had a negative impact using engine-powered fishing boatsnear the turtles' nesting grounds.【答案】by【解析】考查介詞。而且海龜巢穴附近，有動力的捕魚船也帶來了負面影響。可知，此處只表達一種方式， 表示“通過”。用介詞by。故填by。2 . 12019上）每卷Countries such as Finland have dropped joined-up handwriting lesson

4、s in schools in favour typing courses.【答案】Of【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。像芬蘭這樣的國家已經(jīng)放棄了學(xué)校里的連體書寫課程，取而代之的是打字課 程。此處in favour of是固定短語，意為：支持，贊成。故填of。3 .【江蘇省蘇州市八校聯(lián)盟2021屆高三第二次適應(yīng)性檢測】But from Jan 1,2021, China will make a sweeping ban 63 , all imports of solid waste.【答案】on【解析】考查介詞。句意：但從2021年1月1日起，中國將全面禁止所有固體廢物的進口。make a ban

5、on.is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個問題的答案不清楚。thekey/answerto這是固定搭配，“.的答案是二 故填tOo.【2019北京卷語法填空】First celebrated 51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190countries and regions（土也區(qū)）.【答案】in【解析】in 考查介詞的用法，年份前面應(yīng)該加介詞in。11 .【2018全國 HI】I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I'd

6、 been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.【答案】for【解析】考查動詞短語搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找、表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地 大猩猩。12 . 【2018浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home 65 dinner, get a few coo

7、king tips from her.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。表示去母親家去吃飯，表示目的用介詞for,故填for。13 .2017全國卷 I There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學(xué)界）61.a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended si

8、de effects such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】as【解析】考查介詞。這個做法最初是醫(yī)學(xué)界作為一種對抗心臟病的形式開始的。as表示“作為”，故填as。14 .2017全國卷 II In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and all

9、owed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.work.【答案】from【解析】考查介詞。與前面的介詞to一起來表示上下班（to and from work）。對發(fā)出禁令，固定搭配。故填。n。6.【江蘇省連云港市2021屆高三1月適應(yīng)性演練模擬 lit was a pile of special wood burning in an iron grate thatsat in a box of sand on a platform car, which was pushed

10、 ahead43. the train. The illuminator did not cast much light, but it warned of an approaching train.【答案】Of【解析】考查介詞。句意：那是一堆特殊的木頭，在一個鐵格柵里燃燒著，鐵格柵放在站臺車廂的一箱沙 子里，被推到火車前面。結(jié)合句意表示“推到前面”短語為push ahead of。故填。f。7 .【江蘇省 2020-2021 學(xué)年百校聯(lián)考高三第二次考試The Guardian gave us the bad news that red and processed meat can short

11、en life. But The Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion （部分）of red meat a day 56, fish or nuts could cut the risk of early death by almost a fifth.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意：但每日電訊報提供了一個好消息，每天用一份紅肉代替魚或堅果可以將早 死的風(fēng)險降低近五分之一。exchangefor.是固定搭配，意為“交換”。故填for。8 .【江蘇省南京29中、南菁中學(xué)等四校2021屆高三12月

12、聯(lián)考The expression "a blue moon” has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is called a blue moon not because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue （色彩）61. the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon bec

13、ause it is so rare.【答案】from【解析】考查介詞。句意：第二次滿月被稱為“藍月亮”，并不是因為它特別藍，或者與這個月的第一次滿月 有任何不同的色調(diào)。根據(jù)句意以及is different可知此處使用的是固定短語“be different from”表示“與 不 同”,故填fromo.【江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體2021屆高三上學(xué)期11月聯(lián)考60.the benefits of taking a g叩year, some students worry they can't afford it. A student, Tom, told the BBC that to hi

14、m, a gap year was an "alien concept5. He said "it would have been far too expensive and it's not something that I would have been able to rely on my parents or family members fbr." But some experts say that it needn't burn a hole in your pocket; you don't need to travel fa

15、r and you can even earn money by doing paid work.【答案】despite【解析 1考查介詞。句意：盡管休空檔年有其好處，一些學(xué)生擔(dān)心他們負擔(dān)不起。結(jié)合句意表示“盡管”應(yīng)用 介詞despite,句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Despite。9 .【江蘇省如皋如東丹陽三校2021屆高三12月聯(lián)考】But thousands of tourists5 feet could damage the stones and the changed air could affect the paintings. The Chinese government has

16、worked with UNESCO to agree 61 . a plan to protect the caves. Regretfully , around the world, especially in countries where there is fighting or great poverty , many wonderful sites are still endangered.【答案】on【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：中國政府已經(jīng)與聯(lián)合國教科文組織達成了一項保護洞穴的計劃。固定搭配 agree on sth.（就某事達成一致）。故填on。10 .【江蘇省泰州市 2021

17、 屆高三上學(xué)期期末】The Ant Forest initiative was launched by the Alipay app in 2016. 36. about 200 million trees planted on 182,700 hectares of land, it has helped to efficiently avoid almost 7.9 million tons of carbon emissions.【答案】With【解析】考查介詞。句意：由于大約200, 000, 000棵樹被種植在182,7000公頃的地上，它有效地幫助避 免了幾乎790萬噸的炭排放。分

18、析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為“with+賓語+賓補”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作原因狀語， 故填Witho.【江蘇省天一中學(xué)、南京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)、海安中學(xué)2021屆高三12月聯(lián)考】The best way to support Chinese companies is to speak out42, those US politicians. Boycotting US brands such as Apple is not at all advisable.【答案】against【解析】考查介詞。句意：支持中國企業(yè)的最好方式是公開反對那些美國政客。結(jié)合句意表示“公開反對” 可知短語為 speak out

19、 againsto 故填 againsto.【江蘇省揚州市2020-2021學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試適應(yīng)性練習(xí)】She said, “I knew a student in a previous school who used to go out and swing in a park between lessons. Currently, what we are doing is bringing the swing into the school to help build a culture. This leads to better results 61. students in ter

20、ms of both their wellbeing and academic achievement.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意：這將為學(xué)生帶來更好的結(jié)果，無論是在他們的幸福和學(xué)術(shù)成就方面。表示“為了“ 應(yīng)用介詞for。表示為學(xué)生帶來更好的結(jié)果。故填for。11 .【江蘇省蘇州中學(xué) 2021 屆高三上學(xué)期調(diào)研】Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was bom in Britain on January 8th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about designin

21、g complicated toys but unfortunately, in his twenties, he suffered 43 . a disease that was impossible to be cured, which was a great challenge for him.【答案】from【解析】考查介詞。句意：小時候，他熱衷于設(shè)計復(fù)雜的玩具，但不幸的是，在他20多歲的時候，他患了 一種無法治愈的疾病，這對他來說是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。suffer from表示遭受，是固定短語，故填from。12 . 2020 屆北京市東城區(qū)高三二?！緼s a child growing

22、 up L_ England, James Reynolds was always excited by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and volcanoes,Reynolds travels the world to shoot pictures of Earth9s most extreme weather events.【答案】in【解析】考查介詞。句意:作為一個在英國長大的孩子，James Reynolds總是因雷聲感

23、到激動。空后England 是地點名詞,意為“英國”,所以此處指“在”英國,應(yīng)填介詞同。故填點。13 .【2020屆北京市東城區(qū)高三下學(xué)期階段性檢測】Sometimes I think adults don't stop to see things 4 a child's eyes. He could have blamed me. Instead, he lifted my little soul.【答案】through【解析】考查介詞。句意：有時，我覺得成年人應(yīng)該通過孩子的目光去看待事物。結(jié)合句意，后面的短語“a child's eyes”是用來說明“see thi

24、ngs”的方式，即“通過孩子的雙眼看待事物故填througho.【2020 屆北京市房山區(qū)高三一?！縏he high-speed railway line connecting Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, went into operation on December 30th, 2019. Designed with 5G signals and wireless charging, the smart train G8811 departed from Beij

25、ing North Railway Station 5, 8:30 am to Zhangjiakou. The railway is 174 km long, with 10 stations along the line.【答案】at【解析】考查介詞。句意：采用5G信號和無線充電設(shè)計，智能列車G8811于上午8點20分從北京北站出 發(fā)前往張家口。分析句子可知，此處表示列車從8點20出發(fā)，時間點前應(yīng)用介詞沉。故填at。14 . 2020 屆北京市豐臺區(qū)高三第二學(xué)期綜合練習(xí)（二）】Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chanc

26、e or by means of good luck. Injury, illness, love, and lost moments of true greatness all occur to test the limits of your soul. 8. these small tests, life would be like a straight flat road to nowhere.【答案】Without【解析】考查介詞。句意：沒有這些小的考驗，生活就像一條沒有盡頭的筆直平坦的道路。根據(jù)句意，此 處表示“沒有”，置于句首，首字母大寫。故填Without。15 . 2020 屆

27、匕京市海淀區(qū)高三二?！?. the mountain-climbing, we couldn't have had enough time to spend together because my father was busy.【答案】Without【解析】考查介詞。句意：沒有爬山，我們不可能有足夠的時間在一起，因為我的父親很忙。根據(jù)句意以 及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填Without,本句為含蓄虛擬語氣，有時假設(shè)的情況并不是以if引導(dǎo)的條件從句形式 出現(xiàn)，而是通過一些詞或短語等形式暗示虛擬語氣的存在,常用的詞語有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,

28、even, in case of, what if（如果將如何）等等，這種句子往往有主句而無從句。故填Withouto. 2020 屆北京市海淀區(qū)高三一?！縏hat may explain why more and more young people are choosing to keep pets 10. companionship. Apart from relieving loneliness, many scientific studies have shown that keeping a pet reduces stress and may even improve overal

29、l health.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。由語境可知，此處指“為了陪伴”，表目的，所以用介詞for。故填for。16 . 2020 屆北京市門頭溝區(qū)高三二模】Some of your favourite evening habits may have something to do with sleeping problems. For example, the light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you 62 falling asleep. You should make your room as dark as possible

30、. Whafs more, it's not good to exercise late at night. Fierce physical activities raise your body temperature and are bad fbr a good night's sleep.【答案】from【解析】考查固定句型。句意：鬧鐘的亮光會阻止你入睡。阻止某人做某事，用固定句型prevent sb from doing stho 故填 fromo. 2020 屆北京市昌平區(qū)高三二?！縄nstead, consider sharing it 2 people who ha

31、ven't read it, or giving it to your school library so that your classmates can take a look.【答案】with【解析】考查固定短語。句意：相反，你可以考慮和沒有看過它的人分享，或者把它送給學(xué)校圖書館，這 樣你的同學(xué)就可以看一看。根據(jù)句意，是短語share sth. with sb. "和某人分享故填with。17 .【2020 屆北京市朝陽區(qū)高三4 月測試Yusaku Maezawa, the first paying passenger on Space X，s maiden touri

32、st voyage to the moon in 2023, tweeted a link on Sunday to a website where women can apply to be his companion 41 . the week-long space flight.【答案】on【解析】考查介詞。句意：前澤友作是2023年SpaceX首次登月旅行的第一位付費乘客，上周日他在推特 上發(fā)布了一個鏈接，該鏈接指向一個網(wǎng)站，女性可以在網(wǎng)站上申請，成為他為期一周太空之旅的伴侶。根 據(jù)the week-long space fligh可知此處要用介詞表示“在之上故填ono.2020 屆北

33、京市朝陽區(qū)六校高三 4 月聯(lián)考】The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunitv40, mental and physical exercise.【答案】考查介詞。句意：這些動物被關(guān)在狹小的空間里，沒有私人空間，幾乎沒有機會進行智力和體育 鍛煉。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填介詞，再結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示目的，意為“去為了.“，故填fOFo. 2020 屆北京市大興一?！縎chools like these also tend to charge more 3. tuition

34、（學(xué)費）and board.【答案】in / for【解析】考查介詞。句意：這類學(xué)校的學(xué)費和伙食費往往也更高。表示“在/為的收費”用介詞in/for。故 填 in / foroH.單項選擇（每個1分,共10分）（2021 天津市寧河區(qū)蘆臺第一中學(xué)高三其他模擬）Some experts think,genes, intelligence also depend on an adequate diet, a good education and a nice home environment.A. instead ofB. apart fromC. except forD. far from【答案

35、】B【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：一些專家認為，除了基因，智力還取決于充足的飲食、良好的教育和 良好的家庭環(huán)境。A. instead of代替；B. apart from除了； C. except for除了； D.far from遠非。根據(jù)句意可 知，此處表示“除了"，apart from既表示排除意義，又可以表示補充意義；except for側(cè)重于排除在外，從整 體里減去。根據(jù)句意，表示“除了（還有）"，所以應(yīng)該用apart from。故選B項。1. （2021 銀川市第六中學(xué)高三三模）一I can't find your sister, where is s

36、he?一She's gone away the weekend.A. inB. atC. forD. on【答案】C【解析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我找不到你姐姐了，她去哪里了？ 她已經(jīng)走了，去度周末了。 A.in在里；B.at向,朝;C.for為了;D.on在上。根據(jù)" She's gone away”可知，她已經(jīng)走了，去度周末 了 o for the weekend “去度周末”。故選C項。2. （2021 天津高三二模）After a day of activities, you should be a good meal.A , in the mood for

37、 B. at the point of C. on the edge of D. with the help of【答案】A【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：經(jīng)過一天的活動，你應(yīng)該有心情吃頓好飯。A. in the mood for有情緒去 做；B. at the point of正要；C. on the edge of在邊緣；D. with the help of在的幫助下。前文說一天活動之 后，所以是有心情吃飯，A項符合句意，故選A項。3. （2021 天津高三二模） Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the d

38、egree they can becontrolled.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which【答案】C【解析】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：人類和動物面部表情的不同之處，在于某程度上人類面部表情可以受到控制。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the degree,關(guān)系代詞which在 句中指代先行詞degree（程度），表示“某種程度應(yīng)為"t。some degree”，故介詞t。符合句意。故選C項。4. .（2021 天津高三二模）Taking on this challenge will bring you

39、 someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in memory ofD. in contact with【答案】D【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：接受這個挑戰(zhàn)會讓你接觸到和你有共同興趣的人。A. in exchange for交 換,調(diào)換;B. in answer to響應(yīng),作為對的回答;C.in memory of紀念;D. in contact with接觸,聯(lián)系。根據(jù)句意及后文“someone who shares your interests”，結(jié)合選項可知，此處指“接觸到和你有共同興趣的

40、人 故選D項。6. （2021 天津高三二模）With May Day, we would like to seize this opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt. Panshan.A. on the contraryon the corneron the wholeon the horizon【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：五一即將到來，我們要抓住這個機會，欣賞盤山的美景。A. on the contrary正 相反；B. on the comer 在拐角處；C. on the whole 總的說來；D. on the h

41、orizon 即將來臨。根據(jù)" we would like to seize this opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Mt. Panshan. ",可知此處表示五一即將到來，故選 D。7. （2021 天津高三二模） We'll have to revise our original planthe present situation.A. in return for B. in view ofC. in addition to D. in comparison with【答案】B【解析】考查介詞短語辨析

42、。句意：考慮到目前的情況，我們不得不修改原來的計劃。A. in return for作為 的報答;B. in view of考慮到；C.in addition to此外；D. in comparison with與比較。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)該表示“鑒于，考慮到"。故選B。8. （2021 天津高三二模） We still haven't got the sponsor the fact that we've written to dozens ofcompanies.A. regardless of B. in view ofC. in spite ofD. on a

43、ccount of【答案】C【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：盡管我們已經(jīng)給兒十家公司寫了信，但仍然沒有找到贊助商。A. regardless of不管，不顧；B. in view of由于，鑒于；C.in spite of盡管，雖然；D. on account of由于，為了。由語意可 知，盡管給幾十家公司寫信，但是依然沒有找到贊助商。故選C項。9. （2021天津市濱海新區(qū)塘沽第一中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試）his first win in the International Mathematical Olympiad, his parents took him to the beach enjoyi

44、ng a totally relaxation, leaving all the math exercises at home. A. In honor of B. In possession of C. In charge of D. In celebration of【答案】D【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：為了慶祝他第一次在國際數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克競賽中獲勝，他的父母帶他去 海灘享受完全的放松，把所有的數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)留在家里。A. In honor of為紀念；B. In possession of占有；C. In charge of 負責(zé)；D. In celebration of 為慶祝。根據(jù)后文“

45、his first win in the International MathematicalOlympiad”可知指為慶祝他第一次在國際數(shù)學(xué)奧林匹克競賽中獲勝，應(yīng)用in celebration ofo故選D。10. （2021 黑龍江哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)校高二開學(xué)考試）In our city, almost everyone is bringing down thehousing price because it is too high for us to buy one.A. in charge of B. in favor ofC. in need ofD. in danger of【答案】

46、B【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：在我們城市，幾乎每個人都贊成降低房價，因為房價對我們來說太高 了。A.in charge of 負責(zé)，主管；B. in favor of 支持，贊同;C. in need of 需要；D. in danger of 處于危險中。由語意可知，這里應(yīng)是由于房價太高，所以大家都支持降低房價，故選B項。III.高考試題（每個1分，共15分）.【2020新課標(biāo) I 卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters

47、（環(huán)形山）， more so 65, the familiar near side.【答案】than【解析】考查介詞。句意：因為它比熟悉的一面有更多的深環(huán)形山。根據(jù)空前的比較級mores?？芍?，此處 填介詞than,表示“比更故填than。1 .【2020新課標(biāo) II 卷】Bamboo plants are associated 67 , health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with【解析】考查介詞。句意:竹類植物與健康、富足和幸福的家庭聯(lián)系在一起。be associated with與相聯(lián)系。故填with。2 .12020新課標(biāo) II 卷】Oranges: O