八、動詞(第四節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞的概念和用法)

1、導(dǎo)練互動第四節(jié) 情態(tài)動詞的概念和用法 .情態(tài)動詞的根本概念情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，具有一定的感情色彩。 情態(tài)動詞具有以下特點：(1)有一定詞義；(2)不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響；(3)后跟動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(ought to除外)，不能單獨充當(dāng)謂語。 .情態(tài)動詞的根本用法 1can (could)(1)表示能力，could主要指過去時間。如：Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。 Could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學(xué)前能識字嗎？ (2)表示可能(理論上或邏輯判

2、斷上)。如：He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買輛新車。 You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走時勿吸煙，那樣可能會引起火災(zāi)。 (3)表示允許。如：Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？ He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.

3、 他問我是否他可以把書帶出閱覽室。 (4)表驚異、疑心、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否認句、疑問句或感慨句中。如：He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超過六十歲。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心？ (5)比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。如：Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎？ Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。 2may (might) (1)表允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現(xiàn)在時間，語

4、氣更委婉。如：You may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。 He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。 在答復(fù)以may引起的問句時，多防止用這個詞，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等，以免顯得太嚴肅或不客氣。 (2)表可能(事實上)?？梢灾高^去時間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。如：He may be at home. 他可能在家。 She ma

5、y not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。 即學(xué)即用1：(1)May I try on the jeans? Yes, you _. A. shouldB. can C. must D. need(2)May I go surfing alone this afternoon, Dad? No, you _.Its dangerous. A. may notB. cant C. neednt D. dontB B (3)He _ speak a little French when he was five. A. can B. could C. may D. must (4

6、)Our teacher _ be in the office, I saw her leave just now. A. can B. must C. cant D. mustntB C (5)_ you please not speak loudly in the library? Sorry, I wont. A. CanB. Could C. MayD. Must(6)Dad,_I play badminton with Bobby now? Yes, you can. But you have to come back before supper. A. mustB. may C.

7、needD. shouldB B (7)_ I take the magazine out? Im sorry. you _ read it here. A. Could .couldB. Might.might not C. Could.can D. May.must(8)Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. willD C 3must (1)表示義務(wù)。意為“必須(主觀意志)。如：We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循

8、序漸進地做。 You mustnt talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對她說話。答復(fù)以must引起的問句，通常不用mustnt, mustnt 表示禁止、不許可的含義。如：Must we hand in our exercise books now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習(xí)本嗎？ No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不必。 (2)表示揣測。意為“想必、準是、一定等，只用于肯定句。如：He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準是病了。他的臉色蒼白。 Shes wearing a diamond neck

9、lace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴著鉆石項鏈，一定很有錢。 4need作為情態(tài)動詞常用于否認式中，neednt意為“不需要。即學(xué)即用2：(1)Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left. A. may B. must C. can D. need(2)When traffic lights are red, we _ stop and wait. A. may B. can C. must D. mightB C (3)Must I clean the classroom right no

10、w? No, you_. A. dont B. cant C. needntD. mustnt(4)May I park my car here, Sir? _.You may park it over there. A. Yes, you may B. Yes, you can C. No, you needntD. No, you mustntC D (5)All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get(6)Lets go to the Mus

11、eum by taxi. We _ take a taxi. Its not far from here. A. cantB. neednt C. couldntD. mustntA B 5shall (1)表征詢意見，用于第一人稱疑問句。如：Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點茶好嗎？ What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？ (2)表說話人的意愿，有“命令、允諾、警告、決心等意思，用于第二人稱陳述句。如：You shall do as I say. 按我說的做。(命令) You shall have my answer tomo

12、rrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。(允諾) Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項方案。(決心) 即學(xué)即用3：When and where _ we meet?Lets meet at 800am. outside the school gate, _ we?shall shall 6will(1)表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述句。如：I will do anything for you. 我愿為你做任何事。 If you read the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書

13、，我會把它借給你。用neednt或dont have to.(2)表請求，用于疑問句。如：Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點冷。 Wont you drink some more coffee? 再來一點咖啡好嗎？ (3)表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作。如：Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by. 那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點，看著車輛行人通過。 即學(xué)即用

14、4：(1)The Greens _ to China for vacation next month. A. came B. coming C. will comeD. come(2)I _ until the one I love come. A. wont wait B. will wait C. wait D. is waitingC B (3)Dont give up. Studying hard _ you succeed. A. must makeB. is making C. will make D. made(4)There _ a talent show in our sch

15、ool next Friday. A. is going to haveB. was C. will be D. will haveC C 7should (1)表義務(wù)。意為“應(yīng)該(某件事宜于做)，用于各種人稱。如：You should be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。 You shouldnt waste any time. 你不應(yīng)該浪費時間。 (2)表推測，意為“想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計等。如：The film should be very good as it is starring first class actors. 這部新電影是一流演員

16、主演的，估計拍得很好。 They should be home by now. 照說他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)到家了。 即學(xué)即用5：(1)Tomorrow is my mothers birthday. What _ I get for her? A. may B. shall C. should D. might(2)We _ throw litter about in public. A. may not B. couldnt C. wouldntD. shouldntC D 8would (1)表意愿。如：They would not let him in because he was poorl

17、y dressed. 他們不讓他進去因為他衣著破舊。 I said I would do anything for you. 我說過我愿意為你做任何事。 (2)表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。如：Would you like another glass of beer? 再來杯啤酒好嗎？ Would you mind cleaning the window? 請把窗戶擦一下好嗎？ (3)表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。如：Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。即學(xué)即用6：_ you

18、like to go out with me.Yes, Id love to.A. WillB. CanC. HadD. WouldD 9ought to (1)表義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該(因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做)，口氣比should稍重。如：You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親，應(yīng)當(dāng)管他。 You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。 (2)表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱。如：Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韓梅該知道他的 號碼。 Th

19、eres a fine sunset, it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天應(yīng)該是個好天。 即學(xué)即用7：As a student you _ _ do your homework on time.ought to .幾組詞的辨異1can 和be able to(1)情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式can和過去式could，而be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。如：Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。 (

20、2)用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而waswere able to那么表示“過去做成了某事。在否認句中兩者可通用。如：He could swim across the English Channel. But he didnt feel like it that day. 他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。 Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家里。 即學(xué)即用8：(1)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly b

21、ut everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to(2)Ill _ arrive there before the meeting begins. A. can B. able to C. be ableD. be able toD D 2must和 have to must表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事，強調(diào)客觀原因或外力的影響。must沒有過去式。 I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必須戒煙。 We had to get eve

22、rything ready that night. 我們那晚得把一切準備就緒。 即學(xué)即用9：(1)We have no food home, you _ go and get some, Tom. A. must B. have to C. can D. will(2)Jim, shall we go and play tennis. Sounds good, but I _ finish my work first. A. must B. can C. may D. needB A 例1(溫州中考)Is that man Mr Hu?That _ be Mr Hu. Because he h

23、as gone to Japan with his wife. A. couldB. cant C. mightD. must答案B解析根據(jù)所給語境，此題中因為說Mr Hu. has gone to Japan，所以可以明確判斷他去日本還沒有回來，對方提到的哪個人就肯定不可能是Mr Hu，應(yīng)選B?？碱}回放例2(嘉興中考)May I smoke here?No, you _ only do that in the smoking room.A. can B. needC. mustnt D. couldnt答案A解析A。此題考查情態(tài)助動詞may引導(dǎo)的疑問句的肯定答復(fù)。根據(jù)句意，你只可以在吸煙室吸

24、煙，表示允許可以，不是需要或者禁止的意思，應(yīng)選A。 例3(杭州中考)Where is mom now?Im not sure. She _be in the kitchen.A. shall B. mayC. need D. must答案B解析此題給出語境，問媽媽在那里，對方說我不確定不清楚，所以語氣應(yīng)該是沒有很大把握，是不確定的猜測，應(yīng)該用may be 來表達，應(yīng)選B。例4 (湖州中考)Speak louder, please. I _ catch what you are saying.A. mustntB. cantC. needntD. shall not答案B解析本句意為請大聲講，我

25、不能聽到你說的話。cant 表示不能夠，而不是不許可或者不需要，應(yīng)選B。例5(舟山中考)Mum, may I watch TV now?No, you _ finish your homework first.A. mustnt B. mustC. needD. cant答案B解析此題考查情態(tài)助動詞may引導(dǎo)的疑問句的答復(fù)方式，意為你必須首先完成你的家庭作業(yè)，故根據(jù)所給語境選B。例6 (鹽城中考)The desk is not dirty. You _clean it. A. mustntB. shouldntC. needntD. cant答案C解析此題考查情態(tài)動詞need(需要)的根本用法

26、。從句意“桌子不臟可知不需要擦。應(yīng)選C。例7 (福州中考)Dad, must I do my homework now?No, you _ play games with friends for a little while. A. wouldB. neednt C. may答案C解析此題考查情態(tài)動詞may的根本用法。may表許可。從句意“不，你可以和朋友們玩一會兒可判斷C為正確選項。例8 (三亞中考)Will you stay here for supper? Sorry, I _.Ill have to meet my uncle at the station.A. mustntB. ca

27、ntC. needntD. dont答案B解析此題考查情態(tài)動詞can的根本用法。can意為“能夠，從句意“我將去車站接我叔叔可判斷我不能留下來吃晚飯。應(yīng)選B。自主檢測()1.Must I return the book right now？ No, you_. A. wouldntB. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt()2.May I borrow your umbrella? Sorry, I _ lend it to you because it is broken. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. needntC A ()3.Can

28、 you play with a yoyo, Jim? Yes, I _. Its easy. A. must B. can C. need D. may ()4.When the traffic light is red, you_ cross the road. It s very dangerous. A. mustnt B. neednt C. must D. needB A ()5.Its nearly six pm, will you have supper here? Sorry, _. I have many things to do. A. I mustntB. I cant

29、 C. I needntD. I dont ()6.May I go out to play basketball, Dad? No, You _ finish your homework first. A. must B. may C. couldntD. needntBA ()7.Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? No, it_ be him. Mr. Li is much taller. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt D. neednt()8._ you hear me clearly from far away?

30、 Sorry, I cant. Say it again, will you? A. May B. Need C. Must D. CanA D ()9.Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon? Id love to. But Im afraid I _. I have too much work to do. A. cant B. mustnt C. needntD. may not()10.Im sorry I didnt win the game. Well, thats OK. You _ win every time.

31、 A. mustntB. may not C. cant D. shouldntA C ()11.What do drivers do when the traffic lights turn red? They_stop and wait till the green light. A. mustB. can C. may D. need()12.Look! Someone is cutting a tree on the moon. It_ be true, Granny. Mum says there is no air there. A. cantB. mustnt C. may D. shouldA A ()13.Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you _， Ive had enough. A. may notB. must not C. cant D. neednt()14.Will you stay here for supper? Sorry, I _. Ill have to meet my uncle at the station. A.