秘書英語(yǔ)：Unit 14

1、Unit 14 How Does a Secretary Interpret in Negotiations?本單元教學(xué)要求：1 了解學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重要性2 熟悉談判過(guò)程，掌握口譯知識(shí)和方法3 掌握慰問(wèn)信的結(jié)構(gòu)、特點(diǎn)和寫作方法Section 1 Acting as an Interpreter in Negotiations一、 背景知識(shí)口譯是一種綜合運(yùn)用視、聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫、讀等技能的語(yǔ)言操作活動(dòng)?！耙暋笔侵缚谧g者要具有觀察捕捉說(shuō)話者的臉部表情、手勢(shì)體姿、情緒變化等非語(yǔ)言因素的能力?！奥?tīng)”是指口譯者能夠耳聽(tīng)會(huì)意各種帶地方口音和不同語(yǔ)速的話語(yǔ)能力?！罢f(shuō)”是指口譯者能夠用母語(yǔ)和外語(yǔ)進(jìn)行流利而

2、達(dá)意的表達(dá)能力。“寫”是指口譯者在口譯過(guò)程中能夠快速記筆記的能力?！白x”是指口譯者在視譯時(shí)，能夠進(jìn)行快速閱讀和理解的能力?？谧g是一種信息交流，其內(nèi)容包羅萬(wàn)象，所服務(wù)的對(duì)象也是沒(méi)有范圍和界限的。他們來(lái)自不同國(guó)家、不同階層、各個(gè)行業(yè)，有著不同的教育背景和文化背景，聲音高低不同，口音迥異。要想做好口譯工作，口譯者不僅要有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言基本功、流利的雙語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力，還要是一名通曉百世的雜家。二、 課前提問(wèn)：1 What is interpretation?2 Whats the difference between interpretation and translation?3 What are the

3、characteristics of interpretation?4 There are two kinds of interpretation. What are they?5 What do you think is the purpose of interpreting?6 What do you think is important when you act as an interpreter in a negotiation? 三、 語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)1. terms條件，條款：The terms asked for such lodgings are too high.這樣的住處，租金太貴

4、了。the terms of an agreement 契約的條款2. with an eye on著眼于: We redecorated the room with an eye to its future use as a nursery. 我們重新裝飾這間屋子是為了將來(lái)把它用作保育室。3. go through經(jīng)歷：The players have to go through a lot of hard training and practice to achieve success. 運(yùn)動(dòng)員要獲得成功必須經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)期艱苦的訓(xùn)練和練習(xí)。4. so far目前：I havent got any

5、 reply so far. 目前我沒(méi)得到任何回音。5. rock bottom最低的：Prices have hit rock bottom. 價(jià)格已達(dá)最低水平。6. be sure about對(duì)有把握：I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan. 我還無(wú)法確定他們的那個(gè)計(jì)劃的可行性如何。7. stand in ones/the way (to)擋某人的路：Dont let his criticism stand in your way.不要讓他的批評(píng)使你停滯不前。8. meet sb. halfway做讓步，妥協(xié)： Stop

6、arguing about it and lets meet each other halfway. 別再爭(zhēng)了，讓我們互相妥協(xié)吧。9. in other words換句話說(shuō)：In other words, when the wind is blowing at 120 kilometers per hour, most waves will be about twelve meters. 換句話說(shuō)，當(dāng)風(fēng)速為每小時(shí)一百二十公里時(shí)大部分波浪高約為十二米。10. split the difference讓步；妥協(xié)；折中：You say $12 and I say $10, so lets split

7、 the difference and call it $11.你說(shuō)十二美元，我說(shuō)十美元，我們互相讓讓步，就十一美元吧。11. make a profit盈利：He made a penny profit on each orange他每只橘子盈利一便士。四、 參考答案Further Exercises 1. Restudy the dialogue and briefly answer the questions about it.1) What is the good news Mr. Ling has for Mr. Jones?The terms of payment Mr. Jone

8、s proposed were accepted.2) Why did Mr. Lings company accept Mr. Jones proposal? For the sake of future relationship, Mr. Lings company accepted Mr. Jones proposal. 3) What was the first offer of Mr. Lings company for each blouse? Their offer was $ 16.80 for each blouse.4) What was Mr. Jones first c

9、ounteroffer? Mr. Jones first counteroffer was $ 13.50.5) What was Mr. Lings suggestion to reach an agreement?Mr. Jones company should take a further step to increase their counteroffer.6) How will the first and second consignments be paid?The first consignment will be paid by sight L/C and the secon

10、d by sight D/P.2. Make up a dialogue by raising three questions about the dialogues.3. Translate the following sentences into English and look at the disc for a suggested version of each. 1) 我們相信沒(méi)有互相理解和互相讓步，我們的關(guān)系就不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久。We believe that our relationship cannot last long without mutual understanding and

11、 mutual concessions.2) 我看我們應(yīng)該很快回顧一下我們前一段時(shí)間的工作。Perhaps we need a quick review of what weve gone through so far.3) 那可是增加了7%啊。Thats a 7% increase4) 假如我們只考慮自己的利益，我們就不會(huì)同意你建議的付款方式。不是嗎？If we had only thought of our own interest, we wouldnt have accepted the terms of payment you proposed. Right?5) 我不能把產(chǎn)品賣到低

12、于它的真正價(jià)值。I cant sell our blouses under their real value.6) 我們不能因?yàn)檫@一美元的差價(jià)而不簽訂新合同。Lets not have this one dollar difference stand in our way to the new contract.7) 我建議把我們達(dá)成支付條款的做法重復(fù)一次，對(duì)半分。換句話說(shuō)，把差價(jià)一分為二。I suggest we repeat what we did for the terms of payment and meet each other halfway. In other wards, l

13、ets split the difference. 8) 這些女衫將分成兩批交貨, 每批六萬(wàn)件。The blouses will be delivered in two consignments of 60,000 pieces each.4. Interpretation (translate orally the English into Chinese and the Chinese into English) and look at the disc for a suggested version of each. A: Im glad we are likely to conclud

14、e the first transaction with you soon. Weve settled all the questions about price, insurance, packing and shipment. Now what about your terms of payment?A: 即將與你方達(dá)成第一筆交易，我很高興。我們已經(jīng)談妥了價(jià)格、保險(xiǎn)、包裝和運(yùn)輸?shù)葐?wèn)題。付款條件怎么樣呢？B: 你知道，我們要求貨款以保兌的、不可撤銷的、見(jiàn)票即付的信用證支付。B: As you know, we require payment by confirmed, irrevocable

15、 L/C available by draft at sight.A: Im sorry that you insist on payment by L/C. Could you make an exception in our case and accept D/P or D/A?A: 你堅(jiān)持用信用證方式支付，我感到很遺憾。你是否能破例接受付款交單或承兌交單的支付方式呢？B: 恐怕不行。只接受信用證付款是我們的慣例。B: Im afraid not. Its our usual practice to accept payment by L/C only. A: But I hear you

16、 would accept different kinds of payment as China has adopted the “Open Policy” and you are following international practices. A: 但是我聽(tīng)說(shuō)由于中國(guó)實(shí)行了開(kāi)放政策，你們遵照國(guó)際慣例會(huì)采用不同的付款條件。B: 不錯(cuò)，但隨具體情況而定。B: Quite right. But it all depends on specific circumstances.5. Complete the dialogue and look at the disc for a sugges

17、ted version of each. A: As this is the first transaction concluded at a time when the world competition is rather keen, I would suggest that you give us more favorable terms so as to promote trade between two countries. What about D/A?由于這是我們的第一筆交易，加上當(dāng)前國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)相當(dāng)激烈，為了促進(jìn)我們兩國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易，我建議你方給我們一些優(yōu)惠條件。承兌交單怎么樣？B:

18、 對(duì)不起，我們不能這么做。Sorry, it cant be done. A: If thats the case, Ill have no alternative but to accept your terms of payment. By the way, when must I open the L/C if I want the goods to be delivered before Christmas season?既然這樣，我也沒(méi)有選擇的余地了, 只好接受你們的支付條件。順便問(wèn)一下，如果我想在圣誕銷售季節(jié)前拿到貨物，應(yīng)何時(shí)開(kāi)立信用證？B: 在規(guī)定裝船前一個(gè)月開(kāi)立信用證。A mo

19、nth before date of shipment.A: All right. Ill have the L/C opened by fax early next week.好吧。下周初，我會(huì)用傳真開(kāi)給你們信用證。B: 好，謝謝你的合作。Thatll be fine. Thank you for your cooperation.A: Im glad weve concluded the transaction. I look forward to your shipping advice by fax.很高興我們達(dá)成了交易。我期待你們用傳真發(fā)給我裝船通知。B: 一定，謝謝你的光臨，再見(jiàn)。

20、Sure I will. Thank you for coming. Good-bye. A: Bye.再見(jiàn)。6. As one of the roles, report to your superior on what is going on here.五、 課文譯文第一部分在談判中做口譯 C: 你好，瓊斯先生。我給你帶來(lái)了好消息。B: 是嗎？C: 今天上午我們同意接受你關(guān)于付款方式的建議。B: 非常感謝，凌先生。C: 我們接受你的建議，是著眼于我們未來(lái)的關(guān)系。我們相信沒(méi)有互相理解和互相讓步，我們的關(guān)系不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久。 B: 我完全同意。C: 很好。也許現(xiàn)在是重新談價(jià)格問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。B: 好啊。C

21、: 我看我們應(yīng)該很快回顧一下我們前一段時(shí)間的工作。我們的報(bào)價(jià)是每件16.80美元，你們的還盤是14.40美元。 B: 對(duì)不起，我們第一次還盤是13.50美元。C: 好吧。假如那是你們首次還盤，你們后來(lái)增加到14.40美元。B: 那可是增加了7%啊。C: 好。然后，我們也相應(yīng)地把報(bào)價(jià)減少了90美分，變成15. 90美元。所以下面一步該你們走了。B: 我告訴過(guò)你，我們已一步也走不了了。C: 你看，瓊斯先生，假如我們只考慮自己的利益，我們就不會(huì)同意你建議的付款方式。不是嗎？B: 好吧。我把價(jià)格漲到14.90美元。C: 15.90美元是我們的底價(jià)。我不能把產(chǎn)品賣到低于它的真正價(jià)值。B: 14.90美元

22、，不能再加了。C: 不要那么肯定。我們不能因?yàn)檫@一美元的差價(jià)而不簽訂新合同。B: 的確如此。C: 因此我建議把我們達(dá)成支付條款的做法重復(fù)一次，互相妥協(xié)一下。換句話說(shuō)，折中一下。B: 這樣就是15.40美元。坦率地說(shuō), 我懷疑我們還能否賺到利潤(rùn)。C: 瓊斯先生，用不著那么悲觀, 你要賣的是世界上最有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的女衫。B: 好吧，按你說(shuō)的辦。C: 好，我們終于達(dá)成協(xié)議了。我小結(jié)一下。我們賣給你們十二萬(wàn)件女衫，每件新港離岸價(jià)15.40美元。這些女衫將分成兩批交貨。第一批用即期信用證支付，第二批用即期付款交單方式支付。我說(shuō)得對(duì)嗎？B: 對(duì)。 六、 課文錄音全文(C: Zhang Yi is interpr

23、eting for A: Mr. Ling Yun while he is negotiating with B: Mr. Jones.)Part 1A: 你好瓊斯先生。我給你帶來(lái)了好消息。C: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. Ive got good news for you.B: Yes?C: 是嗎？A: 今天上午我們同意接受你關(guān)于付款方式的建議。C: This morning we agreed to accept the terms of payment you proposed.B: Thank you so much, Mr. Ling.C: 非常感謝，凌先生

24、。A: 我們接受你的建議，是著眼于我們的未來(lái)關(guān)系。我們相信沒(méi)有互相理解和互相讓步，我們的關(guān)系就不會(huì)長(zhǎng)久。C: We accept your proposal with an eye on our future relationship. We believe that our relationship cannot last long without mutual understanding and mutual concessions.B: I couldnt agree more.C: 我完全同意。A: 很好。也許現(xiàn)在是重新談價(jià)格問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。C: Well, maybe its time

25、 to go back to the issue of price. B: Okay.C: 好啊。A: 我看我們應(yīng)該很快回顧一下我們前一段時(shí)間的工作。我們的報(bào)價(jià)是每件16.80美元，你們的還盤是14.40美元。 C: Perhaps we need a quick review of what weve gone through so far. Our offer was $16.80 for each blouse, and your counteroffer was $14.40. B: Im sorry, but our first counteroffer was $13.50.C:

26、對(duì)不起，我們第一次還盤是13.50美元。A: 好吧。假如那是你們首次還盤，你們后來(lái)增加到14.40美元。C: Well, if that was your first counteroffer, then you increased it to $14.40.B: Thats a 7% increase.C: 那可是增加了7%啊。A: 好。然后，我們也相應(yīng)地把報(bào)價(jià)減少了90美分，變成15. 90美元。所以下面一步該你們走了。C: Okay. Then we responded by cutting our offer also by 90 cents and made it $15.90. S

27、o the next step, naturally, should be taken by you. B: Ive already told you that we couldnt move any more.C: 我告訴過(guò)你，我們?cè)僖膊荒芗觾r(jià)了。Part 2 A: 你看，瓊斯先生，假如我們只考慮自己的利益，我們就不會(huì)同意你建議的付款方式。不是嗎？C: Look, Mr. Jones. If we had only thought of our own interest, we wouldnt have accepted the terms of payment you proposed.

28、Right?B: All right. Let me make it $14.90.C: 好吧。 我把價(jià)格漲到14.90美元。A: 15.90美元是我們的底價(jià)。我不能把產(chǎn)品賣到低于它的真正價(jià)值。C: $15.90 is my rock bottom price. I cant sell our blouses under their real value.B: $14.90, I cant go any further. C: 14.90美元，不能再加了。A: 不要那么肯定。我們不能因?yàn)檫@一美元的差價(jià)而不簽訂新合同。C: Well, dont be so sure about that. Le

29、ts not have this one dollar difference stand in our way of the new contract.B: Thats true. C: 的確如此。A: 因此我建議把我們達(dá)成支付條款的做法重復(fù)一次，對(duì)半分。換句話說(shuō)，把差價(jià)一分為二。C: So I suggest we repeat what we did for the terms of payment and meet each other halfway. In other words, lets split the difference. B: Then it would be $15.

30、40. Frankly, I doubt if we can make any profit at this price. C: 這樣就是15.40美元。坦率地說(shuō),我懷疑我們還能否賺到利潤(rùn)。A: 瓊斯先生，用不著那么悲觀, 你要賣的是世界上最有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的女衫。C: Mr. Jones, you neednt be so pessimistic. What you will sell are the most competitive blouses in the world.B: Well, Ill take your word for it. C: 好吧，按你說(shuō)的辦。A: 好，我們終于達(dá)成協(xié)議了

31、。我小結(jié)一下。我們賣給你們十二萬(wàn)件女衫，每件新港離岸價(jià)15.40美元。這女衫將分成兩批交貨。第一批用即期信用證支付，第二批用即期付款交單方式支付。我說(shuō)得對(duì)嗎？C: Great. Weve come to an agreement at last. Let me make a quick summary. Well sell you 120,000 blouses at US$15.40 per piece FOB Xingang. The blouses will be delivered in two consignments of 60,000 pieces each. The first

32、 consignment will be paid by sight L/C and the second by sight D/P. Am I correct? B: Yes.C: 對(duì)。Section 2 Interpreting Effectively一、 背景知識(shí)對(duì)口譯的要求是快、準(zhǔn)、順?！翱臁敝傅氖钦f(shuō)話者話音一落，譯員就得把他講話的重要信息傳達(dá)給對(duì)方?！皽?zhǔn)”指準(zhǔn)確地把最基本的、實(shí)質(zhì)性的內(nèi)容譯出，即說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn)、要點(diǎn)，包括數(shù)字、日期、地名、人名以及人的職務(wù)或職稱等等，而不是譯出每一個(gè)字、每一句話?！绊槨敝刚Z(yǔ)言順暢。由于交談雙方全靠聽(tīng)譯員的話來(lái)獲取信息，如果譯員口譯不順，交談雙方或一方聽(tīng)不

33、懂，就會(huì)影響交流的效果，增加交流的困難。在口譯中，靈活比“完美”更加重要。一時(shí)找不到合適的對(duì)應(yīng)詞時(shí)，要運(yùn)用釋義、意譯的辦法靈活應(yīng)對(duì)，但是，靈活是有一定限度的，不可任意發(fā)揮，任意刪減或增添，要以忠實(shí)于說(shuō)話者的中心思想為原則。二、 課前提問(wèn)：1 If you are assigned to interpret in a negotiation, what preparations do you think you should make?2 Do you think it is necessary to interpret every word the speaker says?3 In inte

34、rpreting, what should you pay special attention to?4 How should you take notes while interpreting for others?5 What do you think is the biggest challenge to an interpreter?6 In order to be a good interpreter in the future, what should you do in your spare time?三、 語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)1. work as作為：She works as a secr

35、etary in a big company. 她在一家大公司做秘書。 2. participate in參加：In university, you have many opportunities to participate in activities you are interested in.在大學(xué)，你有很多機(jī)會(huì)參加你感興趣的活動(dòng)。3. a range of范圍：a wide rage of temperature氣溫變化很大4. term術(shù)語(yǔ)：legal terms法律術(shù)語(yǔ)；technical terms專門術(shù)語(yǔ)5. as well也，和（通常放在句末）：Would you pleas

36、e bring an umbrella and a raincoat as well? 請(qǐng)你帶把雨傘和一件雨衣過(guò)來(lái)，好嗎？辨析as well as也，和，用來(lái)連接前后兩個(gè)成分：Would you please bring an umbrella as well as a raincoat? 請(qǐng)你帶把雨傘和一件雨衣過(guò)來(lái)，好嗎？6. and the like諸如此類，等等：We are studying painting, music, arithmetic and the like. 我們學(xué)習(xí)繪畫、音樂(lè)、算術(shù)等等。7. grasp a/the chance抓住機(jī)會(huì)：Grasp the chanc

37、e or youll regret. 抓住機(jī)會(huì)否則你會(huì)后悔的。8. beforehand事前，預(yù)先：He was to have spoken at the meeting, but he fell ill beforehand.他本要在會(huì)議上發(fā)言，但他事先生病了。He has the habit of getting everything ready beforehand. 他習(xí)慣于事先把一切準(zhǔn)備好。9. get/be familiar with熟悉：It took him some time to get familiar with his duties.他花了一段時(shí)間熟悉他的職責(zé)。10.

38、 play arole扮演角色，起作用：Computer plays an increasingly important role in peoples life. 計(jì)算機(jī)在人們生活中起到越來(lái)越來(lái)重要的作用。11. fail to do sth.沒(méi)能做成：He never fails to keep his promise. 他從不失信。Dont fail to let me know when you return. 千萬(wàn)讓我知道你何時(shí)回來(lái)。12. go hand in hand with與同步：Power and money go hand in hand. 權(quán)和錢密不可分。Dirt an

39、d disease go hand in hand. 骯臟與疾病是密切相關(guān)的。13. vary fromto隨而不同：The weather varies from hour to hour. 天氣時(shí)時(shí)在變化。四、 參考答案III. Further exercises1. Restudy the passage and briefly answer the questions about it.1) To be a competent interpreter, what kind of knowledge should a secretary have?As an interpreter, t

40、he secretary should have a wide range of knowledge not only of politics, economics, trade and management, world history, and even relevant natural sciences, but also some terms and some special vocabulary as well.2) During the process of interpreting, what is the first thing for a secretary to do?Du

41、ring the process of interpreting, the first thing for a secretary to do is to listen to the speaker carefully to understand his real meaning, his basic argument and motive.3) What should an interpreter do to raise memory efficiency? To increase the memory efficiency, an interpreter should make his m

42、emory go hand in hand with note-taking.4) In what language should an interpreter take notes? An interpreter should take notes in the target language. 5) Should an interpreter write down as many words as possible? What words should he write down? An interpreter should write down only the key words or

43、 some useful formulas from what is heard.6) What are the basic points to remember in interpretation?They are as follows:1. Take notes in the target language.2. Only write down the key words or some important formula of what is heard. 3. Write two short slants to show the speakers pause while listeni

44、ng. 4. Use the conventional abbreviations and initials of the mentioned proper names of some international organizations and institutions. Here are some commonly used abbreviations: i.e. (that is); e.g. (for example); i/e (import and export); Q1, Q2, Q3 (1st, 2nd, 3rd quarter of the year); B4 (befor

45、e); bt (but); You can create your own abbreviations to use in the future. 5. Fill in the blanks with articles if necessary and look at the disc for a suggested version of each.1) As an interpreter, he should have _a_ wide range of knowledge. 2) Interpret _the_ gist of the idea when you fail to memor

46、ize all the speakers words.3) The way of remembering varies from _person to person. 4) Take notes in _the_ target language.5) Only write down _the_ key words or some important formula of what is heard.6. Write out the right form of the given verb for each blank and look at the disc for a suggested v

47、ersion of each. 1) A secretary sometimes _works_ (work) as an interpreter for the boss to _participate_ (participate) in some business negotiations.2) For interpreting, here _goes_ (go) the simple process of it.3) The first and foremost important thing _to do_ (do) is _to listen_ (listen) to the spe

48、aker carefully. 4) There are some basic points _shared_ (share) in interpretation.5) Write two short slants _to show_ (show) the speakers stop while _listening_ (listen).7. Group discussion. 1) What should a secretary do to prepare for the interpretation of a business negotiation? 2) What principles

49、 should an interpreter bear in mind when doing note-taking? 8. Translate the following Chinese sentences into English and look at the disc for a suggested version of each. 1) 國(guó)際貿(mào)易方面，口譯人員就要對(duì)如底價(jià)，付款交單和承兌交單，離岸價(jià)格，到岸價(jià)格，信用證，關(guān)稅壁壘，世界貿(mào)易組織等術(shù)語(yǔ)了如指掌。Concerning international trade, an interpreter should have at hi

50、s fingertips such expressions as floor price, D/P or D/A, FOB, CIF, L/C, tariff barrier, WTO and the like. 2) 在這之前要抓住一切機(jī)會(huì)和發(fā)言者交談以熟悉他的口音并獲取更多信息。Grasp every chance to talk to the speaker beforehand so as to get familiar with his accent and get more information.3) 記憶的內(nèi)容是保證翻譯準(zhǔn)確的重要因素。Memory always plays t

51、he major role in ensuring accurate interpretation.4) 為了提高記憶的效率，口譯人員通常要在記憶的同時(shí)作記錄。To raise his memory efficiency, an interpreter should make his memory go hand in hand with note-taking.5) 對(duì)于提到的國(guó)際組織機(jī)構(gòu)，用傳統(tǒng)的縮略語(yǔ)或首字母縮寫記錄。Use the conventional abbreviations and initials of the mentioned proper names of some

52、international organizations and institutions.9. Dictation. Note-taking serves as an aid to memory on the spot, so you do not have to take down every word being spoken. You only need to take down the key words that represent the main ideas and numbers and figures. Your note must have a clear presenta

53、tion or pattern which indicates the logical development of the speakers ideas. This will help your interpretation sensible and coherent. Besides, symbols, abbreviations and diagrams may also be used to make your note-taking faster.五、 課文譯文第二部分 商務(wù)口譯 有時(shí)秘書要作為老板的翻譯參加商務(wù)談判。作為口譯人員，他必須博聞強(qiáng)識(shí)，不僅要知道關(guān)于政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，貿(mào)易，管

54、理，世界歷史，甚至相關(guān)的自然科學(xué)知識(shí)，還要知道某些專有名詞術(shù)語(yǔ)。比如，國(guó)際貿(mào)易方面，口譯人員就要對(duì)如底價(jià)，付款交單和承兌交單，離岸價(jià)格，到岸價(jià)格，信用證，關(guān)稅壁壘，世界貿(mào)易組織等術(shù)語(yǔ)了如指掌，既知道這些詞的含義，又知道其中文對(duì)等語(yǔ)。 下面是口譯的簡(jiǎn)要過(guò)程：首先，也是最重要的就是仔細(xì)聆聽(tīng)講話，理解發(fā)言者真正的意圖、基本觀點(diǎn)和動(dòng)機(jī)。在這之前要抓住一切機(jī)會(huì)和發(fā)言者交談以熟悉他的口音并獲取更多信息。其次，口譯人員要努力盡量多地記下發(fā)言者所講的話。記憶的內(nèi)容是保證翻譯準(zhǔn)確的重要因素。第三，如果沒(méi)有記下所有的話語(yǔ)，就翻譯出話語(yǔ)的要旨。如果發(fā)言者一次講得太多，沒(méi)有給你時(shí)間翻譯，那你也不必譯出他講的每一個(gè)詞。

55、為了提高記憶的效率，口譯人員通常要在記憶的同時(shí)作記錄。每個(gè)人記憶的方式不同。下面是一些口譯中普遍采用的基本方法： 1. 用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言作記錄.2. 只記錄聽(tīng)到的關(guān)鍵詞和重要公式。3. 用兩條短斜杠表示講話者的停頓。4. 對(duì)于提到的國(guó)際組織機(jī)構(gòu)，用傳統(tǒng)的縮略語(yǔ)或首字母紀(jì)錄。下面是一些常用的縮略語(yǔ)：i.e.（也就是說(shuō)）；e.g.（例如）；i/e （進(jìn)出口）；Q1, Q2, Q3 (第一、二、三季度); B4 (before之前); bt (but 但是);你也可以自創(chuàng)縮略語(yǔ)將來(lái)使用。六、 課文錄音全文（Section 2） A secretary sometimes works as an inter

56、preter for the boss to participate in business negotiations. As an interpreter, he should have a wide range of knowledge not only of politics, economics, trade, management and world history, but also in relevant natural sciences including some terms and some special vocabulary as well. For example,

57、concerning international trade, an interpreter should have at his fingertips such expressions as floor price, D/P or D/A, FOB, CIF, L/C, tariff barrier, WTO and the like, knowing each Chinese equivalence and its meaning at the same time. This is the simple process necessary for interpreting: The first and most important thing to do is to listen to the speaker carefully to understand his real meaning,