2022屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析的基本方法講義

1、PAGE PAGE 5句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析的基本方法一、基本句型和句子的基本成分基本句型就是句子的主干，其他部分都是修飾成分。基本句型的組成成分主語（subject）謂語（predicate）賓語（object）補語（complement）表語（predicative）基本句型SV (vi.)She is sleeping.He cried.My ring has gone!SVO (vt; vi + prep.)He bought a house.He will leave China.They are looking at us!SVOOTom gave me a book.I have boug

2、ht my son a bike.They will lend me their car.SVOCThe letter made me angry.He heard her singing.The message left me confused.SVPI am a student.She seems kind.He felt bad.二、單詞在句子中作成分詞的類別及用法名詞(noun)：作主語、賓語、表語、定語I planted several trees in the garden.They are women doctors.This is the story of the hero.動

3、詞（verb）：作謂語He wakened when the alarm sounded.The alarm wakened him.The thief broke into the ministers villa last weekend. They broke up after two years marriage.形容詞（adjective）：作定語（修飾名詞、代詞）和表語The weather is fine today.What fine weather!副詞（adverb）：作狀語（修飾動詞、形容詞）She screamed excitedly.I bought an extrem

4、ely large house.介詞（preposition）：用在名詞或代詞前，表示處所、位置、時間、方法等連詞（conjunction）：用以連接詞、詞組和句子的詞二、從句在句子中作成分名詞性從句（Noun Clause）：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句That he has divorced several times is well known.Which design is more feasible is still a question.They tell me (that) the math course is difficult.I wonder whether t

5、he refrigerator is large enough.I will tell you what I know about the whole event.My problem is how we can reduce this high temperature.The fact that his grandma had died caused him a great deal of distress.形容詞性從句（Attributive Clause），又稱定語從句、關(guān)系從句The road which lead to the small town has been widened.

6、The man you are talking to is our dean.This is the shelf where (on which) I keep my books.副詞從句（Adverbial Clause）：時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步When the manager is out, his assistant signed the letter.Please put this suitcase wherever you can find enough space.He checked all the figures again in order that the

7、 report would be accurate.Steel has many advantages so that it is widely used in industry.If the car is powered by electricity, there will be less pollution.He will not reveal the secret though he knows it.句子成分劃分練習(xí) The hospital has 90 doctors, of whom 40 are women. The clerk I delivered the letter t

8、o said that he didnt know anything about it. In an age when waste today means a lack tomorrow, making full use of every available resource becomes more and more important. Whatever it is youve found, you must give it back to the person it belongs to. If you run into difficulties, consult me before y

9、ou proceed. Because of what scientists have done, the heavens have becomes a part of mans world.He made a suggestion that they carry on their conversation in English.二、非謂語動詞在句子中作成分 a. 不定式（infinitive）動詞不定式的形式主 動被 動現(xiàn)在式to writeto be written進行式to be writing完成式to have writtento have been written不定式作主語To

10、serve the people well is our duty.It will take several hours to get there on foot.不定式作表語Your main task now is to improve the quality of the products.He appears to have caught a cold.不定式作賓語(expect, begin, decide, plan, pretend, promise, try, want, pretend)They begin to write their papers.We have lear

11、nt to operate the computer.We found it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.I consider it necessary to collect sufficient data for our research.不定式作定語This is the best way to solve the problem.There are a lot of sheets mend.不定式作狀語(表目的、結(jié)果、原因等)I have come to see you.In 1927 she left home

12、never to return.I am sorry to hear that.不定式作補語(allow, ask, want, wish/ have, let, make, see, hear) Many parents allow their children to make their own decisions.The trainer made the elephant dance before audience.b. 分詞 (participle)分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞：主 動被 動現(xiàn)在式writingBeing written完成式Having writtenHaving been w

13、ritten過去分詞： written分詞作定語The growing plants in our garden need more sunlight and water.There are nine known planets in the solar system.The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 1980.Most of the kinds of tools made out of iron are very old.分詞作狀語Finding no one at home, he left the ho

14、use in a bad temper.Given the opportunity, he might well have become an outstanding engineer.Not knowing his address, I cant visit him personally.Having heard the story before, she didnt want to hear it again.Having been fed by her mother, the baby sat on the bed playing toys.The truck stopped sudde

15、nly, (thus) causing the accident.She went down the steps into the kitchen, followed by her little daughter.Sitting still on a stone, the frog is waiting for something to eat.分詞作補語 He watched the workmen chopping the trees.The experiment has kept the scientists staying in the cave for many days.I had

16、 my recorder repaired.分詞作表語His story is amusing.His fine qualities remain unchanged.c. 動名詞 (gerund)Swimming is never as fast as running.Our duty is programming the computer.They began studying psychology last week.句子成分劃分練習(xí) It is important to consider the cost of a material when we choose it for a ce

17、rtain job. To understand how a price system works we look briefly at the forces of supply and demand. Edison often forgot to eat his meals, for he thought life to be so short. New and better material are needed if outer space is to be conquered and if mans hundreds of other dreams are to come true. At the time of Columbus people didnt believe the earth to be round. Marco Polo was the first European ever to travel to the east and to return with a story to tell. Ecology is the science concerning the relationship of living things to their environment. Entering the room, she found her child climb