最全非謂語動詞講解(超全超實用)

1、非謂語動詞講解非謂語動詞: a、動詞不定式 b 、 v-ing c、 過去分詞概述:1、謂語動詞:在句子中擔(dān)任謂語得動詞 2、非謂語動詞:就是動詞得特殊形式,在句中可以作除謂語外得所 有成分非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中, 已經(jīng)存在一個主句(謂語動詞),又沒有連詞得情況 下, 還有別得動詞出現(xiàn)時。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat、She got off the bus, butleft her handbag on her seat、動詞不定式一.動詞不定式得時態(tài)與被動形式動詞不定式就是非謂語動詞得一種, 由不定式符號(t

2、o)加動詞原形 構(gòu)成。不定式得形式有五種:1、一般式 to do I like to read English、2、進(jìn)行式 to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time、3、完成式 to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room、4、被動式 to be done The work is to be done soon、5、完成被動式 to have been doneThe boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday

3、、疑問詞+動詞不定式What, who, which, where, when, how, why 等疑問詞構(gòu)成不定式短 語,這種短語在句子中可作主語、賓語與表語等成分。二、 動詞不定式得用法I、作主語(1)不定式做主語時,可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。To see is to believe.Not to get there in time is your fault、(2)注:常用it 做形式主語,將 to do 位于之后,使句子保持平衡。句型 1:It + 謂語 +(+sb 、)+時間/金錢+ to doIt takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus、It

4、 costs you only $ 100 a month to cook at home、It seemed impossible to save money、句型 2:Its + n、 (+ for sb) + to doIts our duty _to_ help the poor、It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the countryside、It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party 、 句型 3: It is + adj (+ fo

5、r sb) to do sth(就是形容事物得性質(zhì)得 ) It is + adj (+ of sb) to do sth(就是形容人得品質(zhì)得 )It is easy for me to finish this work before ten、It is very kind of you to give me some help、Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that、疑問詞+不定式 作主語When to start remains undecided、1 、 It is easy to get there by bus or

6、taxi、2 、 It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds、3 、 It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when you are eating、4 、 Its our duty to take good care of the old、5 、 How long did it take you to finish the work?6 、 It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says、7 、 When to s

7、tart has not been decided、8 、 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything、9 、 Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it、10 、 It is useful for our health to do morning exercises、II、作賓語接不定式做賓語 I want to know this matter、I dont expect to meet you here(1)常見動詞有:like, demand, exp

8、ect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, fail, manage, learn, seem, forget, want, prepare, pretend, plan, wish 等They want to get_( get ) on the bus, didnt they?He said he wished to be_( be ) a professor、(2)it 作形式賓語I find/feel to work with him interesting .I find/feel it interesting to work with him.S

9、ubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth、 1 、We thought _it_ better _to_ start early、2 、Do you consider _it_ better not _to_ go?3 、 I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that、4 、We think it _ important _ to _ obey the law、5、I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in

10、a day、(3)疑問詞+不定式 作賓語常常放在這些動詞得后面作賓語:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain He taught us how to use the tool、No one could tell me where to get the book、The dictionary didnt tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word、(4) 作介詞 but, except, besides 得賓語。Cant choose but doCan

11、t help but do/have no choice to doDo nothing but doPractice:1 、 Would you like to go to Thailand? (would like to do sth、)2 、 The driver failed to see the other car in time、3 、 I think it our duty to obey the laws、4 、 Do you know how to play football?5 、 I found it difficult to see him here、6 、 Here

12、are some ideas about how to find cheap, fun things to do with your family on weekends、7 、 Many people like to go to a restaurant、8 、 I havent decided whether to go or stay、9 、 Everyone wants to have a happy weekend、10 、 She hope Ill advise her which to choose、III、作賓語補足語1 、 Ill get someone _to_ repai

13、r the recorder for you、2 、 What caused him _to_ change his mind? v 、+ sb 、+ to doadvise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+ sb 、 to do注意:(1)在動詞 feel (一感),hear, listen to(二聽),have, let, make(三 使),

14、notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五瞧)(即:吾瞧三室兩廳一感 覺)等后面得補足語中,不定式不帶 to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后,必須帶 to。v 、+ sb 、+ doLets go to Thailand right now 、 (let sb 、 do sth 、)They saw the boy fall off the tree、 (see sb 、 do sth 、)The boy was seen to fall off the tree、He is often heard to sing (sing) the song、Though he oft

15、en made his deskmate cry (cry)、Today he was made to cry(cry) by his deskmate 、 (make sb 、 do sth 、)(2)help 后面作賓語補足語得不定式可以帶 to,也可以不帶to、 I often help him(to)clean the room 、 help sb 、 (to) do sth 、I helped him (to) find his things、比較:The professor told the students how to do the experiment 、 The profe

16、ssor told the students to do the experiment、Practice:1 、 No one lets you sit in the office、2 、 I want you to know some rules、3 、 I heard her sing today 、 She sang wonderful、4 、 We watched the children play games、5 、 Do you feel the house shake?6 、The boss made the workers work for 12 hours a day、7 、

17、 We were made to make ten sentences with these words、8 、 Im waiting for Tom to give the answer、9 、 Would you like her sing a song for us?10 、 Did anyone notice a strange man e into the bank?IV.作定語I have something to tell you 、 (不定式作定語)1、被修飾詞就是不定式得邏輯主語 She is always the last to leave the room 、 We ne

18、ed someone to help with the work 、 She is always the first to answer questions、2、不定式用來說明所修飾詞得內(nèi)容 I have no chance to go there、He made a promise to be a good boy、There is no need to build a dam on the small river、3 、 不定式與它所修飾得詞有動賓關(guān)系Do you have anything to wash today?One of the most interesting places

19、to visit in Singapore is Bird Park、不定式為不及物動詞且與所修飾得名詞就是動賓關(guān)系時,須加介 詞He bought a cup to drink water with、I have nothing to plain about、He is looking for a room to live in、Practice:1 、 Each member can choose a film for the evening to watch together、2 、 He sat down at a table and waited for someone to tak

20、e his order、3 、Is this the best way to help him?4 、 Please give me something to drink、5 、 She has a child to take care of、6 、 He is not the kind of man to do such things、7 、 It is already time to begin our class、8 、 Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech、9 、 She bought a bookshelf to

21、put her books on、10 、You are the only person to be late、V、作狀語 不定式作狀語可以表示目得、原因、結(jié)果。 I came here to see you.(目得)We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there 、 (結(jié)果) (1)作目得狀語 表示謂語動作得目得,其邏輯主語通常就是句子 得主語。強調(diào)動詞不定式所表示得目得時,動詞不定式可用in order to +V 、 (原形)so as to +V 、 (原形)

22、但 so as to 不用于句首。The student saved much money to buy a new mobile phone、 He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus 、 = In order to catch the first bus, he got up early、People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced diet tosatisfy (satisfy) their nutritional needs 、 (2) 作結(jié)果狀語不

23、定式作結(jié)果狀語時,多表示出乎意料得結(jié)果,其邏輯主語通常就 是句子得主語。作結(jié)果狀語得不定式通常用一般式,為了表示強調(diào) 可在不定式前加上 only、I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone、 We came home to find our garden neat and tidy、不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,常用于 so as to ,such as to , enough to , too to ,only to 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:She was so late to miss half of the lecture

24、、She is such a good teacher as to be repected by all her students、 The house is large enough to hold two hundred people、The hat is too large to wear、He walks too slowly to get there on time、(3)作原因狀語。 不定式與情感類形容詞連用時,大多表示原因, 用來作原因狀語。這類形容詞主要有:happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted,

25、 dissapointed 等。They were surprised to be informed of the news、She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted、Practice:1 、Im glad to show you around the zoo on such a beautiful day、2 、 When people are too tired to cook after work, they often get a “takeaway”、3 、 Tart apples are used to ma

26、ke apple sauce、4 、 One day he went to a cafeteria to have lunch、5 、 I am too tired to think of anything now、6 、I work hard to pass the exam、7 、You couldnt do that to save your life、8 、 The tea is too hot to drink、9 、 English is too difficult for me to learn、10 、 This question is too hard for me to a

27、nswer、 作表語動詞不定式往往放在連系動詞 be 得后面作表語。(1)常說明主語得內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征My wish is to bee a teacher、Your job today is to clean the playground、To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to yourself、My suggestion is to put off the meeting、(2)動詞不定式作表語,表示將來They are to marry next week、You are to deliver these flowers before 10疑問

28、詞+不定式 作表語The question is where to get the medicine、The difficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of money、Practice1 、 His dream is to be a doctor、2 、 The next step is to turn on the TV、3 、 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children、4 、 Now my task is to finis

29、h the position、5 、 The question was how to do the job well、不定式得主動形式表示被動意義I have something important to do、In the accident, the driver was to blame、This question is difficult to answer、The box is not easy to carry、動詞不定式綜合練習(xí)1 、I want to give up this job but I have to support my family、2 、 It will be d

30、ifficult to live like this after they take back the house next July、3 、 It took me 3 days to learn the English song、4 、 The passage tells you what to do in the first few minutes、5 、 Everyone should know how to call for help in their area、6 、 The teachers also help them to do these things、7 、 To be a

31、 winner, you need to give all you have and try your best、8 、 Which of them would you most like to visit?9 、 I feel it my duty to help others、10 、 The earth is better place to live on, but scientists are trying to make the best use of the moon、11、 The birthday child wears new clothes to mark the spec

32、ial time、12 、 A flag is flown outside a window to show that someone who lives in that house is having a birthday、13 、 The best way to improve your English is to join an English club、14、 Something is still to find out、16 、 How to make requests politely is important、17 、 You must be patient and persis

33、tent if you are to succeed、18 、 It was necessary for her to talk with his mother、19 、 As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge、20 、 Id invite her to have dinner at my house、21 、 He was found to steal in the shop、22 、 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in

34、 the Olympic Games23 、 The man downstairs found it difficult to fall asleep、24 、 Do you have the ability to read and write English ?25 、 The Browns have a fortable house to live in、26 、 There is nothing to worry about、27 、 I allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes、28 、 The d

35、octor advised me not to go to bed too late、29 、 We want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams、30 、 Did you find it hard to solve the problem?動詞得 ing 形式(v-ing/doing)一、 動詞得 ing 得基本構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)being donehaving been done主動語態(tài)doinghaving done一般式完成式No one likes being laughed at、I dont remember having ever been given

36、a chance to do it、二、 v-ing 得功用v-ing 相當(dāng)于 adj 、 adv 、 n、得功能,所以,在句中可以作:主語, 賓語,定語,狀語,表語,賓語補足語1 、 作主語Smoking does great harm to peoples health、 Helping her is my duty、Collecting stamps is a good hobby、與動詞不定式作主語得區(qū)別。(1)V-ing 形式作主語,表示一般性、經(jīng)常性得動作。 表示一次性得動作多用不定時。Walking/To walk is a good form of exercise for b

37、oth young and old、To walk there /Walking there is impossible、(2)不定式作主語常用it 作形式主語,v-ing 作主語常位于句首。只 有某些習(xí)慣用語如 no use, no good 作表語用時,才用 it 作其她形式 主語。It is no good/use doing sth、It is a waste of time/money doing sth、It is great fun doing sth、It is no use watching too much TV、It is no good talking to him,

38、because he never listens 、 (3)句子主語若就是不定式,主語也用不定式;句子表語若就是v-ing,主語也用 v-ing。To see is to believe 、/Seeing is believing、Talking to him is talking to a wall、2 、 作表語, 表抽象得,一般得行為,表主語得特征、性質(zhì)與內(nèi)容。 It sounds interesting、The book seems boring、My job is looking after children、3 、 作賓語,既可以作動詞得賓語,也可以作介詞得賓語。 She sat

39、there without speaking、以下動詞或短語只 v-ing 形式作賓語:admit(承認(rèn)), avoid(避免,躲避), appreciate(感激), consider(考慮), enjoy(享受,喜歡), escape(逃脫), finish(完成), keep doing(一直做), mind(介意), suggest(建議), delay(耽誤), deny(否認(rèn)), excuse(原諒), practice(練習(xí)), resist(抗拒)等動詞。I have finished reading the novel、Do you mind buying a diction

40、ary for me on the Internet ? The little boy admitted taking away the money in the drawer、 She kept waving to her husband until he was out of sight、cant help(禁不住), give up(放棄), feel like(想要), keep on(繼續(xù)), think of(考慮), set about(著手,開始做), dream of(夢見,夢想), have difficulty/trouble (in)(做 有困難), be busy (

41、in)( 忙于), put off( 推遲) 等短語。When my father heard the news, he couldnt help laughing、 I dont feel like going to see the film、He was busy (in) preparing his lessons、He kept on working until midnight though he was tied 、 在下列短語中,to 就是介詞,后面應(yīng)用 v-ing 作賓語。be/get used to, look forward to, devote to, pay atten

42、tion to, object to, get down to 等。I look forward to seeing him again、Are you used to living there alone?下列動詞或短語,既可以跟v-ing 作賓語,也可以跟不定式作賓語, 但意義上有區(qū)別。表示經(jīng)常性得行為后接 v-ing;love, like, prefer, hate表示具體得行為常用動詞不定式。 I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon、但要注意,如果 like, love, prefer 前有 would,后面擇接動

43、詞不定式。 Would you like to go shopping with me?What would you prefer to eat tonight?下面幾組詞接 v-ing 作賓語與動詞不定式作賓語含義不同。 doing sth 、 忘記已做過某事。forgetto do sth 、 忘記要做某事doing sth、記得做過某事rememberto do sth 、 記得要做某事doing sth 、 后悔做過某事regretto do sth 、 遺憾要做某事doing sth 、 意味著meanto do sth 、 打算做某事doing sth 禁不住做某事cant hel

44、p(to)do sth 、 不能幫忙做某事to do sth 、 努力做某事trydoing sth 試著做某事to do sth、停下來去做某事stopdoing sth 停下正在做得事情to do sth 、 繼續(xù)做原來得事情go ondoing sth 、 繼續(xù)做正在做得事動詞 need, require, want 作“需要”講時, 以及 be worth 其后用 v-ing 得主動形式表示被動意義。Your coat wants washing 、= Your coat wants to be washed、 The method needs improving、This pair

45、of shoes requires mending、The question is well worth discussing 4.作賓語補足語,補充說明主語得性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。常跟動詞得-ing 作 補語得動詞有:表示感覺與心理狀態(tài)得動詞。常見得有see,watch,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,catch 等等。 I could feel my heart beating fast 、 使役動詞。常見得有 have,set,keep,get, leave 等。They had the light burning all night、5 、 作定語。We

46、have got a swimming pool in our school、Do you know the boy standing at the gate?6 、 作狀語,它作狀語時,通常都表示主語正在進(jìn)行得另一動作,用 來對謂語動詞表示得動作加以修飾或作為陪襯。它可以表示時 間、結(jié)果、 條件、 讓步、 方式或伴隨動作,相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)得狀語從句。表示時間。Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy、Seeing its mother, the baby smiled、當(dāng)強調(diào)與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生時,在 v-ing 前可以用連詞 when 或 while、B

47、e careful when crossing the street、表示原因。Being ill, he went home、表示條件。Working hard, you will succeed、表示結(jié)果。The snow lasted a week, leading to a serious traffic jam in the whole area、表示伴隨,v-ing 形式表示得動作與謂語動詞所表示得動作同時 發(fā)生。它沒有相應(yīng)得狀語從句代替。She sat at the desk reading a newspaper、They walked on the way home, sin

48、ging and laughing、三.v-ing 得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)v-ing 前可以加一個物主代詞或名詞所有格來表示這個 v-ing 得邏 輯上得主語 ,構(gòu)成 v-ing 得復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或 v-ing 短語。1 、v-ing 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時一般用名詞所有格或形容詞性得物主 代詞。Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations、Their ing to help was a great encouragement to us、2 、 在口語與非正式語體中,只要不就是作主語,v-ing

49、 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中 得邏輯主語常采用名詞通格或人稱代詞賓格。The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally、 Do you mind Jacks/Jack leaving now?Im afraid of the tent falling down、Practice1 、 Playing basketball is very interesting、2 、 He likes playing basketball、3 、 The girls in our class arent interested in playin

50、g football、4 、 My hobby is playing basketball、5 、 The boy playing basketball on the playground is our monitor、6 、 I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground、7 、 After having played basketball, he felt tired、8 、 His parents died, leaving him a lot of money、9 、 Many people e to the park

51、s, looking for relaxations and entertainment、10 、 He admitted having done wrong、11、 The room wants cleaning、12 、 His not getting to the station on time made all of us worried、13 、 The problem needs working out、14 、 The students knowing English well will help them to learn French、15 、 Do you remember

52、 John and his father ing to see us last Christmas?16 、 Besides, smoking does harm to brains and it can influencestudies、17 、 We dont need to go far to find an interesting site、18 、 Instead of traveling to famous sites on the other side of the country, we can find out more about our own local histori

53、cal flavor、19 、 I remembered setting up a tent and sleeping outside with my families、20 、 Learning about puters can be like learning how to ride a bike or drive a car、21 、 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power、22 、 He forgot buying the book several days ago 、 As a result, he bought another

54、 one yesterday、23 、 You can try writing some positions in English、24 、 The teacher asked the students in the class to stop talking、25 、 The little boy couldnt help crying after his toys had been taken away、26 、 The scientist began his career in 1975 by working on a rice research project in his home

55、country、27 、 The movie was definitely worth seeing、28 、The mechanic went on checking the machine in the factory after the leaders ing、29 、 Mr 、 Hu came in the classroom, carrying a handbag in his right hand、30 、 The manager found the clerk playing puter games at work、過去分詞過去分詞相當(dāng)于 adj 、 與 adv 、 得功能,所以

56、,它可以作定語,狀語, 賓語補足語與表語。過去分詞得用法,一就是表完成,二就是表被 動。規(guī)則動詞得過去分詞以-ed 結(jié)尾構(gòu)成,不規(guī)則動詞得過去分詞 變化見不規(guī)則動詞表。 1.作定語:過去分詞作定語,如果就是單個得詞,常置于其所修飾得 名詞之前。如果就是過去分詞短語作定語時,一般置于其所修飾得 名詞之后。a broken cup 一只打破得杯子(被動)spoken English 口語(被動)a retired worker 退休得工人(完成)badly-built house 修得很差得房子(完成)newly-arrived visitors 新來得參觀者(完成)well-behaved ch

57、ildren 表現(xiàn)好得孩子(完成)注意:過去分詞作定語與 v-ing 形式,動詞不定式作定語得區(qū)別。the risen sun 已升起得太陽(完成)the rising sun 正在上升得太陽(進(jìn)行)the fallen leaves 落在地上得葉子(完成)the falling leaves 正在飄落得葉子(進(jìn)行)Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？Have you seen the person writing the book?I have an important letter to write、The bridge ,built in 1

58、950 ,broke down yesterday 、 The workers having built the bridge have left here 、 The workers to build the bridge are from mountainous areas、2.作表語The cup is broken 、 (表被動,完成)He is retired 、 (完成)注意 過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)得區(qū)別。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday 、 (被動語態(tài),表示動 作)The library is now closed

59、 、 (過去分詞作表語)注意 過去分詞作表語與 v-ing 形式作表語得區(qū)別。 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞來修飾人,用 v-ing 形 式來修飾物。The book is interesting and Im interested in it、We are excited at the news、The news he told us is exciting、3.作賓語補足語: 過去分詞作賓補,與賓語有邏輯上得動賓關(guān)系, 要注意與動詞不定式、 v-ing 形式作賓補得區(qū)別。能夠接過去分詞作賓語補足語得動詞:(1) 表示

60、感覺或心理狀態(tài)得動詞,如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。I heard the song sung in English。I heard her singing the song in the classroom、I heard her sing the song yesterday、We found the ground covered with snow、We found him lying on the ground、(2) 表示“使,致使”意義得詞。 如:have, make,