Jeppesen Charts（杰普遜航圖）教學(xué)課件：Chap4_Departure Charts

1、Chapter 4 Departure ChartsChapter 4 Departure Charts4.1 Introduction4.2 Arrangement and Information of Departure Charts4.3 Examples of Chart 24.1 IntroductionThe purpose of using departure charts areProvide a transition between the airport and the enroute structure after take off Reduce frequency co

2、ngestion, ensure obstacle clearanceControl the flow of traffic around an airportReduce fuel consumption, and may include noise abatement procedures3Departure charts are normally filed in the Jeppesen Airway Manual preceding the approach charts for the corresponding airport.On the upper right corner

3、of the chart identifies the chart as a SID or DEPARTURE (DP).4To find a departure chart for a particular airport, look up at the city in which the airport is located. The index number at the top of the chart ends in “0-3”for departure charts.When more than one departure chart exists for an airport,

4、their index numbers are listed in alphabetic sequence.5If there are more than one departure procedures at one chart, the names of the departure procedures are listed on the top of the plan view. Before taking off from an airport, a particular procedure should be chosen. Because of this, the departur

5、e charts must be read carefully before the flight.64.2 Composition and Information of Departure ChartsHeadingPlan View7HeadingPlan View84.2.1 HeadingThe heading of departure includes information about date, communications, transition level and transition altitude, departure procedures naming and num

6、bering.Pilots could find the proper airports and departure procedures by checking the heading of departure charts.94.2.1.1 Heading Border DataThe heading border data includes: Chart procedure identifier Location nameICAO Airport Identifier/ICAO Location IndicatorChart index number Revision dates10IC

7、AO Airport Identifier/ICAOLocation IndicatorLocation NameDeparture FrequencyRevision DateChart Procedure IdentifierChart Index NumberEffective DateAirport ElevationPrimary Airport Name11Chart Procedure Identifier Chart procedure identifier helps pilots quickly identify the correct type of chart（depa

8、rture, arrival, approach, and so on）12Some charts provide additional information about the type of departure. For example, displays “SID(R)” in the heading ,which tells the pilot that operative ATC radar is required for the departure. Some charts use the designation “RNAV SID” to alert pilots that o

9、nly aircraft with area navigation equipment can use this departure. 13Location NameFor civilian airports, the geographic location is usually the same as the major city it serves. Charts for military airports list the installation name first, with the city displayed below it.14Primary Airport NameAt

10、the Plainview of departure charts, the positions where the main airports locate are denoted by circular shadow.15If there is a “-” before the name of an airport, that means the location name should be a part of the main airports name 16If one departure chart can be used at many airports, the seconda

11、ry airports are listed under the main airport.17Another kind of departure chart is area departure chart. This kind of chars can serve many different airports and there is no primary and secondary.18Chart Index Number The chart index number helps pilots to sequence and locate charts within Airway Man

12、ual.19Revision datesIf the effective date is not indicated, the chart will become effective at once.effective datechart date204.2.1.2 CommunicationsInformation about communications isdisplayed within a box in the heading onthe left. The departure frequency may display one or more of the following fr

13、equencies:ApproachCenter ClearanceControlRadar21An asterisk (*) in front of the name of a frequency indicates that the service is not available at all times ;An (R) that follows the frequency type means that radar is available for that service.224.2.1.3 Transition Level and Transition Altitude The t

14、ransition level and transition altitude are shown following the communication frame.234.2.1.4 Chart Naming and Numbering Generally, departure procedures are named after the last fix on the SID, which transitions the pilot to the enroute structure. Sometimes, a plan view displays more than one depart

15、ure procedure. When several departures end at the same fix, they are distinguished numerically.24The code name in navigation database. It couldnt be used to fill flight plan, or communicate with ATC.ATTOL 2A and ATTOL 2C all end at ATTOL25Typically in the United States, there are transition routes t

16、hat guide pilots from the departure route to a fix in the enroute structure. In these cases, the SID is usually named after the last fix on the departure and beginning of the transition. When a significant portion of a departure procedure is revised, such as an altitude, a route, or data concerning

17、the navaid, the number of the departure changes. 26For Example, the Maric Three Departure is the third version of the modifications made to this procedure.27A few departure charts, as those for Mexico, are simply named “Departures.” In front of it is the designations of applicable runways for the ro

18、ute charted. These charts represent preferred departure routes for the airport listed. Finally, a few airports provide initial climb-out procedures when their departure procedures are particularly complicated or detailed. These procedures provide pilots with guidance for a route from a particular ai

19、rport runway to a fix that begins a published departure procedure. 28With the departure name, a number of other important data may be listed:High enroute designatorDeparture codeDeparture typeRunway designationsDeparture direction29High Enroute DesignatorA “(Hi)” designation displayed with the route

20、 name means that the departure procedure or transition route ends at a fix within the high altitude enroute structure.30Departure CodeFor charts that depict airports that have computerized their route identification for flight planning/filing purposes, the computer code for a particular departure pr

21、ocedure displays in circinal brackets following the route name. 31Departure TypeWhen listed, the type of departure follows the name of the route. Departure types could be PILOT NAV, RNAV, VECTOR, DME, or GPS.32Runway DesignationsIf a departure applies to specific runways, they are listed below the t

22、itle. Otherwise, they are specified in the plan view of the chart.33Departure DirectionMany large airports have different routes designated for aircraft headed for specific airways or cardinal headings.344.2.1.5 Chart RestrictionsThe chart title may include any number of restrictions, such as:Kind o

23、f airplaneSpeedKind of equipment Noise abatement35Kind of AirplaneSome routes are designated specifically for jet, turboprop, or non-turbojet airplanes.36SpeedRestrictions on speed are often noted in a reverse-type box with several criteria for the pilot to follow.37Kind of EquipmentSince departures

24、 can be simplified with the use of navigation systems, RNAV SIDs often specify the kind of equipment required to fly that departure.38Noise AbatementWhen special procedures exist for noise abatement purposes, they are often referenced with a note below the title of the departure.394.2.2 Plan View A

25、pilot checks for certain instructions, such as headings, climb gradients, and altitudes, as well as speed, airspace, and noise abatement restrictions.40The direction of this symbol represents the north direction. It always point to the up side of a departure chart.“NOT TO SCALE” means that the chart

26、 is not plotted to scale. But the geography positions and direction information are precise.414.2.2.1 AirportsThe primary airport is displayed in the plan view by a shaded circular area. Within the Primary airport symbol is a depiction of the airports runways. The chart shows the runway orientation

27、and relative runway lengths.Sometimes, the departure chart for a particular airport includes other airports in the vicinity. The symbol used for the secondary airport depends on whether the airport is civilian or military.42軍用衛(wèi)星機(jī)場民用衛(wèi)星機(jī)場Military airportCivilian airport43If there are second airports a

28、t a departure chart, and relative explain can be found at the plan view, the procedures released can also be used by these airports. Reverse, the procedures are forbidden to use by these airports.AREA DEPARTURE can be used by several airports and there is no primary and secondary. Because of this, t

29、here is no shaded circular area and runway symbols.44454.2.2.2 Navaid and FixesDeparture routes are defined by various navigation facilities in the area. Typically, the departure chart shows all the navaids that define the route within the plan view section of the chart.Along the route, there may be

30、 designated locations that provide a means for checking the progress of the flight. These fixes may be defined by their relative position to various navaid, as well as latitude and longitude positioning.Departure charts use a variety of symbols to depict the different navigation facilities and fixes

31、.464.2.2.3 Flight TracksDeparture plan view includes graphic symbols that portray the various tracks and transitions served by the procedure.A bold-lined arrow indicates the SID trackA bold dashed line represents transition tracks If there are more than one transition procedures in a departure chart

32、, the names of transition procedures should be denoted near the transition tracks. Meanwhile, corresponding textual explanation should be contained in the departure chart.47A thin, real line with arrows represents VOR Radials or NDB bearing A thin, curved line represents a DME arc. The DME arc is no

33、t the real track. It can be used to indicate the change of heading and altitude, or the restriction line when turning. The unit “NM” is labeled on the DME arc.48If there is a route identification code near the departure track, it means that the departure track is a part of this route.A series of sma

34、ll arrows represents radar vectoring .That means pilots could obtain radar vectoring .Some textual description about SID track and altitude information.49When there are several departure procedures in a chart, the SID names are used near by the track to denote which departure procedure the track bel

35、ongs to. Information about flight track and altitude of the corresponding procedure can be found in the table at the bottom or the plan view of chart. 50DME ArcRadar VectoringSID TrackRoute identification codeVOR RadialTransition Procedures NameTransition Track51SID NameSID textual description524.2.

36、2.4 Departure ElementsTextual descriptions about route and altitude of departure often accompany the graphics on the plan view of a chart. 53Initial climbRoutingTake-off minimums54Take-offYou may find “Take off” information in text in the plan view, or in a table at the bottom of the chart, labeled

37、by “TAKE-OFF”55In some cases, instructions about take-off is labeled with runway number of SID to which they apply or aircraft types.56Some SIDs are so complex that there must be a individual diagram to illustrate climb procedures (infrequent).When using such kind of SID, pilots should follow the co

38、rresponding climb procedure. When the aircraft get to the last fix, pilots should fly following the SID procedures.57ClimbUnless specified otherwise, SIDs provide obstacle clearance protection as long as the aircraft:is 35 feet high as it crosses the departure end of the runwaydose not turn until re

39、aching 400 feetclimbs at least 200 feet per NM58Some SIDs require increased or unusual aircraft performance characteristics to ensure obstacle or terrain clearance during the climb phase. In addition to the climb and altitude instructions, notes in the plan view specify a climb gradient in feet per

40、nautical mile. 59When take-off, GS 200KT, take off from 24L,. Using the climb gradient 205 per NM to calculate the corresponding climb rate should be 833ft/min. Keep this rate and climb to 3100 feet. Use the following formula to calculate climb rate climb rate=(GS/60) climb gradient60Before climbing

41、 to the requiring altitude of the SID, pilots must obey this climb gradient strictly. Especially when meeting bad weather, such as turbulence、icing, it is very important to maintain this climb gradient.61Transition RouteA transition route sequences the flight from the SID to a fix within the enroute

42、 structure.Not all charts include transitions. The design of the departure determines if a transition route is available and used on a particular SID. Transitions are more common in certain regions, particularly North America.62Transition routes are shown as bold, dashed lines, and are accompanied b

43、y labels when more than one is displayed on a chart, the transition route labels may include:Transition nameIdentifier code (for computerized flight plan filing)Altitude DME63See the “AVENAL” transition route in the chart.Identifier code GMN4.AVEsegment distance from GORMAN VORTAC to COREZ55NM,MEA 1

44、1000FT,MOCA 10000FTsegment distance from COREZ to AVENAL VORTAC 25NM,MEA 4000FT64Transition routes end at a fix on an enroute airway. When the transition end point is within the high altitude enroute structure, its usually marked “High Altitude”.654.2.2.5 AltitudesDeparture charts show important alt

45、itude information, often crucial to the proper execution of the procedure. A SID chart may display altitude instructions for:MSAs Route segmentsFixes66MSAsThe minimum safe altitude (MSA) is shown as a graphic on departure charts. MSA is provided when specified by the controlling authority.MSA provid

46、es 1,000 feet of obstruction clearance within a specified distance (25 miles unless specified otherwise) from a navigation facility. 67MSA is designed only for use in an emergency or during VFR flight, such as a visual approach at night. Each MSA is applicable only to the departure on which it is di

47、splayed, and may not be used for any other procedure. 68Consider LAX VOR as the center of a circle whose radial is 25NM. This circle is divided into three parts:010-120, MSA 4400FT120-240, MSA 7700FT240-010, MSA 2700FT 692. Route SegmentsWhile the MSA affects a 25-mile radius, other altitude figures

48、 may apply only to a route segment.70Using the departure procedure Per Three Alfa at Glasgow. Fly to north to DUMBA fix. When get to Glasgow VOR radial 300, the aircraft must climb to no less than 2500FT.71The following types of altitude notations may also be seen along route segments:MEAMOCAMAA72Th

49、e MEA for the GORMAN Transition is 9,500feet.The Lake Hughes Transition has an MEA of 7,800 feet.73The MEA for the CENTRALIA Transition is 6,000feet, while the MOCA is 2,100feet.74The MEA for the HILTS Transition is 3,000feet, while the MOCA is 2,200feet, MAA FL290.753. FixesSometimes a SID chart sh

50、ows specific altitude instructions for a particular fix. One limit to a maximum altitude at a specific fixAnother limit to a minimum altitude at a specific fix.76On the Gorman transition, the crossing altitude restriction at NINTY is at or above 8,800 feet, but if flying the Lake Hughes transition,

51、youd cross at or above 6,000feet.77There are numerous types of crossing altitude restrictions on SIDs. It requires a crossing altitude restriction no higher than 3,000feet when flying over CARAI intersection 784.2.2.6 Chart RestrictionsThe plan view may display a variety of restrictions that affect

52、the selection of a particular departure. A localitys terrain, traffic, man-made structure, available navigation equipment, population centers, or a host of other reasons may necessitate unique restrictions for a particular route. These instructions are displayed in the plan view of the chart.79Its i

53、mportant to thoroughly review the plan view section of the selected or assigned SID to ensure that the aircraft can comply with the restrictions listed. If pilots or the aircraft do not meet the requirements of an assigned SID , pilots should contact ATC as soon as possible.80Most restrictions fall

54、into one of the following categories:Aircraft type and equipmentAirspeedInoperative navigation equipment Lost communicationsNoise abatementSpecial use areas81Aircraft type and EquipmentRestrictions having to do with the type of aircraft or equipment onboard are usually prominently displayed with the

55、 SID title. 8283AirspeedDeparture charts often show speed limits for aircraft flying along a SID. If the airspeed restriction is denoted in a frame, that means this restriction could be applied to every route covered by the chart. 84Text without boxes along the affected portion of the route on the p

56、lan view. The speed limit is reiterated in the textual routing instructions.85If there are several maximum speeds, Pilots must determine the limit that affects pilots according to the position along the route, position relative to the airport, altitude or other parameter listed.86Inoperative Navigat

57、ion Equipment When an airports equipment is inoperable, it may affect the usability of the SID. Usually, the chart provides alternate instructions for use when the navaid is inoperable. 8788Certain departures are usable only when radar is operable within the airport environment depicted on the chart

58、.89Lost CommunicationsStandard procedures have been established for use when a pilot loses communications with ATC during an IFR flight. Sometime a particular SID has special procedures associated with it for a pilot who experiences lost communications.When such special lost communications instructi

59、ons exist, there will be a textual description on the chart.9091Noise AbatementIn densely populated areas, airport officials have devised routes and procedures that minimize discomfort for citizens living in the vicinity of their airports.Some SIDs listed already take noise abatement measures into a

60、ccount. It also includes alternate instructions for aircraft that do not have to comply with noise abatement procedures. 92Some airport noise abatement restrictions are so complex that they cannot be included on the plan view of a chart. In this case, the departure chart refers pilots to a separate