高中代詞詳解與改錯(cuò)練習(xí)

1、代詞一、人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞1.人稱代詞主格：主語(yǔ)賓格：賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。賓格要與所指代的人稱保持一致。Wehavedoneourbest.HehelpedmewithmyEnglish.在口語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)人稱代詞獨(dú)立用于不帶謂語(yǔ)的句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用賓格；當(dāng)人稱代詞用于帶有強(qiáng)烈感情色彩的句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)且其后不帶賓語(yǔ)，多用賓格。-Iwanttogotothecinematonight.-Me,too.2.物主代詞onesow+n名詞=名詞+ofonesown“完全屬于自己的,自己的Theoldmanhasagardenofhisown.=Theoldmanhashisowngarden.H

2、esawtheaccidentwithhisowneyes.名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞名詞性物主代詞只能單獨(dú)使用，不能做定語(yǔ)。Yourbookisonthedesk.Thisismine.3.反身代詞反身代詞是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者把動(dòng)作反射到發(fā)出者本人，因此反身代詞與它指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系。Theywentoutforawalkandenjoyedthemselves.改錯(cuò)：Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterdaythathurtitwhenitfellfromitsnest.Treatyourselftoaglassofwinetohelpyour

3、elaxattheendoftheday.AmancallinghimRobertcalledyouthismorningwhenyouwereout.Someofthestampsbelongtome,whiletherestarehisandher.Thereatthedoorstoodagirlaboutthesameheightasme.Tosaveclasstime,ourteacherhaswestudentstodohalfoftheexercisesinclassandcompletetheotherhalfforourhomework.-Susan,goandjoinyour

4、sistercleaningtheyard.-WhyI?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.二替代詞it,one和that1.it指代上文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的同一人或事物，復(fù)數(shù)形式：they/themSheboughtanewbook,shelikeditverymuch.2.it指代不知性別或不明身份的人常用于口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Itmightbethepostman.3.one=a/an+單數(shù)指代與前面出現(xiàn)的同名異物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指用one;ones為其復(fù)數(shù)形式。IlostmypenandIwanttobuyanewone

5、.4.that=the+單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞those=the+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)one與that都可指同類異物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，區(qū)別在于：1one泛指,復(fù)數(shù)形式onesthat特指,復(fù)數(shù)形式thoseTheweatherhereiscolderthanthatofQingdao.改錯(cuò)：StudyingWendysmenu,IfoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilartothoseofMcDonalds.Oneofthemostimportantquestiontheyhadtoconsiderwasthatofpublichealth.Nineintenparentssaid

6、thereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwithwhichoftheirparents.Carsdocauseussomehealthyproblemsinfactfarmoreseriousonethanmobilephonesdo.Ifyourebuyingtodayspaperfromthestand,couldyougetitforme?Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoheis.Ilikethishousewithabeaut

7、ifulgardeninfront,butIdonthaveenoughmoneytobuyone.Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrywithitextrastress.三不定代詞1.one,theother(兩者中的)一個(gè),另一個(gè)other+復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，意味“另外的，其他的，泛指。Theboyhastwopens.Oneisblackandtheotherisblue.IgotthestoryfromTomandsomeotherpeoplewhohadworke

8、dwithhim.2.some,others(不確定X圍)一些,另一些some,theothers(不確定X圍)一些,其余的others別的，泛指別的人或物，不可作定語(yǔ)；theothers其余的特指別的人或物，不可作定語(yǔ)Somestudentsareplayingfootball,andothersareplayingbasketball.Iwentswimmingwhiletheothersplayedtennis.3.oneanother(三者以上中的)一個(gè),另一個(gè)another表示不確定X圍內(nèi)的“另一，再一，又一可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾單數(shù)名詞；當(dāng)后接“數(shù)詞或few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示在原有根

9、底上需要“更多數(shù)量的東西。Idontlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanother.Weneedanothertwodaystofinishthetask.4.both,either,neither(二者)both兩者都either用于肯定句中，“或者與or搭配;用于否認(rèn)句，表示對(duì)兩者的否認(rèn)neither兩者都不，常與nor搭配，謂三Bothofthemareteachers.Neitherofhisbrotherslikessports.-Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?-Eitherwilldo.5.none,all,noone(三者及以上)no

10、ne全否“沒(méi)有人/物，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)均可；可與of連用。noone全否“沒(méi)有人all全肯“所有人/物。指事物的整體或抽象概念時(shí)，謂三；Noneofthemknowswhattodonext.Iknowthatalliswellwithher.Noonecanworkoutthatproblem.6.some,any2some一些，多用于肯定句；用于表請(qǐng)求的疑問(wèn)句中，表希望得到肯定的答復(fù)。any常用于否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句中，用于肯定句中，表示“任何一個(gè)MayIasksomequestions?Ifthereisanytrouble,turntomeforhelp.改錯(cuò)：Manypeoplehavedona

11、tedthattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneedssome.-WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?-Everywayasyouplease.Itiseasytodotherepair.Allyouneedareahammerandsomenails.IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidntknowwhichonewasthebest.Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbutnothingwasavailablefromthatshop.-Which

12、ofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?-ActuallyIdidntlikeneitherofthem.ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhichbothoftheparentsspokethelanguage.ToknowmoreabouttheBritishMuseumyoucanusetheInternetorgotothelibrary,orall.Themanagerbelievespriceswillnotrisebymorethananotherfivepercents.Noprogresswasma

13、deinthetradetalkasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionsoftheothers.四.復(fù)合不定代詞1.everything,something,anything,nothingeverything一切事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體something某事，某物；somethinglike+數(shù)字，意為“左右anything肯定句中強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，意為“任何事物，在否認(rèn)句中表“某些事物nothing“沒(méi)有事物Theydoeverythingtohelpus.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Nothingcanpreventusfromget

14、tingthere.-Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?-$3,000,orsomethinglikethat.2.anyone,someone,everyoneanyone=anybody任何人，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體someone=somebody某個(gè)人everyone=everybody所有人，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體Anyonethinksso.Thereissomeoneonthetelephoneforyou.Ifeveryoneishere,thenwecanstart.改錯(cuò)：Themajorhasofferedarewardof$6,000tosomeonewh

15、ocancapturethetigeraliveordead.Wehaventenoughbooksforanyone;someofyouwillhavetoshare.ImadesomuchchangesinmycompositionthatonlyIcouldreadit.Toeveryoneelse,itwashardtomakeout.Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardlynothingleftinthehouse.Thebookisofgreatvalue.Everythingcanbeenjoyedunlessyoudigestit.Makesurey

16、ouvegotthepassportsandticketsandeverythingbeforeyouleave.五it的用法常用之句式31.it作為非人稱代詞，常表示天氣、日期、時(shí)間、距離、溫度等。Itgetcolderandcolder.Howfarisitfromyourofficetothelibrary?2.it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtospeakhere.Ifounditpleasanttoworkwithhim.3.It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that該句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部是人時(shí)，that可換成who,其

17、他一律用that.在含有notuntil的句子在進(jìn)展強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，需將not與until一起提前到被強(qiáng)調(diào)局部。ItwasattheschoolgatethatImethim.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathecameback.4.It+be+adj.+forsb.+todosth.It+be+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.Itisfoolishofyoutobelievesuchaperson.5.It+be+nouse/nogood+doing做是沒(méi)用的/沒(méi)有好處的Itisnogoodlivingalonewithoutkeepingintouchwithothers.

18、6.It+be+過(guò)去分詞.+that從句say,believe,prove,report,require等常用于此句型。Itisreportedthattherainwillcontinuetomorrow.7.It+某些動(dòng)詞+that從句appear,seem,happen等常用于此句型Itseemsthathehasknowneverything.8.It+be+onesturntodosth輪到某人做某事Itisyourturntobeonduty.Whoseturnisittocleantheclassroom?9.It+be(high)timeforsthIt+be(high)timeforsbtodosthIt+be(high)timethatsb