高一英語(yǔ)銜接練習(xí)NO2句子成份

1、WORD 專(zhuān)業(yè)資料. I句子成分組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫作句子成分。英語(yǔ)的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致一樣，可分為：主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。一、主語(yǔ)表明句子里所談的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主語(yǔ)常用名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。例如:Lilylikes her new bike.(名詞) 莉莉喜歡她的新自行車(chē)。He gets up early every day.(代詞) 他每天都起得很早。To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短語(yǔ)）學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不容易。二、謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，英語(yǔ)中謂語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。例

2、如：We workhard.我們努力工作。The boy caught a bird. 那個(gè)男孩逮住一只鳥(niǎo)。He is my father. 他是我父親。They all look fine. 他們都很好。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面必須保持一致。例如：I am reading. You arereading. HeShe is reading. We are reading.三、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象。由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，和與物動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”。例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名詞）湯姆買(mǎi)了一本故事書(shū)。I saw him y

3、esterday. （代詞）昨天我看到他了。He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短語(yǔ)）他想要一杯茶。直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)有些與物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，指人的叫作間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的叫直接賓語(yǔ)。合稱(chēng)雙賓。例如：He gave mesome ink . 他給了我一些墨水。間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) Our teacher told usan interesting story.老師給我媽講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)四、表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”，與連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)由名詞、形容詞、或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。例如：My s

4、ister is a nurse.（名詞）我的姐姐是一名護(hù)士。They were at home.（介詞短語(yǔ)）他們?cè)诩依?。She got angry. （形容詞）她生氣了。Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（數(shù)詞）她的祖父八十多歲了。五、定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)是修飾名詞或代詞的，可以作定語(yǔ)的除形容詞外，還有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等。例如：This is a green cup.（形容詞）這是一個(gè)綠色的杯子。Are these students your classmates? （代詞）這些學(xué)生是你班的嗎？Winter is the

5、coldest season of the year.（介詞短語(yǔ)）冬天是一年中最冷的季節(jié)。I have something important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告訴你。The people here are very friendly.（副詞）這里的人們非常友好。注意：形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在被修飾的詞之前。而介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或副詞等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在被修飾的詞之后。六、狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、或副詞的，有的修飾全句。可以作狀語(yǔ)的主要是副詞和介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等。例如：You are quite right .（副詞） 你非常正確。Mr.Wu c

6、omes to the school by bike. (介詞短語(yǔ)) 吳老師騎自行車(chē)上學(xué)校。She will arrive in Beijingon Monday. （介詞短語(yǔ)）她將于星期一到達(dá)。He stopped to have a look. （不定式短語(yǔ)）他停下來(lái)看了看。七、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有些與物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后邊還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，意思才能夠完整。賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。例如：We call herXiao Li. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)You must keep the roomclean and tidy. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)John asked meto help him with hi

7、s Chinese. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I will have my haircut tomorrow. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)We saw the boyplaying basketball on the playground just now. 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)句子成分巧記歌訣主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)， 七種成分記清楚。句子主干主謂賓（表），枝葉成分定狀補(bǔ)。定語(yǔ)修飾主賓表， 賓語(yǔ)之后常有補(bǔ)。主謂人稱(chēng)數(shù)一致， 狀語(yǔ)位置最靈活。Exercises:指出下列句子中劃線部分的成分。1We all study hard at English.A. 主語(yǔ) B. 謂語(yǔ) C. 賓語(yǔ) D.表語(yǔ)2Betty likes her

8、 new bike very much. A. 主語(yǔ) B.謂語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.表語(yǔ)3My brother is a policeman. A. 主語(yǔ) B.謂語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.表語(yǔ)4Were you at home last night? A.定語(yǔ) B.狀語(yǔ) C.賓補(bǔ) D.表語(yǔ)5Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定語(yǔ) B.狀語(yǔ) C.賓補(bǔ) D.表語(yǔ)6He often walks in the park. A.定語(yǔ) B.狀語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.表語(yǔ)7Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定語(yǔ) B.狀語(yǔ) C.賓補(bǔ)

9、D.表語(yǔ)8He boughtme a nice present last week. A.賓語(yǔ) B.直接賓語(yǔ) C.間接賓語(yǔ) D.賓補(bǔ)9His parents are doctors.A.賓語(yǔ) B.表語(yǔ) C.謂語(yǔ) D.定語(yǔ)10Ill get you some tea now.A.賓語(yǔ) B.直接賓語(yǔ) C.間接賓語(yǔ) D.賓補(bǔ)11My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表語(yǔ) B.直接賓語(yǔ) C.間接賓語(yǔ) D.賓補(bǔ)12He has read the book twice.A.主語(yǔ) B.謂語(yǔ) C.表語(yǔ) D.賓語(yǔ)13They seemed unh

10、appy when they heard the news.A.表語(yǔ) B.謂語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.定語(yǔ)14Do you have something to eat ?A.狀語(yǔ) B.定語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.賓補(bǔ)15We made him our monitor.A.賓語(yǔ) B.定語(yǔ) C. 狀語(yǔ) D.賓補(bǔ)II簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）所構(gòu)成的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。根據(jù)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)單句分為5種基本句型：1SV;（主語(yǔ) 不與物動(dòng)詞）Ican swim. 我會(huì)游泳。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)（不與物動(dòng)詞）Everythingchanges. 萬(wàn)物都在變。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)The planehas al

11、ready arrived. 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)抵達(dá)。 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)2SVO;（主語(yǔ)與物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）IlikeEnglish. 我喜歡英語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)Theyare readingbooks . 他們?cè)诳磿?shū)。主語(yǔ). 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)Heboughta computer last week. 他上周買(mǎi)了臺(tái)電腦。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)3SVP;（主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)）My motherisa scientist. 我母親是個(gè)科學(xué)家。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)Shelooksyoung. 她看上去很年輕。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)The foodtastes very delicious. 這食物嘗起來(lái)很香。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)4SVIODO;（

12、主語(yǔ)與物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)）My motherboughtmea dictionary yesterday. 我母親昨天給我買(mǎi)了本字典。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)Canyougivemethe math book? 你能給我那本數(shù)學(xué)書(shū)嗎？謂語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)Willyoutellussomething about your school life? 你給我講講你們的學(xué)習(xí)生活，好嗎？謂語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)5SVOOc;（主語(yǔ)與物動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)） Wemust keepour classroomclean and tidy. 我們必須保持教室干凈、整潔。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)

13、 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)My motherasks meto speak English as much as possible. 我母親要求我盡可能多地講英語(yǔ)。 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iheardhersinging happily in the room just now. 剛才我聽(tīng)到她在房間里高興地唱著歌。主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型巧記歌訣：英語(yǔ)句子萬(wàn)萬(wàn)千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類(lèi)看動(dòng)詞，后接成分是關(guān)鍵。系詞之后接表語(yǔ)，不與物后無(wú)需連。與物又可分三類(lèi)，單賓雙賓最常見(jiàn)。還有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，各種搭配記心間。Exercises:I指出下列句子的基本類(lèi)型1They are lis

14、tening.2My mother is fifty now.3I have bought three books.4My friend gave me a birthday present.5I painted the wall white.6The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7They arrived at six oclock.8The map is on the wall9Children often sing this song.10Mr Wu teaches us English.11She showe

15、d her friends all her pictures.12I find him a lovely boy.II請(qǐng)朗讀以下句子，劃分下列句子的成分，并指出他們分別屬于簡(jiǎn)單句中的哪種。1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5

16、. Environmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.8. Shops dont offer free plastic bags to their consumers.9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag litter.10. Chines

17、e consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.III簡(jiǎn)單句的種類(lèi)I英語(yǔ)句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類(lèi)：簡(jiǎn)單句，并列句和復(fù)合句：1. 簡(jiǎn)單句Simple Sentences 含有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.2. 并列句Compound Sentences 包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子且句子之間有并列連詞and/but等或用分號(hào)連接。e.g. You help

18、him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.3. 復(fù)合句Complex Sentences 包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)從句或一個(gè)主句和多個(gè)從句的句子，且從句用從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。定語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句都是復(fù)合句。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.II按照句子的功能，簡(jiǎn)單句可分為4類(lèi)：述句，疑問(wèn)句，祈使句，和感嘆句。一、述句用來(lái)述一件事或表達(dá)一種看法。1肯定式：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)I came here

19、 last night. 我是昨晚到這兒的。The earth turns around the sun. 地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。We have many friends. 我們有很多朋友。Zhang Hong likes dancing. 紅喜歡跳舞。2否定式：如果句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是behave或有助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，在它們之后加not構(gòu)成否定式。China is not a developed country. 中國(guó)不是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。He hasnt been to Hangzhou. 他沒(méi)去過(guò)。We cant live without air. 沒(méi)有空氣，我們就不能生存。They will not

20、 (wont) go there. 他們將不去那里。如果句子的謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞，而又沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞do(第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用does，過(guò)去式用did)再加not構(gòu)成否定式。I dont want to go. 他不想去。He doesnt like English. 他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。She didnt go to the party last night. 昨晚她沒(méi)有去參加晚會(huì)。二、 疑問(wèn)句英語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)句分為一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句。1. 一般疑問(wèn)句用yes或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句。Are you from England? 你是英格蘭人嗎？Do you

21、speak English? 你講英語(yǔ)嗎？Will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空嗎？2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句用疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞提問(wèn)的句子，不用yes或no回答。Whose bike is the newest? 誰(shuí)的自行車(chē)最新？Who teaches you English? 誰(shuí)教你們英語(yǔ)？Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰(shuí)？When will the meeting begin? 會(huì)議將在什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始？Why didnt you tell me earlier? 你為什么不早點(diǎn)告訴我呢？3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的情況讓對(duì)方選擇。選擇疑問(wèn)句

22、由“一般疑問(wèn)句or一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，其中后一個(gè)問(wèn)句中與前一個(gè)句中的一樣部分被省略。不用yes或no回答，要用完整的句子回答。Is Kates hair long or short? Its long. 凱特的頭發(fā)是長(zhǎng)還是短？ 是長(zhǎng)的。Shall we go by bus or walk? By bus. 我們是乘車(chē)去還是步行呢？ 乘車(chē)去4. 反意疑問(wèn)句前一部分述一件事實(shí)，后一部分對(duì)前面的述提出相反的疑問(wèn)。即前一部分如果是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，后一部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu);如果前一部分是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，后一部分用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。You are from England, arent you? 你是英格蘭人，對(duì)嗎？He can s

23、wim, cant he ? 他會(huì)游泳，對(duì)嗎？Jim will go to England, wont he? 吉姆將去英國(guó)，是嗎？Tom tells you about it, doesnt he? 湯姆告訴你那件事的，對(duì)嗎？Jenny didnt come to school yesterday, did she? 珍妮昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)，對(duì)嗎？They havent been to the Great Wall, have they? 他們沒(méi)有去過(guò)萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城，是嗎？Its not very cold today, is it? 今天天氣不很冷， 是嗎？Exercises:The teacher

24、had a word with you,_?A. didnt he B. hadnt he C. didnt have he D. did not he2. You wont take back what you said,_?A. didnt you B. will you C. arent you D. were you3. Lets go to watch the football match,_?A. do we B. dont we C. shall we D. will you 4. Your family has no colour TV set,_?A. hasnt it B.

25、 doesnt it C. is it D. does it5. Miss Liu doesnt like dancing, does she? -_A. No, she does B. No, she do C. Yes, she does D. Yes, she is 6. Theres something wrong with the radio, _? A. hasnt there B. doesnt there C. isnt there D. is there三祈使句表示命令，請(qǐng)求或建議，主語(yǔ)通常省略說(shuō)話(huà)對(duì)象是第二人稱(chēng)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)you一般省略?？隙ㄊ剑褐^語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞原形（+賓語(yǔ)）否定式:Dont/Never+動(dòng)詞原形+例如：Be quiet，please. 請(qǐng)安靜Please come in. 請(qǐng)進(jìn)Dont be afraid. 別害怕說(shuō)話(huà)對(duì)象式第一第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，用“Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”，否定式用“Let+賓語(yǔ)+not+動(dòng)詞原形”，也可以“Dont +let +賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：Lets go to school. 我們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)吧Let him not come in.=Dont let him come in. 別讓他進(jìn)來(lái)四感嘆句表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情感嘆句有what和how開(kāi)頭的兩種