中考英語常考易錯點專題講練：名詞

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)名詞易錯清單1. information,message,news(1) information作“信息”解,通常指在閱讀、觀察、談話或書信往來中特別關注的消息、情報、資料等。它側(cè)重內(nèi)容,是不可數(shù)名詞。如:They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.他們必須盡快查到有關飛往昆明班機的信息。(2)news作“新聞”解,一般指通過廣播、電視、報紙等新聞媒

2、體向大眾發(fā)布的社會各方面的最新消息,它側(cè)重一個“新”字,是不可數(shù)名詞。如:Theres a piece of interesting news in todays newspaper. 在今天的報紙上有一條有趣的消息。No news is good news.沒消息就是好消息。(3)message作“音信”解,一般指口頭傳遞的或書寫的“消息”,是可數(shù)名詞。如:She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她經(jīng)常給我發(fā)手機短信。2. noise,voice,sound(1) sound “聲音”,為最常用詞,指可以聽到的任何聲音,強的,

3、弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意義的或無意義的。如:I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.昨晚我正看書時,突然聽到隔壁房間有聲音。(2) noise 常指太響或人們不愿聽到的聲音,“嘈雜聲、喧鬧聲”。如:The boys made too much noise.孩子們太吵鬧了。(3) voice 指“說話聲”“唱歌聲”“嗓音”如:That sounds like Marys voice. 那聲音聽起來好像瑪麗的聲音。3. family,house,home,room(1) family 的

4、意思是“家庭、家庭成員”,與居住的房子無關。 當family作為整體概念的“家庭”講時是單數(shù);當“家庭成員”講時是復數(shù)。如:Mr Greens family is very large. 格林先生家里的人很多。(2)house 指“家”時含義較窄,僅指“房屋”這一建筑物,一般指獨門獨戶的房子,不指樓房。如:There are many new houses in our village.我們村里有很多新房子。(3)home 指“家、住所”,指一個人(或一家人)居住的地方,也可指一個人出生或長大的地方(鄉(xiāng)村、城市或國家等)。 它具有house所沒有的感情色彩(如“團聚”、“思念”等)。如:The

5、 American friends are leaving Beijing for home tomorrow. 明天美國朋友要離開北京回國了。East or west,home is best. 金窩銀窩不如自己的草窩。(4)room除作可數(shù)名詞用表示“房間”外,還可用作不可數(shù)名詞,指“空間;地方;余地”。例如:There is only standing room in the bus.公共汽車上只有站的地方了。4. place,room,area,space(1) place 表示一個具體地點。如:We will meet up at the place where we met las

6、t Friday.我們在上周五見面的地方見面。(2)room當表示地方的時候呢,通常在這樣的情況下用,表示容得下容不下的意思。如:There is no room for her.這沒她的地方。(3)area表示一片區(qū)域。如:Tibet area藏區(qū)(4)space表示地方的時候通常表實意。We could put bags at that space.我們可以把包放在那個空地。5. problem,questionquestion 是需要“解答”的問題,question 往往是“疑問”。problem 是需要“解決”的問題。problem 所指的問題,往往是“老難的問題”。這兩個詞在實際使用

7、中,一般不能相互替代。如:Please answer the following questions.請回答以下問題。problem指說話者認為難以解決的問題,它與動詞solve或settle(解決)搭配。而question指說話者需要尋找答案的問題,它常與動詞ask或answer連用。試比較:The problem is difficult to be solved.這個問題很難解決。May I ask you some questions?我可以問你一些問題嗎?problem可用于數(shù)學或物理的習題,而question卻無此義。question可表示一件“與有關的事”。試比較:Can you

8、 work out this maths problem?你能算出這道數(shù)學題嗎?Its a question of money/time.這是一個與金錢/時間有關的問題。6. suggestion, advicesuggestion是可數(shù)名詞,表示“意見,建議,提議”,特指為了改進或解決某一問題而提出建議,辦法等,但不一定正確,僅供參考。在這一含義上,它和opinion同義,但比opinion正式。語氣比advice客氣、委婉。多用作可數(shù)名詞,常和介詞about,as to,at,on,by,with等搭配。如:This trip was made at his teachers sugges

9、tion. 這次旅行是由他的老師建議組織的。By her mothers suggestion the contribution was raised. 根據(jù)她媽媽的建議發(fā)起了募捐。表示“一條建議”用a suggestion,“一些建議”是some suggestions,“許多建議”是many suggestions。與suggestion經(jīng)常連用的詞組和短語常見的有:accept a suggestion put forward by.接受提出的建議;adopt a suggestion采納建議;advance the suggestion that提出的建議;carry a sugges

10、tion of.使人想起給人以的聯(lián)想;follow out suggestion貫徹建議;take the suggestion into consideration考慮這個建議;throw away a suggestion拋棄一項建議;volunteer suggestions on.對主動提出建議;at(on)sb.s suggestion按照某人的建議;at(on)the suggestion of.在的建議下,按照的建議;by sb.s suggestion根據(jù)某人的建議;be full of suggestions充滿了暗示,含義深遠;act on sb.s suggestion按

11、照某人的建議行事。I have some suggestions to submit.我有幾個建議要提出。advice表示“忠告,意見,指點”,是指具有豐富的知識,足夠的經(jīng)驗,正確的判斷力和明智的觀點的人對另一個人的“勸告”或“見解”,既可以是對于嚴肅的事物,也可以對瑣碎事情提出意見。advice經(jīng)常帶有客觀性質(zhì),在實際應用中,凡是與自己沒有關系,完全是為了對方而提出的意見或建議都可用advice,advice是不可數(shù)名詞表示“一條建議”是a piece of advice,“一些建議”是some advice:On the doctors advice her mother is stayi

12、ng in bed.她的媽媽遵醫(yī)囑臥床休息。You must act with advice at present. 目前,你一定要謹慎行事。advice常和介詞against,at,by,for,of,on,to,about,with等搭配。如:My advice to you is that you should treat your wife with more consideration.我給你的忠告是你要多體貼妻子。It was only by my advice that she had given up the idea.在我的勸導下她才放棄了這個念頭。7. influence,

13、effectinfluence 表示“影響”,主要指對行為、性格、觀點等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響。通常不可數(shù)名詞,但有時可連用不定冠詞。如:What you read influences your thinking. 你讀的東西對你的思想有影響。Television has a strong influence on people. 電視對人有很大的影響。influence可用作及物動詞。如:Its clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的畫顯然受了畢加索的影響。effect可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。用作可數(shù)名詞時,

14、常與介詞on連用。have an effect on 相當于affect。如:To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影響一項政策就是對該政策具有一種影響。The news had no effect on her at all.=The news did not affect her at all. 這條消息對她沒有一點影響。effect 有時雖用作動詞(及物),但不表示“影響”,而表示“實現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。如:He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司發(fā)生了巨大的變化。提分策略一、 答題

15、時,首先要注意句子中名詞是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)形式,是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞,并要搞清楚所給選項中的名詞概念上的區(qū)別?！纠?】(2014湖北鄂州33)Its convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.Yes. Its said that is enough.A. fifteen minutes driveB. fifteen-minutes driveC. fifteen minutes driveD. fifteen minutes drive【解析】考查名詞所有格的用法?！?5分

16、鐘行程”是“數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),數(shù)詞之后的名詞要用復數(shù)形式,所有格在名詞詞尾加一撇s。故選D。【答案】D【例2】(2013 山東泰安 25)I hear you have to get up early every morning.Right. Its one of the of my family.A. plansB. jobsC. programsD. rules【解析】考查可數(shù)名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意判斷,每天早起是家規(guī)之一,不是計劃,工作或節(jié)目之一。故選D?！敬鸢浮緿【例3】(2013四川南充 22)There are some on the floor.A. milkB. ch

17、ildC. boxes【解析】考查名詞在語境中的辨析。there are 后應接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),milk 是不可數(shù)名詞,應排除;child 是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),也應排除。故應選C?！敬鸢浮緾【例4】(2013黑龍江綏化6)I saw some and dancing in the street the day before yesterday.A. Germen;EnglishmenB. Germans;EnglishmansC. Germans;Englishmen【解析】考查名詞復數(shù)的用法。some修飾可數(shù)名詞時,名詞要用復數(shù)形式:德國人:Germans;英國人:Englishmen。故選C。句

18、意:前天我看到一些德國人和英國人在街上跳舞?！敬鸢浮緾二、 復習名詞時,要把名詞放在真實的語境中練習,注重詞義的辨析和一詞多義。1. 語境辨析很多單項選擇填空題是通過創(chuàng)造某種語言環(huán)境,把詞法、句法、慣用法、交際用語、詞語辨析等各種內(nèi)容融入其中。答題時,一定要根據(jù)語境捕捉題干信息,全面領會句子的真正含義,然后對各個選項進行比較篩選,最終確定最佳答案?！纠?】(2014湖北鄂州27)Do you come to South Korea for the of seeing your family or doing business?I come here on business.A. interes

19、tB. benefitC. purposeD. thought【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析?！癴or the purpose of(有的目的)”是固定搭配。故選C。句意:你來韓國的目的是看望你的家人還是做生意?我來這里做生意?！敬鸢浮緾【例2】(2013山東東營19)Excuse me,havent you learned the new law? Everyone in a car must wear the seat belt.Sorry,we wont do that again.A. foodB. trafficC. medicineD. education【解析】考查名詞在語境中的辨析。

20、由根據(jù)后一句在車里的每個人必須系安全帶,可推測句意“打擾了,難道你沒有學習新的交通法規(guī)嗎?”【答案】B2. 詞意辨析做此類單項填空題要認真比較,仔細推敲,關鍵在于準確把握詞意?！纠?】(2014浙江溫州2)There are some in Dayton Art Museum. For example,no food or drinks is allowed inside.A. jobsB. recordsC. rulesD. paintings【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。jobs工作;records 記錄;rules規(guī)矩,規(guī)定;paintings油畫。由“no food or drinks i

21、s allowed inside”判斷,藝術(shù)博物館里不許吃喝是規(guī)矩,規(guī)定,不是工作,錄音或油畫。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾【例2】(2013湖北黃岡31)Someone called you just now.I know. But I was busy at that moment. When I called back,there was no .A. voiceB. soundC. answerD. result【解析】考查名詞在語境中的辨析。句意:剛才有人給你打電話。我知道。但是當時我正忙著。當我回撥的時候,沒人接了。選C,answer回答,在此意為接電話。其他的voice說話聲;sound聲

22、音;result結(jié)果,都不符合題意。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾【例3】(2013四川涼山22)Where is Thomas?He left a .A. informationB. messageC. news【解析】考查名詞單復數(shù)。冠詞a提示空格處用可數(shù)名詞。三個答案中只有message是可數(shù)名詞?！敬鸢浮緽專項訓練1. (2014 南京玄武 5)More than 36 million Chinese children are receiving piano training,but quite a few have little in the piano and some even hate i

23、t.A. interestB. surpriseC. attentionD. success2. (2014南京高淳)It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books,so its important to have real with languages,cultures and societies.A. communicationB. experienceC. knowledgeD. influence3. (2014浙江嘉興17)It is an English to have afternoon tea.A. m

24、enuB. drinkC. festival D. tradition4. (2014北京)I didnt know last year.A. where he livesB. where does he liveC. where he livedD. where did he live5. (2013浙江杭州)Some people ride bikes to work instead of driving in order to protect the environment and reduce pollution.A. waterB. air C. soilD. white6. (20

25、13廣東廣州)My English teacher visited Canada last summer.Which city did he visit?A. Paris.B. Washington.C. London.D. Toronto.7. (2013安徽) is a program to help with childrens education in poor areas.A. Project HopeB. World Wide Fund for NatureC. Friends of the EarthD. China Greener8. (2013河北)The farmer keeps lots of on his farm.A. sh