專題十三-情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣-課件-2022屆新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1、專題十三 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣情態(tài)動詞考點(diǎn)一 can & could1.表示能力,但could主要指過去的能力。表示“過去有能力做成某事”時通常用was/were able to。The little boy can speak two foreign languages.這個小男孩會講兩種外語。Could the girl read before she went to school?這個女孩上學(xué)前識字嗎?Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.起火的時候大家都能逃生。2.表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上,并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生),常

2、譯為“往往會,有時候可能會”,常用于肯定句中。Although you can find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop.雖然你有可能在倫敦買到便宜的東西,但通常而言這不是個買便宜東西的地方。3.表示請求和允許。在問句中could語氣比can要委婉。Could I have a word with you?It wont take long.我能和你說句話嗎?不會占用你很長時間。You can go back home now.你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。4.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句

3、中。How can you be so careless?你怎么能這么粗心?5.表示推測,常用于否定句和疑問句中,語氣較強(qiáng)。He cant be in the classroom;the light is not on.他不可能在教室里;燈沒亮。Why are your eyes so red?You cant have slept well last night.你的眼睛為什么紅紅的?你昨天晚上一定沒有睡好。My favourite book is missing.Who could have taken it?我最喜歡的書丟了,誰會把它拿走呢?6.cannot/can never.too/

4、enough.表示“再也不為過”。You can never be too careful when driving a car.開車的時候你再怎么小心都不為過。7.cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”。You cannot choose but go with me.你只能跟我走。練習(xí)：1.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustWe _ eat in a restaurant if you like.2.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動

5、詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustMary _ play the violin when she was five.3.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustTom comes from Australia; he _ speak English very well.4. 請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, must_ I use your mobile phone?5. I cant speak for everyone, but I _ speak for myself.6

6、. I knew that if I spoke to Myra, I _ get her to call my father.1.答案：can解析：句意:如果你喜歡的話,我們可以去餐館吃飯。本句中can意為“可以”,用于提出建議。2.答案：could解析：句意:瑪麗五歲時就會拉小提琴。句中could表示“能力”,用于過去時態(tài)中。3.答案：can/ must解析：句意:湯姆來自澳大利亞,他能很好地說英語。can表示能力。句意:湯姆來自澳大利亞,他英語一定說得很好。must表肯定的推測,意為“一定;準(zhǔn)是”。故本題應(yīng)填can/ must。4.答案：May/ Can/ Could解析：句意:我可以使

7、用你的手機(jī)嗎?本句中may、can、could均可用于征求對方的許可。5. 答案：can解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:我不能代替每個人說話,但我可以代表我自己。can表示有能力做某事。故填can。6.答案：could解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:我知道如果我和Myra說一聲,我就能讓她給我的父親打電話。can表示有能力做某事;根據(jù)knew可知,此處應(yīng)用can的過去式could。故填could?？键c(diǎn)二 may & might1.表示請求、允許、許可,might比may語氣委婉。You may use my bike.你可以用我的自行車。2.表示推測,常用于陳述句中,語氣比較弱,把握性不大。might

8、語氣比may還要弱。We might be going to Spain on holiday this year.今年我們或許會去西班牙度假。3.may/might as well+動詞原形,意為“最好,倒不如”。You may/might as well do it at once.你最好立刻開始做。4.may well+動詞原形,意為“完全能,很可能”。He may well be late for class.他上課很可能遲到。5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。May you return in safety.祝你安全歸來。練習(xí)1.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, m

9、ay/ might, mustI _ come to the party with you, but I am not sure.2.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustAs you are here, you _ as well stay and make the best of it.3.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustYou _ feel that all the training is a waste of time, but Im sure later youll be gratefu

10、l that you did it.4.We _ as well go home, because theres nothing more to do.答案：1.may解析：句意:我可能和你一起去參加聚會,但我不確定。根據(jù)空后but I am not sure可知,本句應(yīng)用may表示“可能”。2.答案：may/ might解析：句意:既然你在這里,你不妨留下來并且好好利用它?！癿ay/ might as well”意為“不妨,還不如”。3.答案：may解析：句意:你可能覺得所有的訓(xùn)練都是浪費(fèi)時間,但我肯定,以后你就會感激你自己訓(xùn)練過了。本句中may意為“可能”。4.答案：may/might解析

11、：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:我們還是回家吧,因?yàn)檫@里已經(jīng)沒有別的事可做了。may/might as well是固定短語,意為“倒不如,還是的好”。故填may/might?？键c(diǎn)三 must1.表示主觀上的“必須,應(yīng)該”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。對比:have to表示客觀上的“不得不”,可用于各種時態(tài)。以must開頭的問句,其否定回答用neednt或dont have to。Must I clean the dining room at once?No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.我必須馬上打掃餐廳嗎?不,你不必。Students mustnt play

12、with mobile phones in class.學(xué)生課上不準(zhǔn)玩手機(jī)。I had lost my key,so I had to wait outdoors.我丟了鑰匙,所以不得不在門外等。2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表達(dá)出說話者的一種不滿情緒。Can I smoke here?No.Go to the smoking section,if you must.我能在這里抽煙嗎?不能,如果你非要抽煙的話,就去吸煙區(qū)吧。Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping?別人都在睡覺,為什么你偏要這么大聲說話?3.表示對具體

13、事情的推測,意為 “一定,肯定”,語氣較強(qiáng),只用于肯定句中。Since nobody gave him any help,he must have done the research on his own.既然沒有人給他任何幫助,那他一定是獨(dú)自完成的這項(xiàng)研究。練習(xí)：1.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustCharlotte, _ you put a spanner in the works?2.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustCant you stay a little longer?Its g

14、etting late. I _ go now. My daughter is home alone.3.請選用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空: can/ could, may/ might, mustYou _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.4.If you _ have a cigarette, choose a seat in the first row of the smoking section.答案：1.答案：must解析：句意:夏洛特,你偏要從中搗亂嗎?本句中must意為“偏要”。2.答案：must解析：句意

15、:你不能再待時間長一點(diǎn)嗎?時候不早了,我現(xiàn)在必須得走了。我女兒自己在家呢。本句中must意為“必須”。3.答案：must解析：句意:你一定是卡蘿爾。這些年來你一點(diǎn)都沒變。本句中must意為“一定”,表肯定的推測。4.答案：must解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:如果你一定要吸煙,你就選吸煙區(qū)第一排的座位。must意為“非要,一定”。 if you must (do sth. )表示雖不贊同,但可允許,意為“如果你一定要(那么做)。故填must?？键c(diǎn)四 shall1.用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等;此外,頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用shall。You shall do

16、as your father says.你要按照你父親說的那樣做。One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.我們規(guī)定中的其中一項(xiàng)是:每位學(xué)生在校期間都要穿校服。Each party shall respect the articles of this contract.任何一方都要尊重合同的條款。2.用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ街甘尽hall the man standing outside have a try?站在門外的那個人可以試試嗎?

17、練習(xí)：1.Persons under 18 _ not be employed in night work.2.Its a pity that he _ have failed the exam.答案：1.shall解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:不得雇傭十八歲以下的人做夜間工作。shall用于第三人稱作主語的陳述句中時,表示決心、命令或指示。故填shall。2.答案：should解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:他考試竟然沒及格,真是遺憾。should可以表示驚訝、憤怒、失望等特殊情感,意為“竟然”。故填should?？键c(diǎn)五 should & ought to 1.表示義務(wù),常意為“應(yīng)該”,用于各種人

18、稱。ought to的語氣比should強(qiáng)烈。Parents should/ought to take good care of their babies.父母應(yīng)該照看好他們的孩子。2.should表示推測,意為“可能,(按道理)應(yīng)該”,多指對未來合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果的一種期盼。Its nearly 8 oclock.He should be here at the moment.快八點(diǎn)鐘了。此刻他應(yīng)該在這兒了。3.should表示驚訝、意外等,意為“竟然,居然”。You should wear slippers in the classroom.你竟然在教室里穿著拖鞋。4.用在if條件句中,

19、should表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語氣。If I should see him,I would tell him the news.如果我見到他,我就告訴他這個消息。考點(diǎn)六 will & would1.用于各種人稱，表示主語的意愿和意志例：He will take you home.他愿意送你回家。2.用于第二人稱的一般疑問句，表示請求例：Will/Would you go with me？你愿意和我一起去嗎？3.will用來敘述目前的習(xí)慣；would表示過去的習(xí)慣例：He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住在鄉(xiāng)下時總是早起。

20、考點(diǎn)七 need & dare1.實(shí)義動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問句中，構(gòu)成否定句或疑問句時要用助動詞do，does，did。例：2.情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化（dare可以有過去式dared），直接接動詞原形，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時不用助動詞。3.另外，dare作情態(tài)動詞時，還可用于條件句中；作實(shí)義動詞時，dare用于疑問句或否定句，后面的to也可省略；I dare say是習(xí)慣說法，意為“我想，我認(rèn)為”練習(xí)：I _ not tell you what he did, for fear that he should be angry with me

21、.答案：dare解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。句意為:我不敢把他做的事情告訴你,我怕他會對我發(fā)脾氣。根據(jù)本句中的for fear可知,此處應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞dare,意為“敢”。故填dare。考點(diǎn)八 “情態(tài)動詞+have done”用法1.could have done的疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定,其中couldnt have done 多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈的否定,意為“過去不可能做過”。could have done在肯定句中表示“本來能做但卻沒做”。The accident could have been avoided;the driver couldnt have slowed do

22、wn.這事故本來是可以避免的;司機(jī)肯定沒減速。2.may/might have done 表示對過去行為的推測,意為“可能做過”。might 所表示的可能性比較弱,此外might have done 還可表示“本可能做而實(shí)際上未做”,含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。You might have given him more help,though you were busy with your work.你本來可以給他更多的幫助,盡管你工作很忙。3.must have done 表示對過去行為的推測,意為“一定,想必做過”,語氣十分肯定。It must have rained last night,as

23、the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了,因?yàn)榈孛媸菨竦摹?.should/ought to have done 用于肯定句時,表示“本該做某事而實(shí)際上未做”;用于否定句時,則表示“不該做某事反而做了”。Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again.Oh,its too bad.You should have made full preparations.對不起,媽媽,我這次工作面試又失敗了。噢,太糟糕了。你本來應(yīng)該進(jìn)行充分準(zhǔn)備的。5.neednt have done表示“本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了”。I actually neednt ha

24、ve bought so much foodonly three people came.我實(shí)際上不必買這么多食物只有三個人來了。6.had better have done 用于事后的建議,含輕微責(zé)備的口吻,意為“當(dāng)時最好做了某事”。I had better have started earlier.我要是早點(diǎn)起程就好了。7.would rather have done sth.表示“寧愿當(dāng)時做某事”,其否定形式would rather not have done sth.表達(dá)相反的含義,兩者都含有“后悔”之意。I would rather have taken his advice.我寧愿

25、當(dāng)時接受了他的建議。8.would like/love to have done sth.表示“過去愿意做某事但未做成”。I would love to have gone to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.我昨天晚上本想去參加聚會,但我不得不加班寫完報告。練習(xí)：1.He has no idea what the book is about. He _(read) it very carefully.2.You know the story very well. You _(rea

26、d) the book.3.I _(read) the book before, since I find some marks and notes.4.He _(go) to Beijing, for I saw him in the park this morning.答案：1.答案：cant have read解析：考查情態(tài)動詞+ have done的用法。句意為:他不知道這本書的內(nèi)容。他一定沒有非常仔細(xì)地閱讀過這本書。表示對過去的事情進(jìn)行猜測、推斷時,應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”結(jié)構(gòu); cant have done sth.意為“過去不可能做過某事”,表示否定推測,符合句意。

27、故填cant have read。2.答案：must have read解析：考查情態(tài)動詞+ have done的用法。句意為:你對這個故事很熟悉。你一定讀過這本書。此處表示對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行肯定猜測,應(yīng)用must/could/may/might + have done結(jié)構(gòu);根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示有把握的推測,應(yīng)用must have done。故填must have read。3.答案：must have read解析：考查情態(tài)動詞+ have done的用法。句意為:我以前一定讀過這本書,因?yàn)槲野l(fā)現(xiàn)了一些標(biāo)記和注釋。表示對過去的事情進(jìn)行猜測、推斷時,應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”結(jié)

28、構(gòu);根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示較有把握的推測。故填must have read。4.答案：cant have gone解析：考查情態(tài)動詞+ have done的用法。句意為:他不可能去北京,因?yàn)榻裉煸缟衔以诠珗@看見他了。表示對過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行猜測、推斷時,應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填cant have gone?？键c(diǎn)九 幾組易混情態(tài)（助）動詞1）would & used towould 表示過去反復(fù)的動作，常與every day，often frequently等連用例：When he was abroad，he would often read as many books

29、as possible.在國外時，他總是盡可能多地讀書。used to表示過去的狀態(tài)、習(xí)慣，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在例：She doesnt get up so early as she used to.她不像以前那樣起得那么早了。2）could & was able to & could have donecould 表示過去的能力，但不代表是否做例：He could ride a bicycle at the age of 5.五歲時他就會騎自行車了。was able to 表示過去有能力并且成功地做了，相當(dāng)于managed to do sth.例：The fire spread very qui

30、ckly but everyone was able to get out.火蔓延很快，但大家都成功地逃了出來。could have done 過去本有能力做某事，但沒有做3）must & have tomust多表示由于主觀需要或責(zé)任感而有必要、有義務(wù)去做某事，意為：必須例：I must clean the room because it is too dirty.由于房間太臟了我必須打掃。have to表示為客觀條件、環(huán)境所迫而做某事，意為：不得不例：He has to leave school because he cant afford his schooling.因?yàn)樗恫黄饘W(xué)費(fèi)，所

31、以不得不輟學(xué)。4）didnt need to do & neednt have donedidnt need to do過去沒必要做某事，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否做例：I didnt get up that early yesterday，for I didnt need to.昨天我沒那么早起床，因?yàn)闆]必要。neednt have done 過去沒必要做某事，但做了例：I neednt have got up that early yesterday but I had to because the dog barked all the time.昨天我本不必那么早起床，但是由于狗一直叫，所以我不得不起床

32、。虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣用于非真實(shí)條件句中從句謂語形式主句謂語形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式（be動詞用were）would/should/could/might動詞原形If I were you，I would seize the chance.如果我是你，我就會抓住這個機(jī)會。與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去式would/should/could/mighthave+過去分詞If you had taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed.如果你聽了我的建議，你就不會失敗。與將來事實(shí)相反過去式should +動詞原形were to+h詞原形would/should/

33、could/might動詞原形If he shouldnt come tomorrow，we would put off the meeting.如果他明天不來，我們就推遲這個會議。使用虛擬語氣條件句時要注意的幾點(diǎn)：1.當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，這種句子被稱為“錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整例：If you had followed my advice you would be better now.如果你聽了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好一些了。（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）2.在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件從句中，謂語動詞含wer

34、e，had，should，可將if省略，但需將were，had，should提到主語之前例：If I were at school again，I would study harder.Were I at school again，I would study harder.如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會，我會更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。3.有時假設(shè)的條件并不總是通過if引導(dǎo)的條件從句表達(dá)，而是隱含在某些詞、短語或上下文中，此種句子為“含蓄條件句”，常見的詞或短語有：without，in case，but for，for fear that，otherwise等例：Without your help，we couldn

35、t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help，.=If it had not been for your help，.=Had it not been for your help，.沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。4.even if，even though也可用于虛擬語氣，其引導(dǎo)的從句的形式與if從句在虛擬語氣中的形式相同練習(xí)：If he (catch) the morning train, he wouldnt have been late for the meetingIf we (book) a table

36、 earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in the long queue.二、虛擬語氣在wish, if only(=how I wish), as if后的從句中條件從句謂語形式例句從句謂語動作與主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生過去式（be動詞用were）If only/How I wish I were a flying bird！我多希望我是一只會飛的鳥兒啊！He looks as if he were an artist.他看上去好像是名藝術(shù)家。從句謂語動作先于主句謂語動作發(fā)生had+過去分詞If only I had seen the film！=How I

37、 wish I had seen the film！我要是看過那部電影該多好??！She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed in America for a long time.她說英語如此流利，好像她在美國待過很長時間似的。從句謂語動作后于主句謂語動作發(fā)生would+動詞原形He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.他如此努力學(xué)習(xí)英語，就好像他要去美國。注意：當(dāng)句子所敘述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的或存在的事實(shí)時，as if從句要用陳述語氣。例：It seems

38、as if it is going to rain.天似乎要下雨。He walks as if he is drunk.他走起路來像是醉了。練習(xí)：1、We wish we (can) fly into space by spacecraft one day.2、She works hard as if she never (know) fatigue.答案：1、could2、knew三、虛擬語氣用在主句含“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”的名詞性從句類別名詞性從句謂語動詞形式例句一堅(jiān)持：insistshould+動詞原形（should可以省略）He suggested that we（should）s

39、tart off early the next day.His suggestion was that we（should）start off early the next day.他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。It was suggested that we（should）start off early the next day.人們建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。二命令：order, command四建議：advise, suggest, propose, recommend四要求：require, request, demand, ask注意：suggest作“暗示，表明”講，insist作“堅(jiān)持說”講，后面賓語從句的謂語動詞不使用虛擬語氣形式（should+動詞原形），而使用陳述語氣。例：The smile on his face sugge