閱讀理解：波浪

1、閱讀理解【1】：波浪J. Waves are beautiful to look at, but they can destroy ships at sea, as well as houses and buildings near the shore. What causes waves? Most waves are caused by winds blowing over the surface of the water. The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow. The winds b

2、low across the sea, pushing little waves into bigger and bigger ones.The size of a wave depends on how strong the wind is, how long it blows, and how large the body of water is. In a small bay big waves will never build up. But at sea the wind can build up giant, powerful waves.A rule says that the

3、height of a wave (in meters) will usually be no more than one-tenth of the winds speed (in kilometers). In other words, when the wind is blowing at 120 kilometers per hour, most waves will be about twelvemiters. Of course, somewaves may combine to form giantvaves that are much higher. In 1933 the Un

4、ited States Navy reported the largest measured wave in history. It rose in the Pacific Ocean to a height of thirty-four meters.cause(s) waves.A. The sun B. The earth C. The airD. The windsThe size of a wave depends on factors.A. oneB. threeC. twoD. fourBig waves will build up.A. near the shoreB. ove

5、r the surface of waterC .in a small bayD. at seaAs a rule, the height of a wave is one-tenth of the waves speed.A. no more thanB. more thanC. no less thanD. less than注釋：1. giant n.巨人，大力士，巨大的動(dòng)物或植物，偉人，天才adj.龐大的，巨大的Shakespeare is a giant among writers.莎士比亞是一位文壇巨匠。no more than adv.只是more than enough太多，夠

6、多，十二分less than小于，決不no less than conj.正如答案：1:D 2:B 3:D 4:A閱讀理解【2】：樹(shù)與環(huán)境JDuring its growth, a large tree takes in by means of its roots many tons of water.Yet the tree retains only a very little of this water, perhaps 1%, in the growth process of the cells. The rest is given off through its leaves into

7、 the atmosphere.These quantities are significant. Even a small tree, such as a fruit-tree, gives off four gallons of water into the air every hour. An oak tree, with perhaps a quarter of a million leaves, gives off more than a thousand gallons a day in summertime.When we think of a whole forest, the

8、 total must clearly be vast, even though the amounts vary according to the kind of tree.A tree can be seen as a kind of pump with two purposes. It is always sucking up water from the ground, which would otherwise become far more loosely composed. At the same time, it increases the humidity 濕 度）of th

9、e surrounding land, which would otherwise be much drier.Trees and frosts also act a breakwater （防水堤）against rainstorms, which, especially on hillsides, would otherwise wash away much of the topsoil, both around the trees and lower down. The rich humus（腐 殖土壤）that forms the floor of the forests acts a

10、s a sponge海綿）.It holds far more water than the bare earth would be able to hold.The water that is not required by the tree passes through to the subsoil in an orderly manner, feeding the springs, the streams and rivers of the area.As well as protecting the soil from the full effect of rain, the tree

11、s protect it also from erosion 腐 蝕，侵蝕）caused by wind; for wind can blow away bear soil as surely as water can wash it away.習(xí)題：1. “When we think of a whole forest, the total must clearly be vast, even though the amounts vary according to the kind of tree. In this sentence, he total refers to.A: all t

12、he trees in a whole forestB: all the water taken in by the trees in a whole forestC: all the water given off by the trees in a whole forestD: both B and CThe water passes through to the subsoil in an orderly manner.A: requiring not by the treesB: required not by the treesC: not requiring by the tree

13、sD: not required by the treesThe best title for this passage is .A: Trees and WaterB: Tees and ForestsC: Trees and SoilD: Tees and Surroundings.注釋：1 give off （散）發(fā)出（蒸氣），發(fā)散（光線）significant adj.有意義的，重大的，重要的pump n.抽水機(jī)；打氣機(jī)；唧筒抽氣；打氣；（用抽水機(jī)）取水A bicycle pump puts air into the tires.自行車打氣筒把空氣打進(jìn)輪胎里。otherwise adv

14、.另外，否則，不同地，別的方式adj.另外的，其他方面的surrounding adj.周圍的，附近的n.pl.周圍的事物，環(huán)境social surroundings社會(huì)環(huán)境railway surroundings鐵路周圍環(huán)境require 需要The floor requires washing.地板該洗了。I require two children to help me.我需要兩個(gè)孩子來(lái)幫我的忙。要求All passengers are required to show their tickets.所有乘客都必須出示車票。答案：1 C 2 D 3 DPart III READING CO

15、MPREHENSIONSection A Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four reading passages followed by 20 questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are 4 options marked A, B, C and D, you should decide on the best one and mark your response on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe

16、man of Many Secrets Harry Houdini was one of the greatest American entertainers in thetheater this century. He was a man famous for his escapes - from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came

17、 to see the great Houdini and his magic tricks.Of course, his secret was not magic, or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.Houdini started working in the entertainment

18、world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his York club. They called themselves the Houdini brothers. When Harry married in 1894, he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant, but for a long time they were not successful. Then Harry performed his first prison escape, in Chicago in 1898

19、. Harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison, and he invited the local newspaperman to watch.It was the publicity that came from this that started Harry Houdinis success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs 手銬）and toes trained to escape from ankle chains, but

20、 his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck - and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks passed quickly from her mouth to his.Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to

21、 escape from the local jail of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result? World - wide fame, and a name remembered today.According to the passage

22、, Houdinis success in prison escape depends on .his magic tricks and inhuman powershis special tricks and skeleton keyhis unusual ability and skeleton keythis inhuman talents and magic tricksIn the fourth paragraph, the word this refers to .the previous sentencethe publicitythe place, Chicagothe tim

23、e, 1898According to the passage, how did Houdini get the key which helped him unlock prison door?He took the key from his wifes mouth.His wife passed it to his hand while kissing him.His wife gave it to him by a magic trick.He got it in his mouth through a kiss by his wife.It can be inferred from th

24、e passage that Houdini became famous .when he was about 24when he was about 17after the year 1894Before the year 1898According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?Houdini used to be a famous magician in the USA.Houdini was first recognized widely in Chicago.Houdini entered the e

25、ntertainment world together with his wife.Houdini owed his great success to his small skeleton key.Passage TwoThe annual campaign to make Singapores three million people more polite ended yesterday and was immediately followed by another drive to get them to be punctual.Tardiness is not yet a crimin

26、al offence in the island republic, and the National Punctuality Working Committee can only use gentle persuasion. Being on time means being considerate, said committee chairman Toh Weng Cheong. Previous drives made little headway in changing a deeply rooted habit that seems oddly out of place in thi

27、s other wise efficient city - state. Tardiness at dinner parties is usually attributed to Chinese tradition, a belief that older and more important guests were expected to make an entrance after the others.Meanwhile, officials will assess the results of the 15th annual courtesy campaign, a HK $ 2.4

28、million drive to persuade Singaporeans to mind their manners. Earlier courtesy campaigns used posters, films, advertisements in newspapers and magazines to portray considerate behaviour. The publicity this year stressed courtesy through examples of discourtesy. Few countries use elaborate public cam

29、paigns to change behaviour and raise civic consciousness. They have been away of life in Singapore for more than30 years. Some, like the courtesy drive, deal with basic habits and culture. October was first declared Speak Mandarin Month in 1978, an effort to wipe out regional Chinese dialects in fav

30、our of the official tongue.Others focus on problems of the day. The police launched a drive in 1989 to stop abuse of the emergency phone number 999, because one call in five was of the nuisance or non - emergency variety. Some campaigns have been so successful that they have been from 3.5 per cent i

31、n 1960 to 1.2 per cent in 1980, and families who can afford it are now encouraged to Have Three or More. By the early 1980s, the growth of campaigns inspired one exhausted newspaper columnist to suggest a take your campaigns seriously campaign.In the passage, the word tardiness (line 1, para. 2) mos

32、t probably means .punctualityimpolitenessdishonestylatenessThe courtesy drive was launched in Singapore to .develop appropriate personal habitsstress the importance of punctualitymake the people more politeurge the officials to be on timeWhen did the campaign to standardize spoken language begin?In

33、1960.In 1978.In 1980.In 1989.Which of the following is not true?Singapore has always been a highly efficient country in every way.The campaigns are not always very effective in Singapore.Singapore does its best to make its people more polite.Not all the campaigns are launched every year.Which of the

34、 following statements is not directly said, but implied in the passage?All the campaigns are to improve peoples behaviour.There are too many campaigns in Singapore.The more campaigns, the more efficient they are.Almost all campaigns in Singapore dont amount to anything.Passage ThreeThomas Hardys imp

35、ulses as a writer, all of which he indulged in his novels, were numerous and divergent, and they did not always work together in harmony. Hardy was to some degree interested in exploring his characters psychologies, though impelled less by curiosity than by sympathy. Occasionally he felt the impulse

36、 to comedy (in all its detached coldness) as well as the impulse to farce, but he was more often inclined to see tragedy and record it. He was also inclined to literary realism in the several senses of that phrase. He wanted to describe ordinary human beings; he wanted to speculate on their dilemmas

37、 rationally (and, unfortunately, even schematically); and he wanted to record precisely the material universe. Finally, he wanted to be more that a realist. He wanted to transcend what he considered to be banality of solely recording things exactly and to express as well his awareness of the occult

38、and the strange.In his novels these various impulses sacrificed to each other inevitably and often. Inevitably because Hardy did not care in the way that novelists such as Flaubert or James cared and therefore took paths of least resistance. Thus, one impulse often surrendered to a fresher one and,

39、unfortunately, instead of exacting a compromise, simply disappeared. A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give way abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower. In this

40、instance, the new impulse was at least an energetic one, and thus its indulgence did not result in a relaxed style. But on other occasions Hardy abandoned a perilous, risky, and highly energizing impulse in favor of what was for him the fatally relaxing impulse to classify and schematize abstractly.

41、 When a relaxing impulse was indulged, the style? that sure index of an author,s literary worth? was certain to become verbose. Hardys weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the en

42、ergetic and risky ones. He submitted to first one and then another, and the spirit blew where it listed; hence the unevenness of any one of his novels. His most controlled novel, Under Greenwood Tree, prominently exhibits two different but reconcilable impulses? A desire to be a realist interlocking

43、 of plot are not enough to bind the two completely together. Thus even this book splits into distinct parts.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage, based on its content?A.Under the Greenwood Tree:Hardys Ambiguous Triumph.B.The Real and the Strange:The Novelists Shifting

44、 Realms.C.Energy Versus repose; theRole of Ordinary People in Hardys Fiction.D.Hardys Novelistic Impulses: The Problem of Control.The author of the passage considers a writers style to beA.a reliable mans by which to measurethe writers literary meritB.most apparent in those parts of thewriters work

45、that are not realisticC. problematic when the wrier attempts to follow perilous or risky impulsesD. shaped primarily by the writers desire to classify and schematizeThe author implies which of the following about Under the Greenwood Tree in relation to Hardys other novels?In it Hardys novelistic imp

46、ulses are managed somewhat better than in his other novels.It is Hardys most thorough investigation of the psychology of love.Although it is his most controlled novel, it does not exhibit any harsh or risky impulse.It, more than his other novel, reveals hardy as a realist interested in the history o

47、f ordinary human beings.Which of the following can best be the authors attitude towards the works of Thomas Hardy?Totally positive.Objective and criticalTotally negative.Highly critical.Which of the following is the chief method of the authors analysis of Hardys novels in this passage?Comparing Hard

48、y with other famous novelists.Analyzing the development of Hardys impilses.Affirming Hardys success while pointing out imbalance in his novels.A, B and C are included.Passage FourResearchers in London and Bristol have found that men are particularly likely to yield to depression 意（ 志消沉）if their part

49、ners are also depressed.The finding highlights the importance of paying attention to the partners of depressed mothers, as young children themselves vulnerable （容易受傷的）to social problems if both parents are depressed.Researchers in London and at the University of Bristol launched their study to inves

50、tigate whether family structure affects the likelihood of depression in men around the time their child is born. They looked at men from traditional families, men with children from a previous relationship, men whose partners had children by a former partner, and men who were not living with their p

51、artner.All 7018 participants filled out a questionnaire on depression, and answered questions about their age, education level and employment status. Details about the quality of their relationships with their partners, networks of friends and previous life events were also recorded.About 3.5 per ce

52、nt of the men and 13 per cent of their partners suffered depression around the time their child was born. While men in step - families or who were not living with their partners were twice as likely to get depressed as those in traditional families, this could be explained by other factors that are

53、more common in non - traditional families, such as poor education and relationship conflicts.Even allowing for all these factors, however, the partners of women who were suffering from perinatal（ 期的）depression were significantly more likely to become depressed themselves, the researchers report in a

54、n American Journal. Ten per cent of women who were depressed had depressed partners. For the healthy women, the figure was only 2.6 per cent.Previous research suggests that families with two depressed parents may need special attention. A researcher in Atlanta has found that primary schoolchildren w

55、ith two troubled parents have difficulty relating to their peers （同伴）.Its extremely important to look at the whole family, she says.What can we conclude from paragraphs one and two of this passage?Men often beat their children.Depressed women often have depressed partners.All young children are vuln

56、erable to social problems.Women with children often have depressed partners.Why did researchers in London and Bristol carry out such and investigation?To see what kind of family environment is ideal for children to grow up in.To study whether family structure affects depression in men when their chi

57、ld is born.To investigate why so many men get depressed when a child is born.To see whether it is true that behind every depressed man there is a depressed woman.What kind of men were not included as objects in the study?Me from traditional families.Men with children from a previous relationship.Men

58、 who were not living with their partners.Men who have no children.What kind of men are least likely to get depressed when their child was born?Men in stepfamilies.Men who were not living with their partners.Men in traditional families.Men in nontraditional families.Which of the following statements

59、is NOT true?Ten per cent of women who were depressed had depressed partners.2.6 per cent of healthy women were depressed.Special attention should be paid to families in which both the father and the mother were depressed.Primary schoolchildren whose parents were both depressed couldnt get along well

60、 with their peers.Section B Skimming and ScanningDirections: In this part there are 3 reading passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Skim or scan them and decide on the best answer and mark your response on the ANSWER