簡易稿2014326簡答題答題突破長沙2014高考研討會(陳春華）

1、2014 英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀填空與簡答長郡中學(xué) 陳春華2014年3月27日于長沙市雅禮中學(xué)Know yourself, know your enemy, and you will win every war. 孫 子Do you know? 考試內(nèi)容： 考試目標(biāo)：語言知識語境信息1.語言知識運用2. 語言理解3. 語言表達一、專題探究背景：二、近四年閱讀填空、閱讀簡答考核目標(biāo)情況對比分析及其對教學(xué)的啟示三、指導(dǎo)考生備考閱讀填空和簡答題必須解決幾個問題據(jù)此，從教師的層面上說備考，我們自己必須要弄清楚以下幾個問題：問題1：高考閱讀填空和簡答題的考試內(nèi)容是什么？ 問題2：高考閱讀填空和簡答題的考試目

2、標(biāo)是什么？問題3：閱讀填空與閱讀簡答題型有哪些異同？一、專題探究背景： 閱讀填空 簡答題問題3：閱讀填空與閱讀簡答題型有哪些異同？一、專題探究背景： 要求考生理解所給短文的主旨大意和關(guān)鍵細節(jié)，把握文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系，完成對所給短文進行的轉(zhuǎn)述或摘要。主要考查考生獲取信息和處理信息以及用英語進行思維和表達的能力。要求考生閱讀文章后，根據(jù)各小題的具體要求，簡要回答問題。主要考查考生對所讀短文的主要信息進行轉(zhuǎn)述的能力。語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)文章內(nèi)容的細節(jié)近四年閱讀填空對比分析： 內(nèi)容、考核目標(biāo)、考生水平評價分析結(jié)果對教學(xué)的啟示 考生總體水平差、上升空間大3 制約學(xué)生得分的誘因分析 1） 讀不懂文章 2 ）

3、沒有真正讀懂文章 3 ） 審題失誤 4 ） 識別隱形細節(jié)能力受限二、近四年閱讀填空、閱讀簡答考試目標(biāo)情況對比分析及其對教學(xué)的啟示年份篇章主旨題段落主旨題信息轉(zhuǎn)換題直接信息題201312702012114420111450201011532 近四年閱讀簡答考試考核目標(biāo)情況對比分析題型直接記錄間接記錄簡單轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)雜轉(zhuǎn)換概括表達2012年短文填空2013湖南省高考英語語言能力題的考試內(nèi)容及分布20122013閱讀填空考核目標(biāo)情況對比分析20122013簡答題考核目標(biāo)情況對比分析題型直接記錄間接記錄簡單轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)雜轉(zhuǎn)換概括表達2012年 簡答題 2013年12122分析結(jié)果對教學(xué)的

4、啟示：？制約學(xué)生得分的誘因分析1） 讀不懂文章2 ） 沒有真正讀懂文章3 ） 審題失誤4 ） 識別隱形細節(jié)能力受限信息定位偏差5 ）語言表達能力不強 語言知識的沉淀不夠：同義/近義詞、同義、 近義詞塊 語法知識的內(nèi)化不靈：詞類之間、句型之間、 從句轉(zhuǎn)非謂語、同義句式的轉(zhuǎn)換等6） 問題與答案承接不和不知道如何答題7） 概述提煉信息的能力差不知道如何提煉概述8） 閱讀語篇中句子與句子間的邏輯關(guān)系不清1 掌握英語說明文的結(jié)構(gòu)特征是提分的保證。閱讀填空題提分途徑年份20092010201120122013體裁說明文說明文說明文說明文說明文題材環(huán)保時尚學(xué)徒時期對青少年有用的三類網(wǎng)站河流治理網(wǎng)絡(luò)公開課詞數(shù)

5、343266282270271Reading strategy:reading expository writing（說明文）introduction of subjectsupporting details(examples,facts)conclusiona subjectintroduction of subjectsupporting details(examples,facts)conclusiona subjectM4U1Title：Para. 1 Para. 2-5說明文結(jié)構(gòu)圖2012卷River ControlReasonsto supply adequate water fo

6、r: daily life power navigatiionto stop rivers from flooding Para. 4-5dam constructionExplanationExample:In Europe, 19th centuryThe Tisza RiverAchievements:past 50 yers21st century800,000 dams200 meters highWarning:harmful to environmentInfluence inPara. 2-3channelizationWays2 概括表達并不可怕！閱讀填空題提分途徑1 幫助學(xué)

7、生歸納并熟記常用的表概括意義單詞；2 鼓勵學(xué)生根據(jù)提示的細節(jié)推斷歸納和概括題的答案。閱讀填空題提分途徑2 鼓勵學(xué)生根據(jù)提示的細節(jié)推斷歸納和概括題的答案。 例1：（2009） Key： 78 Problems 78 with fashionTextile productionCotton-planting: use of pesticides79 : global warmingSynthetics-making: harmful waste80 Consuming a great deal of energyUsing harmful chemicalsProducing a lot of w

8、asteConsumption levels & shopping habitsNew clothes: bought 81Old clothes: thrown away quicklyTitle:_71waysto _73_ adequate water for:daily life, _74_ and industrypower generationnavigation_722012to stop rivers from _75_71. River Control 72 Reasons 3 教會學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)換信息的方法 實用常見的方法：短語-單詞化（同義詞、反義詞）句子-短語化、單詞轉(zhuǎn)化：單詞

9、縮略 單詞合成 詞類轉(zhuǎn)化所有格形式“S”代替介詞of刪除多余信息等 短語-單詞化運用所積累的詞匯來同義或反義替代相關(guān)信息 。1. We are not in favor of smoking in public places. Were _ smoking in public. against2. It is time to put an end to racial discrimination. It is time to _ racial discrimination.end3. At no time should we make fun of others. _ should we la

10、ugh at others.Never句子-短語化1. The girl who had been caught stealing was set free at last. The girl _ was set free at last.caught stealing2. While he was reading the book, he heard a loud noise. _, he heard a loud noise.Reading the bookWord-transformation單詞轉(zhuǎn)化Shortening單詞縮略 Blending單詞合成Conversion詞類轉(zhuǎn)化單詞縮

11、略1. the Peoples Republic ofChina2. British BroadcastingCorporation3. International Olympics Committee4. the United States of AmericaBBCPRCIOCUSAPractice 單詞合成1. high technology 2. motor hotel3. sky laboratory4. medical aid5. medical carehigh-techmotelskylabmedicaid醫(yī)療救助 medicare醫(yī)療保險 詞類轉(zhuǎn)化詞類轉(zhuǎn)換：動詞-名詞名詞-動

12、詞或形容詞名詞或形容詞-為動詞形容詞-副詞1. Is it possible for the police to find the missing boy?Is there any _ that the police will find the missing boy?possibility詞類轉(zhuǎn)化2. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didnt find out we were depressed until we were in high school.We never experienced _when we were in chil

13、dhood.depressionD 用名詞所有格形式“S”代替介詞ofthe old-growing of the baby boomers“ Baby boomers old growingthe power of government the governments powera friend of her mother her mothers friendE 刪除次要信息， 提煉句子的主體內(nèi)容。Theme Host families are improving the accommodation quality77. _1）Language study78. _2）Cultural co

14、mmunication79. _ Knowing the local way of life, people and culture78題的信息句“Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster,”Possibly becoming faster Communicating with hosts Livi

15、ng in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their host parents閱讀簡答題提分途徑除了上面提到的方法，教師在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生備考簡答題是還應(yīng)注意：1 精準(zhǔn)定位與原文中匹配的答案信息1）原詞定位。2）近義詞定位。顯性語境隱形語境就近年來的真題來看，90%的題目考試的內(nèi)容是顯性語境。201281. Why did the author apply everywhere that summer？(No more t

16、han 12 words) 81. He wanted to save up money and buy his own car.題干關(guān)鍵詞apply everywhere信息源定位在文章第二段第三行“I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. ”。 I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a

17、 clean environment and particularly, fast service with a friendly smile._82. What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do？(No more than 14 words) (2 marks) 由關(guān)鍵詞定位The manager expected a clean environment and particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.I realized right away that wor

18、king at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.82. What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do？(No more than 14 words) (2 marks)The manager particularly expect the workers to offer fast

19、 service with a friendly smile.1 精準(zhǔn)定位與原文中匹配的答案信息1）原詞定位。2）近義詞定位。顯性語境隱形語境就近年來的真題來看，90%的題目考試的內(nèi)容是顯性語境。答案解析時，通過PPT使思維的過程變得直觀，讓學(xué)生明白答案的來龍去脈。以2013年的簡答題為例： 第一段最后But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice；通過第二段的A week or two later, I set up an interv

20、iew with her and we discussed her project at length.和第三段開頭Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May81. In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? 81. She was giving free advice.定位信息詞“Podell、 different”1 精準(zhǔn)定位與原文中匹配的答案信息1）原詞定位。2）近義詞定位。顯性語境隱形語境 3 通過專題的形式加強對學(xué)生 跨

21、段跨句 的整合信息的能力培養(yǎng)。 答案解析時，通過PPT使思維的過程變得直觀，讓學(xué)生明白答案的來龍去脈。From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life._84.

22、 What did the author learn from his first job？(No more than 11 words) (3 marks)_由 learn from 定位到信息 I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.84. What did the author learn from his first job？(No more than 11 words) (3 marks)_From my first

23、job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.He learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situatio

24、ns思考：因詞數(shù)的限定我們?nèi)绾无D(zhuǎn)換信息？主句還是從句？in rough situations 20114 關(guān)注 what, why, how, when的提問方式，進行專門的答題訓(xùn)練81 What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have? （2010）They will feel greatly surprised.84 What kind of people does secret Santas in the passage refer to? （2010）It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas82 What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago? （2011）She failed to jog to the end of the street.83 What excuses did