《被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)》課件（語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)） (2)

1、WELCOME語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) （Revision of the Passive Voice)1 單詞接力賽 2任務(wù) 復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn):A.熟記結(jié)構(gòu)B.明確用法難點(diǎn)C.熟練轉(zhuǎn)換難點(diǎn)D.注意特例了解* E.注意區(qū)別了解* F.相關(guān)句型31.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去分詞（pp）”。(不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 這類動(dòng)詞有：happen（發(fā)生）, take place（發(fā)生） , break out（爆發(fā)）, die（死亡）, become（成為）, appear（出現(xiàn)）, disappear（消失）, last（持續(xù)）, set out（出發(fā)）等。)A.熟記結(jié)構(gòu)口訣:

2、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變, 過(guò)去分詞跟后面.Be動(dòng)詞的五種變化形式：原 形 be現(xiàn)在時(shí) am ,is ,are 過(guò)去時(shí) was , were現(xiàn)在分詞 being過(guò)去分詞 been42.各種時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)是通過(guò)be的時(shí)態(tài)變化來(lái)表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。其具體變化為： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are done一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was / were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are being done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has been done過(guò)去完成時(shí)： had been done一般將來(lái)時(shí)

3、： shall / will be done ; be going to be done當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must / have tobe done He said the factory had been opened . 他說(shuō)這家工廠已經(jīng)開(kāi)張。The pen has been used for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。The work will be finished in three ho

4、urs. 工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是1969年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。53.例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to

5、 get supper ready after school last night Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be CHas Dhave （選D?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）（選C?？疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）（選B。考查含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))6B明確用法 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于以下兩種情況： 1不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者； 2強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。例如： 這棵樹(shù)是那個(gè)男孩砍斷的。 The tree _ _

6、by that boy 歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)有必要； 動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。was cut7主動(dòng)句The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.被動(dòng)句The window was broken by the naughty boy yesterday.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)介賓123步驟二步驟一步驟三原賓變主主格變。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be字變,過(guò)去分詞跟后面.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞break改為被動(dòng)形式：be + 過(guò)去分詞。原主變賓by后見(jiàn)（有時(shí)by短語(yǔ)可以省略）。C熟練轉(zhuǎn)換8教你一招賓變主，主變賓，by短語(yǔ)后面跟。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過(guò)

7、分”來(lái)使用9常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。引入練習(xí)1。請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Lucy bought some fruit. Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day. The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998? _ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _

8、Lu Xun?5.The farmers dont grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.小結(jié)：1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換，在be+過(guò)去分詞中，確定_ 是關(guān)鍵，_永不變。2、Be的時(shí)態(tài)由_確定；be的單/復(fù)數(shù)由_確定。3、問(wèn)句提前_; 否定_后加not.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written by arent grownwasnt cleanedbe

9、 形過(guò)去分詞主動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞be10(二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。引入練習(xí)2。請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.You can do the work all by yourself. The work _ _ _ all by yourself.2.We must plant more trees. More trees _ _ _.3.We should dig a large hole. A large hole _ _ _.4.Can we put our bikes here? _ our bikes _ _ here?5.You mustnt throw rubb

10、ish here. Rubbish _ _ _ here.6.We cant see many stars. Many stars _ _ _ . 小結(jié)：1.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)： _ .2.疑問(wèn)句提前_; 否定句：_+not.can be donemust be plantedshould be dugCanbe putmustnt be thrown cant be seen 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be (永遠(yuǎn)是原形)+過(guò)去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞11D注意特例 將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意幾個(gè)特殊情況： 1含雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法： 將間接賓語(yǔ)(sb)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)保持不變； 將直

11、接賓語(yǔ)(sth)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。12提示(必背)a. 把直接賓語(yǔ)(sth)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)后，間接賓語(yǔ)(sb)前通常要加上介詞to的有：write ,pass,give,lend,sell,show,hand等。 b.把直接賓語(yǔ)(sth)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)后，間接賓語(yǔ)(sb)前通常要加上介詞for的有：有make,buy,find,draw等。13練習(xí)例： 1.Her mother gave her a new pen A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 2.She wrote us a letter. 3.She made her son a pair

12、 of new shoes.4.He found Jim a seat.5. He bought me a computer.A letter was writtento us.was given toA pair of new shoes was madeforher son by her.A seat was foundfor Jim.A computer was boughtfor me.142短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要將短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake a

13、way Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） be taken good care of15動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。改正下列轉(zhuǎn)換中的錯(cuò)誤：1.People often talk about the film. 誤：The film is often talked. 正：2.Lily looked after the baby. 誤：The baby was looked by Lily

14、. 正：3.We shouldnt give up the work. 誤：The work shouldnt be given . 正：4.We cant work out the problem. 誤：The problem cant be worked. 正： The film is often talked about.The baby was looked after by Lily. The work shouldnt be given up.The problem cant be worked out.練習(xí)4165.We must take good care of young

15、trees. 誤：Young trees must be taken good care. 正：6.We must write to him. 誤：He must be written. 正： 小結(jié)：動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)， 不能丟掉其中的_。Young trees must be taken good care of.He must be written to.介詞或副詞 173含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to必須補(bǔ)上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qia

16、nling Lake yesterday（變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 4不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為“to be 過(guò)去分詞”。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C was seen to18請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。引入練習(xí)5。 1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. The horses_ _ _ _

17、 the whole day.2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake. The twins _ _ _ _ _ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room. A mouse _ _ _ _ into the room.4.I often hear him sing English songs. He _ often _ _ _ English songs.5.I saw Lucy playing in the park just now. Lucy _ _ _ in the park just n

18、ow.6.They watched the children sing that morning. The children _ _ _ _ that morning.小結(jié):1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省略to的賓補(bǔ)在被動(dòng)中應(yīng)_.如以上 _題.2.其它形式的賓補(bǔ)在被動(dòng)中_.如以上_題。 were made to workare asked not to swim was seen to runisheard to singwas seen playingwere watched to sing補(bǔ)上to1、3、4、6不變2、519了解* 5以疑問(wèn)代詞開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句時(shí)要注意詞序：應(yīng)將主動(dòng)句中的疑問(wèn)代詞

19、改為介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，但仍然放在句子開(kāi)頭。例如： Who has broken the cup？By whom has the cup been broken？ 20了解* 6有的動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義1）感官動(dòng)詞 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth .2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open

20、常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。尤其是有副詞 well, easily時(shí)。 The book sells well . ( 這本書銷路很好。 ) The door will not open . ( 這扇門就是打不開(kāi)。 ) This dress washes better . ( 這衣服較好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 這牌子告示如下。 ) 21了解* E注意區(qū)別 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 1）含義不同：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作由誰(shuí)完成、怎樣完成；而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)描寫情景，敘述人或事物的特征及所處的狀態(tài)。試比較： The window is

21、 broken窗子破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 2）用法不同：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被 so，very，too等程度副詞修飾，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則不能用so，very，too修飾，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修飾。試比較： He was very interested in science他對(duì)科學(xué)有極大興趣。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)） I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那種場(chǎng)面搞得大吃一驚，不知所措。（被動(dòng)

22、語(yǔ)態(tài)） 22了解* F相關(guān)句型 初中教材中與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有： 1be covered with被覆蓋 2be made of由制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from由制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3be used for被用來(lái) be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）來(lái)使用 be used to do sth被用來(lái)做某事 4It is said that據(jù)說(shuō) It is hoped that希望 It is well known that眾所周知23例如： Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotto

23、n？ YesIts _ Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 據(jù)說(shuō)在南京長(zhǎng)江上又在建一座橋。 _ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in NanjingBAIt is saidanotherbuiltbridge241.到了初三隨著英語(yǔ)單詞量的不斷增加，難

24、度的不斷提高，有些學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)漸漸失去了學(xué)習(xí)的興趣。以四人小組為單位用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)列舉學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要性，讓他們好好學(xué)習(xí)。然后派代表說(shuō)出討論結(jié)果。并用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)寫出一篇有知英語(yǔ)的重要性的作文.下面是一組學(xué)生的匯報(bào)： English is used as an international language. English is the most widely spoken. English is widely used for business. Half the worlds telephone calls are made in English.Homework252把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句: 1.Th

25、ey asked me to come a little later. I _ _ to come a little later. 2.Women often talk about food and clothes. Food and clothes _ often _ about by women. 3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing? _this kind of truck _ in Nanjing? 4.We must clean our teeth twice a day. Our teeth must _ _ twice a da

26、y. 5.Can I answer this question in simple English? _this question _ _ in simple English? 6.You may clean the room after work. The room may _ _ after work. 7.We use brooms for sweeping the floor. Brooms_ _for sweeping the floor. 8. They built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown last year. Qu

27、ite a few tall buildings _ _ in their hometown last year.9. You must not put the bike there. The bike _ _ _there. 10. Can you see the stars in the daytime? Can the stars _ _in the daytime? 26be3.Fill in the missing words according to the passage. Several days ago a large tiger escaped from the zoo b

28、ecause it (1)_fed well. One morning the tiger was seen (2)_run into a small forest near the city (3)_Some people. The people (4)_the police about it at once. They said that the tiger was very strong ,but the animals around it (5)_not hit. The police warned people not to go out during the night. Tom

29、was made not（6）_ go to school that day. The police(7)_ asked to find out the tiger quickly and kill it. But the police said the tiger should(8) _ protected and well looked after if it was found out. In the evening a big net was put around the Forest by the police. Some sheep (9)_tied to the trees be

30、hind the net. When the sheep were heard (10)_ bleat , the hungry tiger ran out to catch them. At last the tiger was caught and it was (11)_back to the zoo. Now the tiger (12)_ taken good care (13)_. It must (14)_given the most food because it is the largest.wasnttobytoldweretowerebeweretotakenisofbe

31、27在下列情況下要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1. 行為主體不明確，不必說(shuō)出或者無(wú)法說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如：Football is played all over the world.2. 不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如：我的自行車被盜了。3. 漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)、據(jù)悉、有人說(shuō)、大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。如：據(jù)說(shuō)，有一天他爬到一所房子的頂上，往煙囪下面扔了一些錢。4. 漢語(yǔ)中含有“被、由”等詞時(shí)。如：魏華是被林濤叫來(lái)的。課外補(bǔ)充It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chim

32、ney.Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.My bike was stolen.285. 漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“被、由”等詞，而在原句中試加這類詞且句意通順時(shí)。如：這些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在“是”后面可以加上“由”） 6. 某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：He was born in October， 1989.7. 表示禮貌時(shí)。如：敬請(qǐng)您明天晚上8：00光臨我們的英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)。These songs are usually sung by boys.You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m. tomorrow.29在以下10種情況下均不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1. 不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：正：誤：The story was happened in London.2. 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如hav