高中英語語法——動詞ing形式的用法

1、The ing form as the Subject , Object ，Predictive, Attributive and Object ComplementGrammar 加連詞（and / but / so） 放入從句 用非謂語動詞 在英語中，一個獨(dú)立句子里只能有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，如果出現(xiàn)多個動詞：Q: 什么時候用非謂語動詞？Q: 什么是非謂語動詞？There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Whenever he was asked why he

2、 was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always offering the same excuse.In the dream Peter saw himself ran after by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket covering the desert. 找出下列句子中的謂語 及非謂語have beenaddedwould answerofferingsawwokerunlookedc

3、overing謂語非謂語4過去分詞 v-ed不定式 to + v.動詞的v-ing非謂語動詞Q: 非謂語動詞有哪些？Have you ever seen these signs?parking, spitting, littering, smoking-ing forms指出-ing形式在下面句中的成分。Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.He enjoys listening to violin music.China is a developing country.The music is exciting.We he

4、ard her singing in her room.Being ill, she went back home.主語賓語定語表語賓語補(bǔ)足語狀語The ing form構(gòu)成：1.一般情況 rain-2.以e結(jié)尾的動詞 hope-3.重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞 stop- 4.以ie結(jié)尾的動詞 die- lie- tie-raininghopingstoppingdyinglyingtying歸納總結(jié)：動詞-ing是_中的一種，單獨(dú)使用時，能在句中做除_之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)等。在語態(tài)上，動詞-ing表示_（主動/被動)的動作。在時間上，動詞-ing一般表示_（正

5、在進(jìn)行/已經(jīng)完成）的動作。 動詞非謂語形式謂語主動正在進(jìn)行1. 動詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成: 是在動詞末尾加-ing 形式構(gòu)成, 因此又叫動詞的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式: not+ -ing 構(gòu)成2. 動詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語, 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但可以有自己的賓語和狀語, 還有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。3. 動詞-ing形式由動詞加-ing變化而成, 它同時具有名詞和動詞的特征, 在句中可以作主語、賓語等。Ing 時 態(tài) 和 語 態(tài) 類 別 及 物動 詞形式主 動被 動一般式doing being done 完成式

6、having donehaving been done重點(diǎn)注：否定式在其一般式和完成式前面加not一、動詞-ing形式作主語 表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài), 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。如： 1）Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 2）Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 3）Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 4）Asking a womans age is impolite in our cou

7、ntry. 2. -ing形式作主語時常后置, 此時須用it作形式主語, 用形容詞或名詞作表語。常見的名詞或名詞短語有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time 等; 形容詞有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。歸納：常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪費(fèi)時間的It is/was no good/use doing 做是沒益/用處的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth d

8、oing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There be no doing 無法 ， 不允許和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock這事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort若要人不知，除非己莫為。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it這種事開不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matter.There is no sense in doing 做、沒有道理Th

9、ere is/was no use doing 干、無意義 There is/was nothing worse than doing 沒有比、更糟的There is/was no point doing 干、無意義我們不知道要去哪兒。There was no knowing where we would go. 做這件傻事毫無意義。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 3. 在there be no.結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語, 這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“It is impossible to do ”。There is no sense in doing

10、做沒有道理There is/was no use doing 做無意義 There is/was nothing worse than doing 沒有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 做無意義1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it若要人不知, 除非己莫為。2)There is no joking about such matter.這種事開不得玩笑。3)There was no knowing when he would leave.無法知道他什么時候離開。Try to tell the meaning of

11、each sentence.注意: There is no need to do sth 沒必要做某事, 在此句式中to do 不可換為doing.There is no need to tell her. 提示: 當(dāng)動名詞用作主語時, 其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。1）My sisters being ill made me worried.2）Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.動名詞與不定式做主語時的比較：動名詞表示的動作通常是一個習(xí)慣性的長期進(jìn)行的動作, 不定式則通常表示動作的一次性或短暫性。e

12、.g.1）Teaching English is my job.2）Finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.3）To reach there on time is my task.二、動名詞用作賓語 動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。1. 只能后接-ing作賓語的動詞, 常見的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand, ex

13、cuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward, feel like等。e.g.1）I cant avoid going2）Have you considered looking for one special friend?3）People couldnt help laughing foolish man避免錯過少延期 avoid/ miss/ delay/ postpone建議完成多練習(xí) suggest/advise/finish/complete/ practice喜歡想象禁不住 enjoy/ imagine/

14、cant help承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒 admit/ deny/ envy逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫寬恕 escape/ risk/ forgive/ excuse忍受保持不介意 stand/ keep/ mind允許感激和考慮 allow/ permit/ appreciate/ consider明白鼓勵要禁止 understand/ encourage/ forbid2. 既可接-ing和to do作賓語的動詞, 常見的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。A. 在 like, love,

15、hate, prefer等動詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同, 只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同, ing表示泛指的動作, to do表示具體的一次性動作。B. 在 begin/start, continue之后, 用動名詞和不定式, 意義沒有什么不同, 尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時候。 C. 在動詞forget, remember, regret之后, 用動名詞與不定式意義不同。-ing 表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,-to do 表示動作還沒發(fā)生；I remember posting the letterIll remember to post the letterI shall never forget se

16、eing the famous writerDont forget to write to your motherI regret missing the reportI regret to say I cant take your adviceD. 意義各不相同try to do (設(shè)法) mean to do (打算, 有意要做) try doing (試試) mean doing (意思是, 意味著)be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事 be used to do 被用來做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能幫助做某事E. go

17、on doing 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事; go on to do 接著做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。3. 在介詞后接動名詞作賓語1) I insist on taking proper food for this trip2) Instead of smiling, each of them made a face3) She was very interested in working for our company注：下列短語中的to都是介詞, 所以動詞要接-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay att

18、ention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。 3. need, require, want,作“需要”解時, 后接動詞-ing形式作賓語, 主動形式表示被動意義, 相當(dāng)于to be done。如： The radio needs / requires / wants repairing / to be repaired. deserve注意 動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指在動詞-ing形式前面加上邏輯主語來強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者，該邏輯主語常為形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格；當(dāng)邏輯主語不出現(xiàn)在句首時，可用

19、人稱代詞的賓格代替形容詞性物主代詞或用名詞普通格代替名詞的所有格。如：Im annoyed about Johns forgetting to pay.I really cant understand you treating her like that. 2. 動詞-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，帶有邏輯主語時not應(yīng)在動詞-ing形式之前。如：Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad.Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents worried. 即時練習(xí) 從 A、B、

20、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having hadC. Have D. HavingD2. The parents suggested _ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleepC. sleeping D. having

21、 sleptC3. How I regret _ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder.A. to waste B. wasting C. wasted D. being wastedB- Practise -It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired- Practise -My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to

22、help B. help C. helping D. helpedWe should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking- Practise -He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied- Practise -We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on

23、vocation (休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation- Practise - All the staff on our company are considering _to the city centre for the fashion show. Ato go Bgoing Cto have gone Dhaving gone- Practise - Robert is indeed a wise man.- Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _

24、 his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking_ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known- Practise -作表語（1）動名詞My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her

25、 full-time job.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞The play is exciting. Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.動名詞做表語對主語解釋說明，可與句子的主語互換，不影響原意?，F(xiàn)在分詞的動作是句中主語發(fā)出的，主語與分詞存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系，不能與主語互換位置。三、-ing形式作定語1. 單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面, 既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。e.g.building

26、 materials = materials for building 建筑材料drinking water = water for drinkinga walking stick = a stick for walkinga reading room = a room for reading a writing desk = a desk for writingtiring music = music that is tiring a surprising result= a result that is surprising 2. ing 形式短語作定語時, 放在所修飾的名詞之后, 并且在

27、意思上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。1）They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 2）The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 3）Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 3.

28、-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語, 相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句, 這時, 它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。1) His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 2) The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the bree

29、ze, had a good crop of fruit. 四、-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1) 動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面, 表示一個正在進(jìn)行的主動性的動作, 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。如：(1)When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. (2)We found the snake eating the eggs. 2) 當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時, 原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。如： They found the result very satisf

30、ying. = The result is found very satisfying. They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room.2. 能用-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動詞: 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞, 常見的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。 a. We saw a light burning in the window. b. I felt somebody pat

31、ting me on the shoulder. c. Can you smell anything burning? d. As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. e. I didnt notice him waiting.2) 表示指使意義的動詞, 常見的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I can

32、t get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.3. see, hear, feel, watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別： 前者表示動作正在進(jìn)行, 而后者表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào)) 動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如:We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.我們走過教室, 看見老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(只在走過教室的剎那間, 看見老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)) 五、-ing形式作表語 -ing形式作表語時放在系動詞之后, 用來泛

33、指某種動作或行為, 以說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。1) Her hobby is painting. 2) My job is looking after the children.3) His concern for his mother is most touching.4) She was very pleasing in her appearance.六.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時, 分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語, 分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系, 否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。但要注意它的各種形式變化:主動形式 被動形式 V-ing being V-ed having V

34、-ed having been V-ed 一般式完成式e. g. 1) Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. (聽見和進(jìn)入兩個動作同時發(fā)生)2) The building being built now is our new library. (being built為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式, 表示動作正在進(jìn)行之中)3) Having done the work, he went home. 主動形式 被動形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式完成式

35、現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語, 修飾謂語動詞或整個句子, 表示動作發(fā)生的原因、時間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨等?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語(通常用不定式表目的地狀語)。1）Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.1表時間狀語2表原因狀語1）Being ill, he didnt go to school.=As he was ill, he didnt go to school.2）

36、Being a student, you should study hard.=Since you are a student, you should study hard. 3 表方式、伴隨情況的狀語: 作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作, 必須是主語的一個動作, 或是與謂語所表示地動作(或狀態(tài))同時發(fā)生, 或是對謂語表示的動詞(或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說明。1) He sat on the sofa, watching TV.=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.2) 他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.Laug

37、hing and talking4 表結(jié)果e.g. 1) Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.2) The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song5 表?xiàng)l件1) Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, yo

38、u will find a way._, you will see a white house.2) Walking ahead6 與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格: 1) I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard2) All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 3) Time permitting, well do another two exercises. *有時也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格) +分詞形式。 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 7 作獨(dú)立成分: 1) Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 1. What made you so upset? _ two tickets to the pop music c