高考英語語法專攻-《定語從句》-考點(diǎn)歸納+針對(duì)性練習(xí)

1、高中英語語法專攻-定語從句類別作用形式關(guān)系代詞/副詞例句限制性定語從句修飾先行詞，是先行 詞/、口缺少的部分， 去掉后主句意思不 明確緊跟于先行詞后，無逗士|71關(guān)系代詞：that/who/wh hich/whose 關(guān)系副詞：om/wShe is the gril who wanted to see you她就是那個(gè)想見 你的女孩when/where/why 有些情況卜可省非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行血J,也 可修飾一個(gè)句子，是用逗號(hào)與其修飾的句子/不口用that且/、可省略引導(dǎo)，The football team was relegated to a lower對(duì)先行詞/句子的附 加說明，

2、去掉不會(huì)影 響主句思思訊group,which wasunexpected球隊(duì)降級(jí)了,真是出乎意料【考點(diǎn)1-關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞】 限定性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象作主語作賓語作定語人Who/thatWhom/that （可省略）whose物Which/thatWhich/that （可省略）whose人/物thatthatwhose非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞指代對(duì)象作主語作賓語作定語人whowhomWhose/of whom物whichwhichWhose/of which關(guān)系副詞用法/特殊情況例句When主要用于修飾表時(shí)間的名詞，在從句There comes a time when yo

3、u have（during/on/in/atwhich）中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語|time作先行詞，如作 次數(shù)”講，用thatto make a choice你必須做出抉擇的時(shí)候到了引導(dǎo)或省去引導(dǎo)詞；如作 時(shí)間”講，則The first time(that)I entered the可用that/when引導(dǎo)college was in 1998我第一次進(jìn)入這所學(xué)院是在1998年Where主要用于修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，在定語This is the village where he was(in/on/at/to which)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語born.這就是他出生的村子Why(for which)主用于修飾

4、表原因的名詞(主要是theWe didn town the reason why hereason ,在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語didn t show up.們不知道他為何沒來.who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal.可能有些人會(huì)騎車，就是為了得到那份免費(fèi)餐。.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，常可省略。Do you know the boy(whom) we met at the gate?你認(rèn)識(shí)我們?cè)陂T口碰到的那個(gè)男孩嗎？.which指物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)

5、常可省略。The exact year(which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安杰拉和她的家人在中國(guó)共同度過的確切年份是2008年。.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語 或賓語，作賓語時(shí)常可省略。She is the pop star(that) I want to see very much.她就是那位我非常想見的明星。Among the many dangers(which/that) sailors have to face,probably

6、 the greatest of all is fog.在海員們要面對(duì)的許多危險(xiǎn)中，最嚴(yán)重的可能就是霧。.whose可指人或物，修飾名詞或代詞，在定語從句中充當(dāng)定語?！皐hose+詞”可改 為 “the+詞+of which/whom ”或 “of which/whom the銘詞”。The books on the desk,whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.桌子上的這些書是給我們的獎(jiǎng)品，它們的封面很亮。His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class

7、 whose activity would infect（感染）other students他在場(chǎng)意味著在課堂上我有一位意想不到的助 教 ,他的活動(dòng)將感染其他學(xué)生。The house whose windows are very large is my uncle s.=Theouse of which the windows are very large is my uncle 那個(gè)窗子非常大的房子是我叔叔的。 s.as可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語。引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞前常有as,the same,so,such修飾，且在從句中作主 語、賓語或表語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞要用as

8、。It was so difficult a problem as nobody in my class could work out.（as作 work out 的賓語 ）這個(gè)問題很難以至于我們班里沒有人能解出來。注意:so/suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從何，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從何的任 何成分。It was so difficult a problem that nobody in my class could work it out.（work out 已 經(jīng)有賓語,that只起連接作用） （2）as 可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,代指整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,從句中常用的謂語動(dòng)詞為s

9、ee,say,hear,expect,know,repc#,常譯為 正如，正像”其引導(dǎo)的從何可以放在主 句前面也可以放在主句后面。Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.許多美洲印第安人都很重視沉默,認(rèn)為它是人與人之間進(jìn)行交流的一個(gè)基本組成部分 ,就像一些傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)人和泰國(guó)人認(rèn)為的一樣。.when 指 時(shí) 間 , 在 定 語 從 句 中 作 時(shí)

10、 間 狀 語 。 其 先 行 詞 是 表 示 時(shí) 間 的 名 詞 time,day,week,year,monthlr，常用 on which,in which,at which,during which 等代替。 As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.作為家中最小的孩子,亞歷克斯總是渴望自己能夠獨(dú)立的日子。The fact that such practices remain officially unac

11、cepted reflects how far we haven tcome as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.此做法仍未被正式接受,這個(gè)事實(shí)反映了我們還沒從期望每個(gè)全職工作者需得到全職家務(wù)料理者的支持的社會(huì)里走出來。.where 指地點(diǎn) ,在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”代替。The house where/in which he lives is near the ri

12、ver.他住的房子在河邊。注意:高考對(duì)where的考查趨于復(fù)雜，先行詞由 明顯的地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)為模糊的地點(diǎn)”或者說 “抽象的地點(diǎn)”。這些名詞有:stage,case,position,situation,point,occasion,activity等。I realized that I had created a life where I was not a central figure!我意識(shí)到我創(chuàng)造了一種生活,在其中我并非主角。.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，可用for which來替代。why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。Tell me the reason why/for which

13、you came late.告訴我你來晚了的原因。注意:用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語,就必須要用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞?！究键c(diǎn)2-關(guān)系代詞必須用that 的情況】.當(dāng)先行詞是 everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定 代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much不定代詞修飾時(shí)。There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “ Hannah Plsac

14、e ” ,somethinthgat Hannah is very proud of.在Winnipeg這個(gè)地方有個(gè)叫HannaH s Plac的應(yīng)急庇護(hù)所，這是Hannah為之自豪的地方。.先行詞被 the only,the very,the same,the la咻修飾時(shí)。This is the last place that I want to visit.這是我最不想?yún)⒂^的地方。.先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best novel that I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的一部小說。.先行詞是數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This is the t

15、hird dictionary that I have used.這是我用過的第三本字典。.當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)含有表示人和物的名詞時(shí)。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested 我們談?wù)摿宋覀兏?興趣的人和事。.以who 或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句,為避免重復(fù)時(shí)。Who is the man that is standing under the tree?站在樹下的那個(gè)人是誰?注意:Qingdao is the most beautiful city where I have ever worked

16、.（即使有最高級(jí)修 飾先行詞city,但從旬中work為不及物動(dòng)詞，先行詞只做其地點(diǎn)狀語，故要用關(guān)系 副詞 ）前面所述幾種情況已有前提:需要用關(guān)系代詞時(shí),遇到這幾種情況才選用that。【考點(diǎn)3-關(guān)系代詞不能用that 的情況】.在 “介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞只能用指物的which 和指人的whom。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.這就是我們?nèi)ケ本┏说哪橇谢疖嚒?在非限制性定語從句（即通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,若去掉整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá)完整意義的定語從句）中。When the war was near,Alia was worri

17、ed that the fires of war would destroy the books,which are more precious to her than mountains of gold.當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)臨近時(shí),Alia 擔(dān)心戰(zhàn)火會(huì)把這些圖書毀掉,這些圖書對(duì)她來說比金山更珍貴。.指人時(shí)，當(dāng)先行詞為everybody,anybody,everyone,anyon#時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用who, 不用that。Is there anyone who can answer this question?有誰能回答這個(gè)問題?.先行詞本身是指示代詞that或those時(shí),關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用whichWhat

18、s that which she is looking at?正在看什么？【考點(diǎn)4-as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別】.位置不同。which引導(dǎo)的定語從何只置于所限制的句子后；as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位 置較靈活，也就是說as從何可置于所限制的句子前、插在句子中或放在句子后。It is a truly delightful place,which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.它確實(shí)是一個(gè)宜人的地方。與一百年前的樣子一樣,有著彎彎曲

19、曲的小徑和漂亮的村舍。Mike,as you know,is an honest man./Mike is an honest man,as you know./As you know,Mike is an honest man如你所知，邁克是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。.先行詞不同。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從何時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子。As we all know,he is very proud.優(yōu)行詞為一個(gè)句子）眾所周知,他很自大。He was proud,which his brother never was.我行詞是個(gè)詞）他是自

20、大的，而他弟弟從不自大。.意義不同。as一般譯為 正如，就像；which般譯為 這一點(diǎn)，這件事”。John,as you know,is my best friend.正如你所知,約翰是我最好的朋友。He has been to Paris more than ten times,which I don 他已去過巴黎十多次 t believe.了 ,這一點(diǎn)我不相信。.關(guān)系不同。當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí),關(guān)系詞往往只用which。Tom was late for school,which made his teacher very angry.湯姆上學(xué)遲到了,這使他老師很生氣。注

21、意:as多用于下列習(xí)慣用語中：as anybody can seeE如大家能看至U的那樣as we had expectedE如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as often happensE如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣 as has been said before 口之前所述as is mentioned above 如上面所提至U的【考點(diǎn)5-“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句】.在 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,不可用who或者that;指物 時(shí)用which,不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whoseThe person to whom you ll write is Mr Ball.The

22、old man was talking with Mr Smith,in whose hospital I was operated on.介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”前可有 some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,fe播代詞及名詞、數(shù)詞。He has two sons,both of whom were killed in the war.I live in a house,the window of which faces the south. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選擇可根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配、先行詞和介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來確定,有時(shí)也

23、需要結(jié)合句意。In the street there wasn t any person to whom she could turn for help.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. “復(fù)合介詞短語 +關(guān)系代詞which ”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中 ,定語從句常和先行詞用逗號(hào)分開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。He lives in a big house,in front of which stands a tall apple tree.注意 :在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中,由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不能分割,因此不能

24、把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。This is the book(which/that) I m looking for.不可以說:This is the book for which I m looking.from where雖為 介詞+關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可引導(dǎo)定語從句，where往往指代前面表示具體位置的介詞短語。He stood on top of the hill,from where he could see the whole village.(where指代 ontop of the hill, 指的是 “從山頂那個(gè)地方看”, 而不是指 “山 ”)【考點(diǎn)6-定語從句與其他句型的區(qū)別】

25、.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。二者都跟在名詞后面,區(qū)別是:定語從句修飾先行詞,是對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾限定;同位語從句則是對(duì)前面名詞的解釋說明,是其內(nèi)容。同位語從句前的名詞常為抽象名詞，如:idea,fact,truth,evidence,news,thought同位語從 句 主 要 由 that 引 導(dǎo) , 在 從 句 中 不 做 成 分 , 有 時(shí) 也 可 以 由 when,where,how,why,whether,wha善詞引導(dǎo)，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。The news that our team won made us excited.（our team woft news的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)從句

26、的成分,為同位語從句?？衫斫鉃?The news was that our team won.）The news that he told me was exciting.（he told me 缺少一個(gè)直接賓語,由 that 充當(dāng), 故為定語從句。不能將其理解為:The news was that he told me.）.定語從句與并列句和簡(jiǎn)單句的區(qū)別。區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵是看標(biāo)點(diǎn)和連接詞。Our class has sixty students,most of whom study hard逗號(hào)后為另一個(gè)句子，兩個(gè)旬 子之間要用連接代詞whom,為定語從句）Our class has sixty

27、students,and most of them study hard1號(hào)后為另一個(gè)句子，且已 經(jīng)有并列連詞and,故用them即可，為并列句）Our class has sixty students.Most of them study hard.（兩句之間為句號(hào)，代表兩個(gè)獨(dú) TOC o 1-5 h z 立的簡(jiǎn)單句,故不需要連接詞）.定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句前面必有先行詞,而狀語從句（如時(shí)間狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句）則是作整個(gè)句子的狀語,前面沒有先行詞。Do you know the time when he will come back?定語從句，前面有先行詞 time）I wi

28、ll go shopping when he comes back.（ 時(shí)間狀語從句,表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,前面沒有先行詞）Put the book where it belongs.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句 指的是 放書”的地點(diǎn)，前面無先行詞， 因此不能用to which）Put the book in the place where it belongs筵語從旬，前面有先行詞 place）.定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別。當(dāng) it is/was 后出現(xiàn)表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞時(shí),其后所接的從何是定語從何還是強(qiáng)調(diào)何，要看將it is/was和that何以先假設(shè)）去掉之后旬式是否完整（不缺少成分）,若句式完整則為

29、強(qiáng)調(diào)句。It was Sunday when he came back定語從句）It was on Sunday that he came back.（調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語 on Sunday去掉 It was和that后句式完整）【考點(diǎn)7-特殊情況】.當(dāng)先行詞為way,意為方法、方式”艮在定語從句中彳主語、賓語時(shí)，可用關(guān)系 代詞which或that;作狀語時(shí)，要用in which或that或不填任何關(guān)系詞。The way(that/in which) he finished the task successfully was difficult to understand.(故狀語)Th

30、e way that/which he explained to me was not difficult to understand.做賓語).當(dāng)先行詞為time時(shí),若表示 段時(shí)間”后面定語從句用 when引導(dǎo)，也可用 at/during which;若表示 次數(shù)”后面定語從句用that引導(dǎo),that可以省略。There was a time when we had no TV sets.This is the second time(that) the president has visited our country.【專題專練】I .用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空I.She and h

31、er family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.Kate, whose sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.3.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.Self-driving is an area where China and the rest

32、 of the world are on the same starting line.The little problems_thoi_we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of which has been proved.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when t

33、he weather may be better.Many young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school educatio